Yield and sensory quality of new tea (Camelia sinensis) cultivars in biclonal progenies in Argentina

En el estudio se efectuó la evaluación final del rendimiento y calidad de 28 nuevos cultivares obtenidos a partir de la selección en progenies biclonales de los cultivares más difundidos en la región. Se instalaron 4 experiencias en las localidades de Cerro Azul y Gobernador Virasoro en los años 2008 y 2009, con un diseño de bloques al azar con 8 y 3 repeticiones, respectivamente. La evaluación de rendimiento se efectuó en el período 2011/12 a 2013/14, con cosecha mecanizada y recolección con intervalos de 12 a 14 días. Las muestras para calidad sensorial se elaboraron como té negro en microsecadero y se evaluó su calidad de acuerdo a la norma ISO 3103. Los rendimientos promedios de los cultivares TG21103, TG21202 y SG24302 en la localidad de Cerro Azul fueron significativamente superiores al cultivar control (CH14) y similar al control en Gobernador Virasoro, en el período 2010/11 y 2012/13; en tanto el cultivar TG8109, fue significativamente superior al control en ambos sitios para el período 2010/11 y 2013/14. El resto de los cultivares en evaluación resultaron similares o inferiores al control en ambos sitios. Respecto a la calidad sensorial, se mantuvo dentro de las exigencias de los mercados internacionales, con excelente color y adecuada astringencia.This study was carried out to evaluate the yield and sensory quality of 28 new cultivars obtained from the selection in biclonal progenies of the best-known cultivars in the region. Four experiences were set up in the towns of Cerro Azul and Gobernador Virasoro in 2008 and 2009, with a randomized block design and8 and 3 repetitions, respectively. The evaluation of performance was implemented during the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, with mechanized harvesting and period collections with intervals of 12 to 14 days. The samples for sensory quality were elaborated as black tea in miniature tea factories and the quality was evaluated using the standard ISO 3103. The average yields of the cultivars TG21103, TG21202 and SG24302 in Cerro Azul were significantly superior to the control cultivar CH14 and similar to the one in Gobernador Virasoro in the period 2010/11 and 2012/13; while the cultivar TG8109 was significantly superior to the control cultivar in both sites for the period 2010/11 and 2013/14. The yields of the rest of the cultivars were similar or lower to the control cultivar in both sites. Regarding the sensory quality, it remained within the requirements of the international markets, with excellent color and adequate astringency.EEA Cerro AzulFil: Prat Kricun, Sergio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Belingheri, L. D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Kuzdra, Hipólito José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentin

Adolescents with symptomatic laminolysis: report of two cases

Retroisthmic cleft refers to a cleft in the lamina and is rarely reported. It was first described by Brocher, and later Wick et al. proposed the term “laminolysis” to describe the retroisthmic cleft by analogy with the nomenclature of the applied stress fracture of the pars interarticularis (spondylolysis) and the pedicle (pediculolysis). In this paper, we describe two adolescent sports players with symptomatic lumbar laminolysis. Both improved significantly after adequate conservative treatment. Knowledge of laminolysis in adolescent patients with low back pain is necessary to avoid overlooking it and late diagnosis. For correct diagnosis, multidetector three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) is suggested. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also allows detection of inflammation in the defects

A Framework for Multifunctional Green Infrastructure Investment in Camden, NJ

This study demonstrates a decision-support framework for planning Green Infrastructure (GI) systems that maximize urban ecosystem services in Camden, NJ. Seven key ecosystem services are evaluated (urban agriculture expansion, combined sewer overflow reduction, heat island reduction, flooding reduction, capacity building/green jobs expansion, fitness expansion, and stress reduction), to produce a normalized value for each service for each drainage sub-basin within the city. Gaps in ecosystem services are then mapped and utilized to geographically prioritize different kinds of multifunctional GI. Conceptual designs are developed for four site typologies: parks, schools, vacant lots, and brownfield sites. For one demonstration site, additional analysis is presented on urban engagement, life cycle cost reduction, and new sources of funding. What results is an integrated, long-term vision where multifunctional GI systems can be readily customized to meet multiple needs within urban communities. This study provides a portable and replicable framework for leveraging the regulatory requirement to manage stormwater to meet broader urban revitalization goals, all through a decentralized network of green infrastructure assets

Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin- and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype

Region-specific variation in the properties of skeletal adipocytes reveals regulated and constitutive marrow adipose tissues

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulates in diverse clinical conditions but remains poorly understood. Here we show region-specific variation in MAT adipocyte development, regulation, size, lipid composition, gene expression, and genetic determinants. Early MAT formation in mice is conserved, while later development is strain dependent. Proximal, but not distal, MAT is lost with 21-day cold exposure. Rat MAT adipocytes from distal sites have an increased proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids and expression of Scd1/Scd2, Cebpa and Cebpb. Humans also have increased distal marrow fat unsaturation. We define proximal ‘regulated’ MAT (rMAT) as single adipocytes interspersed with active hematopoiesis, whereas distal ‘constitutive’ MAT (cMAT) has low hematopoiesis, contains larger adipocytes, develops earlier, and remains preserved upon systemic challenges. Loss of rMAT occurs in mice with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4, whereas both rMAT and cMAT are preserved in mice with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 3. Consideration of these MAT subpopulations may be important for future studies linking MAT to bone biology, hematopoiesis and whole-body metabolism

Marrow adipose tissue: trimming the fat

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique fat depot, located in the skeleton, that has the potential to contribute to both local and systemic metabolic processes. In this review we highlight several recent conceptual developments pertaining to the origin and function of MAT adipocytes; consider the relationship of MAT to beige, brown, and white adipose depots; explore MAT expansion and turnover in humans and rodents; and discuss future directions for MAT research in the context of endocrine function and metabolic disease. MAT has the potential to exert both local and systemic effects on metabolic homeostasis, skeletal remodeling, hematopoiesis, and development of bone metastases. The diversity of these functions highlights the breadth of MAT’s potential impact on health and disease