Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

Making Games For Health Engaging: The Influence Of Cognitive Skills

Objective: Serious games for health care are on the rise. These games are thought to be effective because they can provide information in a context that is engaging. However, it is likely that game-based health training is most effective for a subset of people with specific skills, traits, and experiences. Understanding the factors associated with optimum game outcomes will help us better describe the learners for whom they are appropriate. Toward this end, the present study examined specific cognitive skills related to the achievement of flow state while playing a game for health. Materials and Methods: In total, 59 college students were recruited from undergraduate classes to play a game for health and were assessed on levels of mindfulness, cognitive flexibility, and flow state. Results: The results suggest that the effect of cognitive flexibility on flow changes as a function of mindfulness. More specifically, the results suggest that there is a negative relationship between cognitive flexibility and flow in individuals low on mindfulness and a positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and flow in individuals high on mindfulness. Conclusions: Game designers wishing to create effective game-based treatment supplements may wish to implement cognitive flexibility and mindfulness training

Attitudes Toward A Game-Based Approach To Mental Health

Based on preliminary research, game-based treatments appear to be a promising approach to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, attitudes toward this novel approach must be better understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if video game self-efficacy mediates the relationship between expectations and reactions to a game-based treatment for PTSD. Participants played the serious game Walk in My Shoes (Novonics Corp., Orlando, FL) and completed a series of scales to measure attitudes toward the intervention. Video game self-efficacy was found to be a partial mediator of expectancies and reactions. These results suggest that enhancing attitudes via self-efficacy in a clinical setting may maximize treatment effectiveness

High-resolution record of the environmental response to climatic variations during the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in Central Europe: The loess-palaeosol sequence of Dolní Vestonice (Czech Republic)

International audienceHigh-resolution multidisciplinary investigation of key European loess-palaeosols profiles have demonstrated that loess sequences result from rapid and cyclic aeolian sedimentation which is reflected in variations of loess grain size indexes and correlated with Greenland ice-core dust records. This correlation suggests a global connection between North Atlantic and west-European air masses. Herein, we present a revised stratigraphy and a continuous high-resolution record of grain-size, magnetic susceptibility and organic carbon d13C of the famous of Dolní Vestonice (DV) loess sequence in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic. A new set of quartz OSL ages provides a reliable and accurate chronology of the sequence's main pedosedimentary events. The grain size record shows strongly contrasting variations with numerous abrupt coarse-grained events, especially in the upper part of the sequence between ca 20-30 ka. This time period is also characterised by a progressive coarsening of the loess deposits as already observed in other western European sequences. The base of the DV sequence exhibits an exceptionally well-preserved soil complex composed of three chernozem soil horizons and 5 aeolian silt layers (marker silts). This complex is, at present, the most complete record of environmental variations and dust deposition in the European loess belt for the Weichselian Early-glacial period spanning about 110 to 70 ka, allowing correlations with various global palaeoclimatic records. OSL ages combined with sedimentological and palaeopedological observations lead to the conclusion that this soil complex recorded all of the main climatic events expressed in the North GRIP record from Greenland Interstadials (GIS) 25 to 19. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

The loess sequence of Dolní Vestonice, Czech Republic: A new OSL-based chronology of the Last Climatic Cycle

International audienceThe Dolní Vestonice loess section in the Czech Republic is well known for its high-resolution loess-palaeosol sequence of the last interglacial-glacial climatic cycle (Upper Pleistocene). The loess section is situated in a climatic transition zone between oceanic and continental climates and is therefore of great value in reconstructing past regional climate conditions and their interaction with climate systems, in particular that of the North Atlantic. Based on a combination of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, stratigraphic field observations and magnetic susceptibility measurements, a chrono-climatic interpretation of the Dolní Vestonice loess section is presented. To establish a reliable Upper Pleistocene chronology, a quartz OSL approach was applied for equivalent dose (De) determination. Monomineralic quartz extracts of three distinct grain sizes, fine (4-11µm), middle (38-63µm) and coarse (90-200µm), were used and compared. Within error limits, the calculated OSL ages are the same for the different grain sizes, and the OSL ages are in stratigraphic order. The established OSL chronology is in agreement with a Weichselian litho- and pedostratigraphy. The Dolní Vestonice loess section is characterized by four pedosedimentary subsequences. At the base of the profile, subsequence I is characterized by a distinct Early Glacial soil complex, OSL-dated to c. 110 to 70ka, representing one of the most complete records of environmental change in the European loess belt. Subsequence II is allocated to the Lower Pleniglacial and is characterized by laminated sandy loess. Middle Pleniglacial subsequence III is represented by a brown soil complex, and is followed by the uppermost subsequence IV, characterized by a thick body of laminated sandy loess, indicating strong wind activity and a high sedimentation rate of more than ~1mm a-1 during the Upper Pleniglacial. According to the OSL chronology, as well as to the sedimentological and palaeopedological investigations, it is likely that the sequence at Dolní Vestonice has recorded most of the climatic events expressed in the NGRIP d18O reference record between 110 and 70ka. © 2012 The Authors. Boreas © 2012 The Boreas Collegium

Insight into the development of a carbonate platform through a multi-disciplinary approach - A case study from the Upper Devonian slope deposits of Mount Freikofel (Carnic Alps, Austria/Italy)

The development and behavior of Million year-scaled depositional sequences recorded within Palaeozoic carbonate platform has remained poorly examined. Therefore, the understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes that occur in geological past is still limited. We herein undertake a multi-disciplinary approach (sedimentology, conodont biostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry) of a long-term succession in the Carnic Alps which offers new insights into the peculiar evolution of one of the best example of Palaeozoic carbonate platform in Europe. The Freikofel section, located in the central part of the Carnic Alps represents an outstanding succession in a fore-reef setting, extending from the latest Givetian (indet. falsiovalis conodont Zones) to the early Famennian (Lower crepida conodont Zone). Sedimentological analysis allowed to propose a sedimentary model dominated by distal slope and fore-reef slope deposits. The most distal setting is characterized by an autochthonous pelagic sedimentation showing local occurrence of thin-bedded turbiditic deposits. In the fore-reef slope, in a more proximal setting, there is an accumulation of various autochthonous and allochthonous fine- to coarse-grained sediments originated from the interplay of gravity-flow currents derived from the shallow-water and deeper-water area. The temporal evolution of microfacies in the Freikofel section evolves in two main steps corresponding to the Freikofel (Unit 1) and the Pal (Unit 2) Limestones. Distal slope to fore-reef lithologies and associate changes are from base to top of the section: (U1) thick bedded litho- and bioclastic breccia beds with local fining upward sequence and fine-grained mudstone intercalations corresponding, in the fore-reef setting, to the dismantlement of the Eifelian – Frasnian carbonate platform during the early to late Frasnian time (falsiovalis to rhenana superzones) with one of the causes being the Late Givetian major rift pulse; (U2) occurrence of thin-bedded red nodular and cephalopod-bearing limestones with local lithoclastic grainstone intercalations corresponding to a significant deepening of the area and the progressive withdrawal of sedimentary influxes toward the basin, in relation with late Frasnian sea-level rise. Magnetic susceptibility and geochemical analyses were also performed along the Freikofel section and demonstrate the inherent-parallel link existing between variation in magnetic susceptibility values and proxy for terrestrial input. Interpretation of magnetic susceptibility in term of palaeoenvironmental processes reflect that even though distality remains the major parameter influencing magnetic susceptibility values, carbonate production and water agitation also play an important role.Grants IGCP 580 and NAP0017 (DP, ACDS), the FWF P 23775-B17 (TS and EK

Invariants et variabilités dans les sciences cognitives

« Comme toutes les sciences, les sciences cognitives sont confrontées à la variabilité des phénomènes qu'elles étudient, et cherchent à dégager de cette variabilité un ensemble de régularités, d'invariants, sur lesquels ancrer les connaissances. Cette quête d'invariance implique des choix quant aux formes de variabilité à prendre en considération. Certaines, jugées pertinentes pour l'objet d'étude, sont utilisées ou manipulées pour en extraire des invariants, tandis que d'autres, jugées sans importance, sont négligées ou neutralisées. Concernant ces choix, les opinions et les pratiques sont changeantes selon les époques, l'état d'avancement des disciplines ou les courants théoriques au sein d'une même discipline. Des formes de variabilité ignorées à une époque peuvent devenir intéressantes un peu plus tard. Il semble précisément que nous soyons à une époque où le regard porté sur la variabilité évolue, notamment dans les sciences cognitives. La recherche d'universaux a souvent conduit à centrer l'analyse sur les tendances moyennes et à attribuer la variabilité observée autour de ces tendances aux erreurs de mesure ou à des bruits parasites sans grande importance. Or, dans beaucoup de disciplines concernées par la cognition, le rôle reconnu à la variabilité dans les mécanismes adaptatifs et, plus particulièrement, dans les processus d'auto-organisation, conduit à reconsidérer son statut. Cette évolution des idées suscite un regain d'intérêt pour l'étude des différentes formes de variabilité - intra-individuelle, interindividuelle, intergroupes, inter-langues, interculturelles, etc. - et conduit souvent à questionner, repenser, les invariants dans le domaine de la cognition. La recherche de nouvelles formes d'articulation entre les variabilités et les invariants apparaît donc comme un des thèmes émergents autour desquels peuvent se nouer - entre les sciences cognitives - des échanges fructueux aux plans épistémologique, théorique et méthodologique.