A complete description of the magnetic ground state in spinel vanadates

Capturing the non-collinear magnetic ground state of the spinel vanadates AV$_2$O$_4$ (A= Mn, Fe and Co) remains an outstanding challenge for state-of-the-art ab-initio methods. We demonstrate that both the non-collinear spin texture, as well as the magnitude of local moments, are captured by a single value of the on-site Hubbard $U$ of 2.7~eV in conjunction with the local spin density approximation (LSDA+$U$), provided the source term (i.e., magnetic monopole term) is removed from the exchange-correlation magnetic field ${\bf B}_{XC}$. We further demonstrate that the magnetic monopole structure in ${\bf B}_{XC}$ is highly sensitive to the value of $U$, to the extent that the interplay between on-site localization and local moment magnitude is qualitatively different depending on whether the source term is removed or not. This suggests that in treating strongly correlated magnetic materials within the LSDA+$U$ formalism, subtraction of the unphysical magnetic monopole term from the exchange-correlation magnetic field is essential to correctly treat the magnetic ground state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF STRUCTURED METHODOLOGIES AND STANDARD GUIDELINES TO ENHANCE ACADEMIC PROFICIENCY OF POTENTIAL LEARNERS PURSUING PHYSIOTHERAPY

Abstract Background: Potential learners are those who have the ability and motivation to learn new skills and knowledge outside of their comfort zones (where they struggle). Although they are slow learners, potential students do not have intellectual disabilities. Each school of higher education has its unique remedial procedures. Effectiveness of strategies on potential students in higher education institutions is understudied. Aim of the study is to identify the existing literature on Strategies and guidelines to improve academic proficiency of potential learners in Physiotherapy. Methodology: Based on the framework created by Arksey and O'Malley, this review was done. In July 2023, six databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, ProQuest, and CINAHL) were searched, and publications published between 2013 and 2023 were taken into consideration for inclusion. Two independent reviewers independently reviewed studies at the title/abstract, full-text, data extraction, and critical assessment stages. A data extraction form was used to obtain the data, which was then displayed as figures and tables with narratives. Results: 356 full text articles in total were downloaded, and their eligibility was determined. 64 articles which were duplicate records have been removed. 36 articles focused on various remedial tutoring techniques and have been found ineligible. Out of 256 only 13 papers that explicitly addressed the inclusion criteria were included in this study, and both reviewers reached the same judgement concerning their inclusion. Discussion: Although there are studies on remedial coaching, its relevance in higher educational institutions to demonstrate their efficacy has not been studied. Literature that emphasizes the connection between teaching approaches and learning styles is scarce. A significant lack of explicit recommendations and standardized standard techniques for potential learners is also suggested by the literature. Conclusion: The literature on identifying and assisting potential learners in physiotherapy is scarce. Additionally, there is a significant and potential interest in skill-based and inter professional education in the physiotherapy profession's education sector. Innovative abilities and the active learning idea are quite well suited to regular classroom-related activities, but their significance and set standards or techniques are not fully explored in prospective students

Workshop proceedings, Evaluation of Irrigation Management Transfer Process and Performance, Lalitpur, Nepal, 11-12 October 1999

Irrigation management / Privatization / Monitoring / Evaluation / Institutional development / Rehabilitation / Leadership / Water users' associations / Irrigation programs / Participatory management / Women / Surface water / Groundwater / Conjunctive use / Nepal / Khageri Irrigation System / Hirapur Manusmara Irrigation System

Land markets, Property rights, and Deforestation: Insights from Indonesia

We examine the emergence of land markets and their effects on forest land appropriation by farm households in Jambi Province, Sumatra, using micro-level data covering land use and land transactions for a period of more than 20 years (1992 2015). Based on a theoretical model of land acquisition by a heterogeneous farming population, different hypotheses are developed and empirically tested. Farm households involved in forest land appropriation differ from those involved in land market purchases in terms of migration status and other socioeconomic characteristics. In principle, these differences provide opportunities for market-induced deforestation. However, the appropriated forest land is not extensively traded, which we attribute to the lack of de jure property right protection and the resulting undervaluation in the market. While the de facto property right protection under customary law provides sufficient security within the village community, the sense of external tenure security is low when the land cannot be formally titled. Clearing forests for trading in the land market is, therefore, financially less lucrative for farm households than engaging in own cultivation of plantation crops, such as oil palm and rubber. We conclude that land markets did not have significant effects on deforestation. On the other hand, the emergence of land markets alone has also not been able to deter forest appropriation by local farm households. (c) 2017 The Author(s)This study was undertaken as part of the research project SFB 990.Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems, Sumatra (Indonesia)- (EFForTS) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)

Synthesis and characterization of novel dextran-conjugated macromolecules of aceclofenac

The study involves the condensation of acylimidazole derivatives of acaclofenac (AC) with dextran 10,000 and 20,000 to obtain aceclofenac-dextran prodrugs AC10 and AC20 respectively with an aim to improve aqueous solubility, increase therapeutic efficiency and reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. The structure of synthesized prodrugs was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight was determined by Mark-Howink Sakurada equation and the degree of substitution was obtained as 13.3 and 16 % for the prodrugs. In vitro hydrolysis carried out in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF) showed faster hydrolysis in SIF and SCF. The percentage anti-inflammatory activity of AC was found as 49.56 whereas an improved value of 56.44 and 61.82 % were obtained for AC10 and AC20 respectively. The prodrugs showed improved analgesia and reduced ulcerogenicity than aceclofenac, thereby proving to be better in action than the parent drug.El estudio se centra en la condensación de acilimidazoles derivados de aceclofenaco (AC) con dextrano 10.000 y 20.000 para obtener los profármacos de aceclofenaco-dextrano AC10 y AC20, respectivamente, con el objetivo de mejorar la hidrosolubilidad, aumentar la eficacia terapéutica y reducir los efectos secundarios gastrointestinales. La estructura de los profármacos sintetizados se ha confirmado a través de espectroscopia IR y RMN. El peso molecular ha sido determinado a través de la ecuación de Mark-Houwink-Sakurada y se ha obtenido un grado de sustitución de 13,3 y 16% para los profármacos. La hidrólisis in vitro llevada a cabo en fluido gástrico simulado (FGS), fluido intestinal simulado (FIS) y fluido colónico simulado (FCS) ha mostrado una hidrólisis más rápida en FIS y FCS. De ello ha resultado un porcentaje de actividad antiinflamatoria de AC de 49,56, mientras que para AC10 y AC20 se ha obtenido un valor aumentado de 56,44 y 61,82% respectivamente. Los profármacos han mostrado una mejor analgesia y una menor ulcerogenicidad que el aceclofenaco, por lo que se demuestra que su acción es mejor que la del fármaco base

The effects of epidural analgesia in normal labour

Background: Epidural analgesia is considered to be gold standard technique for labour analgesia but is claimed to prolong labour. Previous studies have evaluated epidural analgesia versus systemic opioids to no analgesia. The present study evaluated the effect of epidural analgesia on duration of labour compared to no analgesia.Methods: Sixty primigravida with full term-singleton, vertex presentation in spontaneous labour were included in the study. Parturient willing for epidural analgesia were allocated as epidural group (n=30), rest served as control. The intervention in active stage of labour included 10 ml of Inj. Bupivacaine 0.125% and Inj. Fentanyl 100μg and maintenance with infusion of Inj. Bupivacaine 0.125% and Inj. Fentanyl 2μg/ml added at a rate of 6-8 ml/hr. Duration of the first two stages of labour, patient satisfaction, side effects, number of instrumental vaginal/ vacuum-assisted deliveries, and neonatal APGAR score were recorded.Results: The mean duration of first stage of labour was shorter in epidural group (250.17±106.33 minutes) compared with control (302.00±111.99 minutes), (p= 0.071). The mean duration of second stage in epidural group was (18.73±6.82 minutes) compared with control (18.33±14.53 minutes) was not significant (p= 0.892). Although instrumental vaginal delivery rate was greater in the epidural group (6.7%) as compared to control (3.3%), (p=1.000). Pain score (VAPS) varied between1-3 and 4-10 in epidural group and control respectively (p< 0.001). The APGAR scores at 5 min and neonatal ICU admissions were statistically comparable.Conclusions: Epidural analgesia with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl results in good pain relief with undue prolongation of labour

Suppression of auxin stimulated growth of barley coleoptile sections by endosulfan

Endosulfan, a cyclic sulphurous acid ester commonly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, suppressed the elongation of barley coleoptiles. Indoleacetic acid at optimum concentration overcame the inhibition of growth of coleoptiles treated with 10 ppm endosulfan. However, perfusion of the coleoptile sections with endosulfan and subsequent treatment with indoleacetic acid could not stimulate cell elongation to the extent observed in the control