Locating-Domination in Complementary Prisms.

Let G = (V (G), E(G)) be a graph and G̅ be the complement of G. The complementary prism of G, denoted GG̅, is the graph formed from the disjoint union of G and G̅ by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and G̅. A set D ⊆ V (G) is a locating-dominating set of G if for every u ∈ V (G)D, its neighborhood N(u)⋂D is nonempty and distinct from N(v)⋂D for all v ∈ V (G)D where v ≠ u. The locating-domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a locating-dominating set of G. In this thesis, we study the locating-domination number of complementary prisms. We determine the locating-domination number of GG̅ for specific graphs and characterize the complementary prisms with small locating-domination numbers. We also present bounds on the locating-domination numbers of complementary prisms

Act Now for Your Tomorrow: Final Report of the National Commission on Nursing Workforce for Long-Term Care

The nursing workforce shortage faced by long-term care providers stems from factors both outside and inside the organization and operation of long-term care services. The nursing shortage diminishes quality of care and increases the costs of providing services. Resolution of the long-term care nursing workforce challenge will require improvement of the recruitment and retention of nurses. The leadership for the efforts to improve the long-term care workforce must come from the community itself. New and sustained leadership for action by long-term care leaders is the critical factor necessary to the development of the recommended initiatives and the achievement of the goals of the National Commission on Nursing Workforce for Long-Term Care

Socially Cognizant Robotics for a Technology Enhanced Society

Emerging applications of robotics, and concerns about their impact, require the research community to put human-centric objectives front-and-center. To meet this challenge, we advocate an interdisciplinary approach, socially cognizant robotics, which synthesizes technical and social science methods. We argue that this approach follows from the need to empower stakeholder participation (from synchronous human feedback to asynchronous societal assessment) in shaping AI-driven robot behavior at all levels, and leads to a range of novel research perspectives and problems both for improving robots' interactions with individuals and impacts on society. Drawing on these arguments, we develop best practices for socially cognizant robot design that balance traditional technology-based metrics (e.g. efficiency, precision and accuracy) with critically important, albeit challenging to measure, human and society-based metrics

A descriptive study of Ohio superintendents\u27 views of the opioid epidemic, legal options and medical response in schools.

The opioid epidemic has reached all portions of society, including into the lives of youth. This is a descriptive study of the views of Ohio superintendents and other administrators. and their willingness to provide training of school staff to administer naloxone in drug induced overdoses on school property. The research explores variables of school district demographic classifications, as well as, education and drug related experience of school leaders. With other states,such as Massachusetts and West Virginia, serving as models of naloxone training into their school districts, it is imperative to start the research of perceptions of school leaders in implementing training programs for Ohio School Districts.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stander_posters/1876/thumbnail.jp

Migrant status, clinical symptoms and functional outcome in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: findings from the NAPLS-3 study

Purpose: Migrant status is a known risk factor for psychosis, but the underlying causes of this vulnerability are poorly understood. Recently, studies have begun to explore whether migrant status predicts transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Results, however, have been inconclusive. The present study assessed the impact of migrant status on clinical symptoms and functional outcome in individuals at CHR for psychosis who took part in the NAPLS-3 study. Methods: Participants’ migrant status was classified as native-born, first-generation, or second-generation migrant. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS); functional outcome was measured using the Global Functioning Scales:Social and Role (GF:S; GF:R). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12-months, 18-months, and 24-months follow-up. Generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine changes over time and differences between groups. Results: The overall sample included 710 individuals at CHR for psychosis (54.2% males; Age: M = 18.19; SD = 4.04). A mixed model analysis was conducted, and no significant differences between groups in symptoms or functioning were observed at any time point. Over time, significant improvement in symptoms and functioning was observed within each group. Transition rates did not differ across groups. Conclusion: We discuss potential factors that might explain the lack of group differences. Overall, migrants are a heterogeneous population. Discerning the impact of migration from that of neighborhood ethnic density, social disadvantage or socio-economic status of different ethnic groups could help better understand vulnerability and resilience to psychosis

Is There an Association between Advanced Paternal Age and Endophenotype Deficit Levels in Schizophrenia?

The children of older fathers have increased risks of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and among those who develop these disorders, those with older fathers present with more severe clinical symptoms. However, the influence of advanced paternal age on other important domains related to schizophrenia, such as quantitative endophenotype deficit levels, remains unknown. This study investigated the associations between paternal age and level of endophenotypic impairment in a well-characterized family-based sample from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS). All families included at least one affected subject and one unaffected sibling. Subjects met criteria for schizophrenia (probands; n = 293) or were unaffected first-degree siblings of those probands (n = 382). Paternal age at the time of subjects’ birth was documented. Subjects completed a comprehensive clinical assessment and a battery of tests that measured 16 endophenotypes. After controlling for covariates, potential paternal age–endophenotype associations were analyzed using one model that included probands alone and a second model that included both probands and unaffected siblings. Endophenotype deficits in the Identical Pairs version of the 4-digit Continuous Performance Test and in the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery verbal memory test showed significant associations with paternal age. However, after correcting for multiple comparisons, no endophenotype was significantly associated with paternal age. These findings suggest that factors other than advanced paternal age at birth may account for endophenotypic deficit levels in schizophrenia