3,888 research outputs found
Hypervelocity Stars in the Gaia era. Revisiting the most extreme stars from the MMT survey
The hypervelocity star (HVS) survey conducted at the Multiple Mirror
Telescope (MMT) identified 42 B-type stars in the Galactic halo whose radial
velocity in the Galactic rest-frame exceeds kms. In order
to unravel the nature and origin of those high-velocity outliers, their
complete six-dimensional phase space information is needed. To this end, we
complemented positions and proper motions from the second data release of {\it
Gaia} with revised radial velocities and spectrophotometric distances that are
based on a reanalysis of the available MMT spectra of 40 objects using
state-of-the-art model spectra and a tailored analysis strategy. The resulting
position and velocity vectors for 37 stars were then used as input for a
subsequent kinematic investigation to obtain as complete a picture as possible.
The combination of projected rotational velocity, position in the Kiel diagram,
and kinematic properties suggests that all objects in the sample except two
(B576, B598) are very likely to be main sequence stars. While the available
data are still not precise enough to constrain the place of origin for 19
program stars, we identified eight objects that either come from the outer rim
of the Galactic disk or not from the disk at all, along with ten that
presumably stem from the Galactic disk. For almost all of those 18 targets with
more or less well-constrained spatial origin, the Galactic center (GC) is
disqualified as a possible place of origin. The most notable exception is B576,
the origin of which coincides extremely well with the GC when assuming a blue
horizontal branch (BHB) nature for it. HVS22 is by far the most extreme
object in the sample. Although its origin is completely unconstrained, an
ejection from the GC by the Hills mechanism is the most plausible explanation
for its current Galactic rest-frame velocity of
kms
Worldsheet Instantons and Torsion Curves
We study aspects of worldsheet instantons relevant to a heterotic standard
model. The non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold used admits Z_3 x Z_3
Wilson lines, and a more detailed investigation shows that the homology classes
of curves are H_2(X,Z)=Z^3+Z_3+Z_3. We compute the genus-0 prepotential, this
is the first explicit calculation of the Gromov-Witten invariants of homology
classes with torsion (finite subgroups). In particular, some curve classes
contain only a single instanton. This ensures that the Beasley-Witten
cancellation of instanton contributions cannot happen on this (non-toric)
Calabi-Yau threefold.Comment: 9 pages. To appear in the proceedings of the first Sowers Theoretical
Physics workshop, Virginia Tech, May 200
Borel Degenerations of Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curves in P^3
We investigate Borel ideals on the Hilbert scheme components of
arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) codimension two schemes in P^n. We give a
basic necessary criterion for a Borel ideal to be on such a component. Then
considering ACM curves in P^3 on a quadric we compute in several examples all
the Borel ideals on their Hilbert scheme component. Based on this we conjecture
which Borel ideals are on such a component, and for a range of Borel ideals we
prove that they are on the component.Comment: 20 pages, shorter and more effective versio
SU(2) WZW D-branes and quantized worldvolume U(1) flux on S^2
We discuss possible D-brane configurations on SU(2) group manifolds in the
sigma model approach. When we turn the boundary conditions of the spacetime
fields into the boundary gluing conditions of chiral currents, we find that for
all D-branes except the spherical D2-branes, the gluing matrices R^a_{b} depend
on the fields, so the chiral Kac-Moody symmetry is broken, but conformal
symmetry is maintained. Matching the spherical D2-branes derived from the sigma
model with those from the boundary state approach we obtain a U(1) field
strength that is consistent with flux quantization.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, several corrections (the previous version was not
approved by the first two authors
An Abundance of K3 Fibrations from Polyhedra with Interchangeable Parts
Even a cursory inspection of the Hodge plot associated with Calabi-Yau
threefolds that are hypersurfaces in toric varieties reveals striking
structures. These patterns correspond to webs of elliptic-K3 fibrations whose
mirror images are also elliptic-K3 fibrations. Such manifolds arise from
reflexive polytopes that can be cut into two parts along slices corresponding
to the K3 fibers. Any two half-polytopes over a given slice can be combined
into a reflexive polytope. This fact, together with a remarkable relation on
the additivity of Hodge numbers, explains much of the structure of the observed
patterns.Comment: 30 pages, 15 colour figure
Toric complete intersections and weighted projective space
It has been shown by Batyrev and Borisov that nef partitions of reflexive
polyhedra can be used to construct mirror pairs of complete intersection
Calabi--Yau manifolds in toric ambient spaces. We construct a number of such
spaces and compute their cohomological data. We also discuss the relation of
our results to complete intersections in weighted projective spaces and try to
recover them as special cases of the toric construction. As compared to
hypersurfaces, codimension two more than doubles the number of spectra with
. Alltogether we find 87 new (mirror pairs of) Hodge data, mainly
with .Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX2e, error in Hodge data correcte
DNA Authentication of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Commercial Products Targeting the ITS Region
open access articleThere is considerable potential for the use of DNA barcoding methods to authenticate raw medicinal plant materials, but their application to testing commercial products has been controversial. A simple PCR test targeting species-specific sequences within the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was adapted to screen commercial products for the presence of Hypericum perforatum L. material. DNA differing widely in amount and extent of fragmentation was detected in a number of product types. Two assays were designed to further analyse this DNA using a curated database of selected Hypericum ITS sequences: A qPCR assay based on a species-specific primer pair spanning the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, using synthetic DNA reference standards for DNA quantitation and a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay separately targeting the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. The ability of the assays to detect H. perforatum DNA sequences in processed medicines was investigated. Out of twenty different matrices tested, both assays detected H. perforatum DNA in five samples with more than 103 ITS copies µL−1 DNA extract, whilst the qPCR assay was also able to detect lower levels of DNA in two further samples. The NGS assay confirmed that H. perforatum was the major species in all five positive samples, though trace contaminants were also detected
Heterotic Models from Vector Bundles on Toric Calabi-Yau Manifolds
We systematically approach the construction of heterotic E_8 X E_8 Calabi-Yau
models, based on compact Calabi-Yau three-folds arising from toric geometry and
vector bundles on these manifolds. We focus on a simple class of 101 such
three-folds with smooth ambient spaces, on which we perform an exhaustive scan
and find all positive monad bundles with SU(N), N=3,4,5 structure groups,
subject to the heterotic anomaly cancellation constraint. We find that
anomaly-free positive monads exist on only 11 of these toric three-folds with a
total number of bundles of about 2000. Only 21 of these models, all of them on
three-folds realizable as hypersurfaces in products of projective spaces, allow
for three families of quarks and leptons. We also perform a preliminary scan
over the much larger class of semi-positive monads which leads to about 44000
bundles with 280 of them satisfying the three-family constraint. These 280
models provide a starting point for heterotic model building based on toric
three-folds.Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures. A table modified and a table adde
(0,2) Deformations of Linear Sigma Models
We study (0,2) deformations of a (2,2) supersymmetric gauged linear sigma
model for a Calabi-Yau hypersurface in a Fano toric variety. In the non-linear
sigma model these correspond to some of the holomorphic deformations of the
tangent bundle on the hypersurface. Combinatorial formulas are given for the
number of these deformations, and we show that these numbers are exchanged by
mirror symmetry in a subclass of the models.Comment: 35 pages; uses xy-fig; typos fixed, acknowledgments adde
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