Effects of heavy metals on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn

Heavy metal (Abiotic Factor) pollution is one of the most troublesomeenvironmental problems faced by mankind nowadays. Lead and Nickel in particular,pose serious problems due to its widespread industrial and agricultural use. Plants ingeneral are very sensitive to Pb and Ni toxicity, displaying metabolic disturbances andgrowth inhibition. Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn (var. PR202) which mainly grows in drycondition faces the toxicity of Pb and Ni which may have negative effect on its yield.Some inorganic nutrients can overcome the toxicity of heavy metals and addition of theseinorganic nutrients in media can increase the resistance (tolerance level) of plant against heavy metal toxicity. Embryogenic sectors of seed callus from control (MS + 2 mg/l 2,4-D+ 0.5 mg/l Kn) were sub cultured on regeneration medium (MS + 1mg/l NAA)supplemented with of toxic level of heavy metals and varied concentrations of inorganicnutrients (MgSO4 and ZnSO4) to minimize the toxicity of heavy metals. Callus induction obtained only in the medium containing 100 μM concentrations of Pb and Ni but therewas better growth obtained in Ni containing medium than Pb. These results show that Pband Ni above 100 μM concentration were toxic for callus induction in Eleusine coracanabut Pb was more toxic than Ni and same results was observed during plantregeneration.It was concluded that ZnSO4 at the four times of MS level best to minimizethe toxicity of Nickel and MgSO4 at three times of MS level best to minimize the toxicityof Lead

Bioprocess optimization for enhanced xylitol synthesis by new isolate Meyerozyma caribbica CP02 using rice straw

Abstract The present work models the fermentation process parameters of the newly isolated, Meyerozyma caribbica CP02 for enhanced xylitol production and its fermentability study on rice straw hydrolysate. The study examined the impact of each of the process variables by one variable at a time optimization followed by statistical validation. Temperature of 32 °C, pH of 3.5, agitation of 200 rpm, 1.5% (v/v) inoculum, 80 gL−1 initial xylose was optimized. Subsequently, a sequential two-stage agitation approach was adopted for fermentation. At these optimized conditions, xylitol yield of 0.77 gg−1 and 0.64 gg−1 was achieved using media containing commercial and rice straw derived xylose, respectively. For scale up, in 3L batch bioreactor, the highest xylitol yield (0.63 gg−1) was attained at 72 h with rice straw hydrolysate media containing initial xylose (59.48 ± 0.82 gL−1) along with inhibitors (1.55 ± 0.10 gL−1 aliphatic acids, 0.0.048 ± 0.11 gL−1 furans, 0.64 ± 0.23 gL−1 total phenols). The results imply that even under circumstances characterized by an acidic pH and elevated initial xylose level, M. caribbica CP02, as an isolate, displays robustness and shows favorable fermentability of rice straw hydrolysate. Therefore, isolate CP02 has potential to be used in bio-refineries for high yield xylitol production with minimal hydrolysate processing requirements. Graphical Abstrac

Estratégias de adaptação e injúrias demonstradas por plantas sob diferentes condições ambientais: uma curta revisãoe

A wide variety of favorable or disadvantageous external conditions affect the growth, development and productivity of plants. Plants cannot avoid adverse environmental conditions (such as soil salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metal contamination, predators and pathogen infections) due to their sessile nature. Nature¿s wrath in the form of various biotic and abiotic stress factors adversely affect plant growth and productivity causing the loss of crop yield. These abiotic and biotic stress factors are a threat for plants, prevent them from reaching their full genetic potential and limit crop productivity worldwide. Stress cause injury, disease or aberrant physiology by imposing a constraint or highly unpredictable fluctuations on regular metabolic patterns of plants. These fluctuations are mainly associated with altered metabolic functions; one of those is either loss of or reduced synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. This results in declined light harvesting and generation of reducing powers, which are a source of energy for dark reactions of photosynthesis. Thus, this review article describes some induced changes in morphological, physiological and pigments composition in crops due to stresses and research progress in plant responses to abiotic stresses and biotic stresses is summarized from the physiological level to the molecular level

Sustainable nanofiber synthesis from corn protein meal for enhanced vitamin E and curcumin nutrient delivery in food systems†

<jats:p>Corn protein meal (corn gluten meal) is a byproduct of the cornstarch industry, and it has low solubility and low bioavailability.</jats:p&gt