जलकृषि उत्पादों में दु:स्वाद(ओफ-फ्लेवर) की समस्याएं

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Evaluation of appropriateness of packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion in post-surgical adult patients admitted in ICU and its outcome: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of packed red blood cell (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma transfusion (FFP) in post-surgical adult patients admitted in ICU and its outcome. Methods: A total number of 800 ICU adult patients were enrolled. Out of these 600 patients received PRBC transfusion and 200 received FFP transfusions. Transfusion pattern was analyzed with respect to the number of units transfused, pre and post transfusion hemoglobin levels and coagulation profile. The outcome was measured in terms of mortality, morbidity and length of ICU stay. Transfusions were categorized into appropriate and inappropriate based on transfusion triggers used as per BSH guidelines (British Society for Hematology). The SPSS software was used for analyses. Results: Out of six hundred, 384 were those with appropriate red cell transfusion. In the appropriate transfusion group, majority i.e. 167 (43.49%) underwent more units of PRBC transfusion. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation in appropriate group was 7.43±4.1 days and in inappropriate group was 5.95±3.34 days. (p<0.05). There was significant association found between the high mortality and appropriateness of blood transfusion. Out of 200, One hundred and thirty-seven (137) were those with appropriate FFP transfusion. Majority of the patients underwent two units of FFP transfusion (47%). The mean change in aPTT and INR was comparable in both the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Analysis of appropriateness of transfusion according to BSH guidelines shows a high rate of irrational transfusions in Indian subjects. Further studies including large sample size are needed in this context.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA DALAM MENGOLAH SALAD DI SMK PI AMBARUKMO YOGYAKARTA

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA DALAM MENGOLAH SALAD DI SMK PI AMBARUKMO YOGYAKARTA Oleh : Amna Badra Krishnani 08511 24700 2 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1). mengetahui pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran kitchen/produktif khususnya pengolahan hidangan salad dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran ceramah (2) mengetahui pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran kitchen/produktif khususnya pengolahan hidangan salad dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran video.(3). mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman antara penggunaan cara konvensional dengan ceramah atau video pembelajaran dalam mata pelajaran kitchen khususnya pengolahan salad di SMK PI Ambarukmo. Penelitian ini dilakukan di jurusan Akomodasi Perhotelan SMK PI Ambarukmo Yogyakarta. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada minggu kedua bulan Januari 2011 sampai minggu keempat Mei 2011 pada siswa kelas 1. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Experimental. Pada penelitian ini, Populasi terdiri dari dua kelas jurusan Akomodasi Perhotelan sebanyak 50 siswa, kedua kelas tersebut dibagi menjadi dua kelompok penelitian yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen berjumlah 25 siswa dan kelompok selanjutnya adalah kelompok kontrol berjumlah 25 siswa. Tiap kelompok penelitian diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda. Kelompok eksperimen menggunakan media video pembelajaran sedangkan kelompok kontrol menggunakan metode konvensional dengan ceramah dan hand out. Kemudian masing – masing diberikan pretest/tes awal dan postest/tes akhir. Nilai tes tersebut kemudian dijadikan acuan dalam pengolahan data untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman siswa menggunakan media video pembelajaran. Agar peneliti dapat mengetahui keefektifan media video pembelajaran, maka dilakukan uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian dan pembahasan, yaitu (1). Siswa akan merasa cepat bosan ketika proses belajar mengajarnya hanya menggunakan metode konvensional dengan ceramah. Hai ini dibuktikan dari distribusi rerata nilai tes awal siswa untuk kelas kontrol sebesar 59,16 kemudian untuk tes akhirnya sebesar 69,28. (2). Siswa akan lebih aktif dan konsentrasi ketika proses belajar mengajarnya disisipkan metode yang berbeda. Hai ini dibuktikan dari distribusi rerata nilai tes awal siswa untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 60,96 kemudian untuk tes akhirnya sebesar 80,33. (3). Penggunaan video pembelajaran dirasakan sangat berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa. Dan dirasa efektif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan di adakanny uji hipotesis dimana perhitungan menggunakan rumus uji-t untuk sampel yang berhubungan menghasilkan thitung sebesar 3,450457. Jika dibandingkan dengan ttabel menggunakan dk 24 dengan taraf kesalahan 0,05/ 5% dihasilkan nilai ttabel sebesar 2,063899. Hasil ttabel lebih kecil dari thitung dengan demikian Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kata Kunci : Pemahaman, Evektivitas Video Pembelajara

तटीय चिंगट जलकृषि में पर्यावरणीय चुनौतियाँ और इसका प्रबंधन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Primary Sjogren's syndrome : rarity in India

Objective : Primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is rarely reported from India. We have studied the clinical spectrum and immunological profile of patients with primary SS. Methods : A prospective analysis of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome fulfilling San Francisco criteria, seen at our clinic in the last 10 years was carried out. Results : The study included 26 patients, 21 being women. The presenting symptoms included dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis/ arthralgia. Extra-glandular manifestations were glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, renal tubular acidosis and peripheral neuropathy. The important laboratory abnormalities were hypergammaglobulinaemia (16/20), antinuclear antibodies (18/26), anti-La (11/19) and anti-Ro (10/19). Minor salivary gland provided a definitive diagnosis in 16/26 (60%). Conclusion : The prevalence of primary Sjogren's syndrome is rare even in tertiary care rheumatology clinics. The clinical and immunological profile as seen here is similar to that reported in Western countries

Gliosarcoma: An audit from a single institution in India of 24 post-irradiated cases over 15 years

Background: Gliosarcomas (GS) are biphasic brain tumors composed of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and sarcomatous component. Therapeutic approaches include maximum surgical decompression with postoperative radiotherapy. Outcomes in gliosarcoma are poor despite multimodality management. Aims: To analyze the outcome in patients of GS treated in our institute over a period of 15 years and compare it with GBM treated during the same period. Settings and Design: Clinical records of the post-irradiated GS patients and GBM patients seen between 1990 and 2004 were retrieved. Materials and Methods: Demographic and treatment variables were evaluated for their influence on overall survival (OS). The survival outcomes of GBM and GS treated during the same period were also compared. Statistical Analysis: Univariate analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested using log-rank test for significance. Results: During these 15 years, 24 evaluable GS patients were treated as compared to 251 evaluable patients of GBM. There was a slight male preponderance in GS (14 males vs.10 females) with a median age of 50 years. All patients underwent surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy (median dose of 60 Gy). None of the patient or treatment related factors were found to be significantly influencing their OS. Median OS in GS was 7.3 months compared to 7.5 months in GBM patients (P = 0.790). Conclusions: The OS appears to be similar for GS and GBM. None of the demographic variables appeared to prognosticate the survivals of GS