Age Differences in Cancer Treatment Decision Making and Social Support

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the decision-making (DM) styles of younger (18-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (≥60 years) cancer survivors, the type and role of social support, and patient satisfaction with cancer treatment DM. Method: Adult cancer survivors (N = 604) were surveyed using Qualtrics online software. Results: Older adults reported significantly lower influence of support on DM than younger adults. The most common DM style for the age groups was collaborative DM with their doctors. Younger age was a significant predictor of independent (p \u3c .05), collaborative with family (p \u3c .001), delegated to doctor (p \u3c .01), delegated to family (p \u3c .001), and demanding (p \u3c .001) DM styles. Discussion: Despite having lower received social support in cancer treatment DM, older adults were more satisfied with their DM than younger and middleaged adults. Health care workers should be aware of different DM styles and influence of social networks to help facilitate optimal patient DM and satisfaction

Sustainability of sanitation in rural Bangladesh

This is a report on a study of 53 Bangladesh unions declared “100% sanitized” more than 4.5 years earlier under the auspices of a broad-based national sanitation campaign. Union Chairmen received awards if their populations achieved the goal. Findings were generally positive, with 89.5% of surveyed households using some type of improved latrine (shared or not). A dramatic change in social norms was found. Two-thirds of union chairmen were still working on sanitation. Other achievements were the emergence of private sector latrine parts producers and an increase in latrine pit cleaning services. A significant problem was the unclean condition of 56% of improved household latrines. Other challenges are discussed. Recommendations include: Establish quality standards for latrine parts manufacture; Monitor sanitation coverage in all unions in the future; Offer low-interest loans to poor households for latrine purchases; and Keep local government involved and responsible for continuing rural sanitation improvements

Assessing genetic structure with multiple classes of molecular markers: a case study involving the introduced fire ant Solenopsis invicta

We used 30 genetic markers of 6 different classes to describe hierarchical genetic structure in introduced populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. These included four classes of presumably neutral nuclear loci (allozymes, codominant random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), microsatellites, and dominant RAPDs), a class comprising two linked protein-coding nuclear loci under selection, and a marker of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Patterns of structure revealed by F statistics and exact tests of differentiation were highly concordant among the four classes of neutral nuclear markers, although the microsatellites were the most effective markers for detecting structure. The results from the mtDNA complemented those from the neutral nuclear markers by revealing that strong limitations to female-mediated gene flow were the cause of the local structure registered by the nuclear markers. The pattern of structure inferred from the selected nuclear loci was markedly different from the patterns derived from the other sets of markers but was predictable on the basis of the presumed mode of selection acting on these loci. In general, the results for all six classes of markers can be explained by known features of the social and reproductive biology of fire ants. Thus, the results from these diverse sets of markers, combined with detailed natural history data, provide an unusually complete picture of how the fundamental evolutionary forces of gene flow, drift, and selection govern the distribution of genetic variation within and between fire ant populations

Lesbian and bisexual women's experiences of sexuality-based discrimination and their appearance concerns

Lesbian and bisexual women frequently experience sexuality-based discrimination, which is often based on others' judgements about their appearance. This short article aims to explore whether there is a relationship between lesbian and bisexual women's experiences of sexuality-based discrimination and their satisfaction with the way that they look. Findings from an online survey suggest that discrimination is negatively related to appearance satisfaction for lesbian women, but not for bisexual women. It is argued that this difference exists because lesbian appearance norms are more recognisable and distinctive than bisexual women's appearance norms

Distribution of the two social forms of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in the native South American range

Polygyne (multiple queen) colony social organization in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren is always associated with the presence of a particular class of alleles at the gene Gp-9. We used diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assays capable of distinguishing these alleles to determine the location of polygyne populations in the native South American range of this species. We found that polygyny occurs in a mosaic pattern with respect to the more common monogyne (single queen) social form, a pattern superficially similar to that seen in the introduced range in the United States. However, polygyny appears to be relatively restricted in its geographical prevalence in the native range compared with the introduced range. This difference may stem from higher dispersal rates in the introduced range, which are associated with greater opportunities for human-mediated transport of mated queens or colony fragments. On the basis of our distributional data and results from other studies, the southern part of the native range of S. invicta, particularly northeastern Argentina, is emerging as the most likely geographic source of the founders of the U.S. population

assessment of pd 1 pd l1 colocalization in hepatocellular carcinoma hcc using bright field double labeling and quantitative digital image analysis

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Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Systolic Blood Pressure Control Loop

We use detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to study the dynamics of blood pressure oscillations and its feedback control in rats by analyzing systolic pressure time series before and after a surgical procedure that interrupts its control loop. We found, for each situation, a crossover between two scaling regions characterized by exponents that reflect the nature of the feedback control and its range of operation. In addition, we found evidences of adaptation in the dynamics of blood pressure regulation a few days after surgical disruption of its main feedback circuit. Based on the paradigm of antagonistic, bipartite (vagal and sympathetic) action of the central nerve system, we propose a simple model for pressure homeostasis as the balance between two nonlinear opposing forces, successfully reproducing the crossover observed in the DFA of actual pressure signals

Parameterized optimized effective potential for atoms

The optimized effective potential equations for atoms have been solved by parameterizing the potential. The expansion is tailored to fulfill the known asymptotic behavior of the effective potential at both short and long distances. Both single configuration and multi configuration trial wave functions are implemented. Applications to several atomic systems are presented improving previous works. The results here obtained are very close to those calculated in either the Hartree-Fock and the multi configurational Hartree-Fock framework.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure