Deep Cervical Muscle Strengthening Exercise on Neck Pain Disability: A Randomized Controlled trail study

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of deep cervical flexor muscle strengthening exercises on neck pain disability among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was adopted with 60 participants who met the inclusion and were randomly allocated into the study group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). Neck pain disability was evaluated before, one month after the initiation of deep cervical flexor muscle strengthening exercise. Results: Majority (>70%) of the participants were female, with a mean age group of 18.72, and used mobile phones and computers with improper ergonomics. There were significant (p<0.001) changes after one month in the overall neck disability index within the study group and between the study and control groups compared by paired t and independent t-test. Conclusion: This finding concludes that the outcome effectively reduces neck pain and its associated disability and could be incorporated into routine day-to-day practice to reduce neck pain, thereby minimizing the disability.&nbsp

Assessing the Impact of Behavioral Activation Therapy on Physiological and Chemical Markers of Depression in Adolescents: A Study in Puducherry Schools

Background: According to WHO, Sep 2020 reported globally, depression is the leading cause of illness and disability among adolescents aged 15-19 years. Adolescence is a period in which an individual undergoes physical, psychological and cognitive changes. Additionally, the adolescent experiences changes in social expectations and perceptions. This affects how the adolescents feel, think, make decisions, and interact with the world around them. The main aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy on Bio-physiological and Biochemical measures on Depression among Adolescents. Methods: True experimental research design (Pretest and posttest design) was obtained for this study to check the feasibility of the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy among adolescents with Mild and Moderate Depression. Demographic variables and a standardized tool Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was given to the study participants. The total sample size was 150 adolescents with Mild and Moderate Depression. True experimental research design was used between two group pretest and posttest design). BMI and Salivary Cortisol was calculated prior to the interventions and after the interventions in experimental group and control group. Experimental group received Behavioral Activation Therapy and routine care for control group. Behavioral Activation Therapy involves 10 weeks sessions Situation-mood-activity cycle, solving intruistic issues, social skills training, shaping healthy behaviors, rewards and follow up behavior contract. Theduration of intervention was three months. After three months of duration Post test was conducted in both experimental and control group. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were tabulated by Sigma plot software

Comparative Analysis of Hormonal and Basic Parameters between Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Non-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Non-PCOS) Individuals

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to non-PCOS women across different age groups. The data was collected from a sample of women, and their distribution among age groups revealed that the majority of PCOS women (39.6%) were in the 36-45 years age range, followed by 30.6% in the 26-35 years group, and 29.6% in the 15-25 years group. Subsequently, various parameters were compared between PCOS and non-PCOS women. The analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) indicated that there was a marginal difference, with PCOS women having a mean BMI of 20.93±2.37 kg/m2, and non-PCOS women having a slightly higher mean BMI of 21.51±2.37 kg/m2. Furthermore, hormonal analysis revealed that PCOS women had significantly higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) with a mean of 13.32±2.25 compared to non-PCOS women with a mean of 7.23±2.14. Similarly, PCOS women showed elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with a mean of 6.43±4.34, while non-PCOS women had a mean of 4.43±2.53. Moreover, insulin levels were considerably higher in PCOS women with a mean of 19.52±2.06, in contrast to non-PCOS women with a mean of 6.43±3.53. These findings suggest that PCOS is associated with distinct hormonal and metabolic profiles, contributing to the understanding of this complex syndrome and emphasizing the importance of considering age and hormonal factors in its diagnosis and managemen

Childhood Health and Growth Trends: A Cross-Sectional Study of School Children

Childhood is a pivotal phase of human development, entails rapid growth and evolving health requirements. This cross-sectional study examines the age and sex distribution of school children across five coastal localities. To address the unique health and well-being challenges faced by school children in different regions, this cross-sectional study explores the age and sex distribution of school children across five distinct localities: Koilpathu, Karaikalmedu, Nallathur, Varichikudy, and Kottucherry. It offers a comprehensive examination of school children, encompassing demographic profiles, anthropometric measurements, and a wide array of health-related data. Our analysis revealed shifting gender proportions across age groups, with females dominating in the younger years but males surpassing females as children grow older. Particularly intriguing were the 12-year age group's scarcity of females (0.3%) and the 13-year age group's exclusive female composition (6.07%). Regarding body mass index (BMI), boys generally exhibited values near reference standards in their early years, while girls displayed lower BMI values than the reference during pre-adolescence, signaling potential nutritional concerns. Malnutrition was less prevalent in younger age groups, but overweight and obesity became more common as children aged. Gender-specific health disparities were also evident, with females more susceptible to anemia, while males had a higher prevalence of color blindness and dental health issues. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions to address age and gender-specific health challenges among coastal school children

Correlation between Hand Tripod Pinch Grip and Handwriting Quality impact on Academic Performance- A Narrative Review

Background: Hand is an important structure used for reaching, holding object predominantly for that grasp and grip strength particularly tripod pinch grip strength is very essential and handwriting is one of the skilled fine motor movements in that deft handwriting which include particular speed with legible writing product is needed for students especially for their higher grades to achieve their best academic performance. Objective: Deft Handwriting is an essential functional skill that impacts on Academic performance and progress from primary school level to higher grades, mostly assumed that grasp and tripod pinch grip affects legibility, speed, yet research studies examining this relationship as correlation are limited. Method: We used Narrative review methodology to map existing research on tripod pinch grip and handwriting quality from the school-age children to higher grades and to identify gaps in the literature. Results: Ten articles met search criteria and were categorized by grasp patterns which mainly include tripod –dynamic tripod grip strength and handwriting performance in speed and readability and grasp kinetics and handwriting performance. Findings suggest an inefficient grasp can lead to decreased handwriting quality i.e legibility and speed. The current literature is inconclusive and several gaps were identified. Conclusion: Tripod pinch grip strength consider as an important since the thump ,index and middle finger its fine motor action , pressure and force exerted on the pencil since static and dynamic tripod pinch commonly used with students if the student lack of this factor finally end in the low academic performance which affect their higher grades, hence Early Analysis at the primary level and early intervention with maintain the higher grades consider as an essential factor reveals from the article. &nbsp

Different types of Corrective exercises on Correction of Hyper Lumbarlordosis in Females- A Narrative Review

Back ground: Lumbar curvature carries the upper body weight and transfers it directly to the pelvis, which is of great significance. The structures in the lumbar region are one of the factors that affect the lumbar-pelvic balance, as well as the performance of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt. Also, weakness of abdominal, dorsal, and lumbar muscles has been considered as the most common factors increasing the lumbar curvature. Excessive lordotic curvature is also called hyperlordosis, hollow back, saddle back and swayback. Common cause of excessive lordosis includes tight low back muscle, excessive visceral fat, and pregnancy. Objectives: This review aimed at finding and analysing different forms of corrective exercises to correct hyper lumbar lordosis in females. Methods: The search was performed through online for English language articles. The databases used were Google ‘corrective exercises’ and ‘lumbar lordosis’. The scientific literature related to physiotherapy management for lumbar lordosis published from 1997 to 2021 was searched. Screening of the reference lists of all the retrieved articles was also done. Through online database search 100 articles were reviewed, 19 articles were included in this study based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: Based on gender (only female’s participant’s studies). Participants: Studies had included individuals with hyper lumbar lordosis with pain or without low back pain. Conclusion: 16 articles show Corrective exercises plays a main role in reduction of lumbar lordotic curve and functional disability. With the help of corrective exercises (abdominal muscle strengthening exercises, gluteal strengthening exercises hip flexor stretching exercises, back stretching exercises) can maintain the core stability of spinal extensors and flexors, due to this, spinal curvature can be corrected indirectly and the posture is corrected and the spasm get released, pain will be subsided, finally the quality of life will be improved

Activation and Induction of Antigen-Specific T Follicular Helper Cells Play a Critical Role in Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine-Induced Human Mucosal Anti-influenza Antibody Response

There is increasing interest recently in developing intranasal vaccines against respiratory tract infections. The antibody response is critical for vaccine-induced protection, and T follicular helper cells (TFH) are considered important for mediating the antibody response. Most data supporting the role for TFH in the antibody response are from animal studies, and direct evidence from humans is limited, apart from the presence of TFH-like cells in blood. We studied the activation and induction of TFH and their role in the anti-influenza antibody response induced by a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). TFH activation in adenotonsillar tissues was analyzed by flow cytometry, and anti-hemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibodies were examined following LAIV stimulation of tonsillar mononuclear cells (MNC). Induction of antigen-specific TFH by LAIV was studied by flow cytometry analysis of induced TFH and CD154 expression. LAIV induced TFH proliferation, which correlated with anti-HA antibody production, and TFH were shown to be critical for the antibody response. Induction of TFH from naive T cells by LAIV was shown in newly induced TFH expressing BCL6 and CD21, followed by the detection of anti-HA antibodies. Antigen specificity of LAIV-induced TFH was demonstrated by expression of the antigen-specific T cell activation marker CD154 upon challenge by H1N1 virus antigen or HA. LAIV-induced TFH differentiation was inhibited by BCL6, interleukin-21 (IL-21), ICOS, and CD40 signaling blocking, and that diminished anti-HA antibody production. In conclusion, we demonstrated the induction by LAIV of antigen-specific TFH in human NALT that provide critical support for the anti-influenza antibody response. Promoting antigen-specific TFH in NALT by use of intranasal vaccines may provide an effective vaccination strategy against respiratory infections in humans. IMPORTANCE Airway infections, such as influenza, are common in humans. Intranasal vaccination has been considered a biologically relevant and effective way of immunization against airway infection. The vaccine-induced antibody response is crucial for protection against infection. Recent data from animal studies suggest that one type of T cells, TFH, are important for the antibody response. However, data on whether TFH-mediated help for antibody production operates in humans are limited due to the lack of access to human immune tissue containing TFH. In this study, we demonstrate the induction of TFH in human immune tissue, providing critical support for the anti-influenza antibody response, by use of an intranasal influenza vaccine. Our findings provide direct evidence that TFH play a critical role in vaccine-induced immunity in humans and suggest a novel strategy for promoting such cells by use of intranasal vaccines against respiratory infections

Recurrent croup is a good indicator of underlying paediatric airway issues: A 10-year retrospective cohort study of airway endoscopy

Objective Children with a history of recurrent croup alert the ENT clinician to the potential for underlying laryngotracheal pathology. There is equipoise about the likelihood of identifying any underlying structural issues or subglottic stenosis in those children who undergo airway assessment. Methods A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary UK paediatric hospital of a decade of children with recurrent croup who underwent a rigid laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy (airway endoscopy). Main Outcome(s) airway pathology seen on endoscopy and need for further airway surgery. Results In ten years, 139 children underwent airway endoscopy for recurrent croup. Operative findings were abnormal in 62 (45 %) cases. Twelve cases (9%) had subglottic stenosis. Although recurrent croup was more common in males (78% of cases), this was not found to predispose them to operative findings. Children with previous intubations had >2 times the risk of abnormal findings and children born prematurely (<37 wks) had a trend towards abnormal operative findings versus children with no airway findings in our cohort. Even in those patients with abnormal findings, none necessitated further airway surgery. Conclusions Surgeons and parents can be reassured that rigid airway endoscopy for children with recurrent croup demonstrated high diagnostic utility but will rarely lead to further surgical intervention. Greater understanding about recurrent croup may require consensus clarification about definitions of recurrent croup and/or a universal adoption of a minimum standard operative record or grading system after rigid endoscopy for recurrent croup

MVA-NP+M1 vaccine activates mucosal M1-specific T cell immunity and tissue-resident memory T cells in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue.

Increasing evidences support a critical role of CD8+ T cell immunity against influenza. Activation of mucosal CD8+T cells, particularly tissue-resident memory T(TRM) cells recognizing conserved epitopes would mediate rapid and broad protection. Matrix protein 1(M1) is a well-conserved internal protein. We studied the capacity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-vectored vaccine expressing nucleoprotein(NP) and M1(MVA-NP+M1) to activate M1-specific CD8+ T cell response including TRM cells in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue(NALT) from children and adults. Following MVA-NP+M1 stimulation, M1 was abundantly expressed in adenotonsillar epithelial cells and B cells. MVA-NP+M1 activated marked IFN-γ-secreting T cell response to M1 peptides. Using tetramer staining, we showed the vaccine activated a marked increase in M158-66-specific CD8+ T cells in tonsillar mononuclear cells (MNC) of HLA-matched individuals. We also demonstrated MVA-NP+M1 activated a substantial increase in TRM cells exhibiting effector memory T cell phenotype. Upon recall antigen recognition, M1-specific T cells rapidly undergo cytotoxic degranulation, release granzyme B and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to target cell killing. Conclusion: MVA-NP+M1 elicits a substantial M1-specific T cell response including TRM cells in NALT, demonstrating its strong capacity to expand memory T cell pool exhibiting effector memory T cell phenotype, therefore offering great potential for rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection

Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Vectored Vaccine Expressing Nucleoprotein and Matrix Protein 1 (M1) Activates Mucosal M1-Specific T-Cell Immunity and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Background Increasing evidence supports a critical role of CD8+ T-cell immunity against influenza. Activation of mucosal CD8+ T cells, particularly tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells recognizing conserved epitopes would mediate rapid and broad protection. Matrix protein 1 (M1) is a well-conserved internal protein. Methods We studied the capacity of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)–vectored vaccine expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and M1 (MVA-NP+M1) to activate M1-specific CD8+ T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue from children and adults. Results After MVA-NP+M1 stimulation, M1 was abundantly expressed in adenotonsillar epithelial cells and B cells. MVA-NP+M1 activated a marked interferon γ–secreting T-cell response to M1 peptides. Using tetramer staining, we showed the vaccine activated a marked increase in M158–66 peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in tonsillar mononuclear cells of HLA-matched individuals. We also demonstrated MVA-NP+M1 activated a substantial increase in TRM cells exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype. On recall antigen recognition, M1-specific T cells rapidly undergo cytotoxic degranulation, release granzyme B and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to target cell killing. Conclusions MVA-NP+M1 elicits a substantial M1-specific T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, demonstrating its strong capacity to expand memory T-cell pool exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype, therefore offering great potential for rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection