3,912 research outputs found
Identifying Behavioral Differences Between People With and Without Previous Cancer Diagnosis
We undertake a study to determine and assess the effects of the statistically significant predictors of the behaviors and notions that are associated with a cancer diagnosis using the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data. We implemented a new and extensive logistic regression modeling using stepwise variable selection and jackknife parameter estimation that identified the best explanatory model. Our results show that age, average time spent watching TV or playing games, usage of sunscreen, fruit intake intent, and the opinion-based variables for behaviors affecting high blood pressure, as well as the participant preference of not knowing the chance of getting cancer are the optimal set of covariates impacting the chance of getting cancer. Moreover, using more sunscreen, and a higher age was associated with increases in the chances of getting cancer. Interestingly, many usually important background covariates such as race, income, gender, geographical location, and others were not significant predictors of the outcome variable of interest. The conclusions of our analysis reveal new insights in the complexity of the behaviors and âattitudesâ associated with a higher chance of a cancer diagnosis and will undoubtedly have important implications on the design and success of future healthcare messages and campaigns
Statistical mechanics of systems with heterogeneous agents: Minority Games
We study analytically a simple game theoretical model of heterogeneous
interacting agents. We show that the stationary state of the system is
described by the ground state of a disordered spin model which is exactly
solvable within the simple replica symmetric ansatz. Such a stationary state
differs from the Nash equilibrium where each agent maximizes her own utility.
The latter turns out to be characterized by a replica symmetry broken
structure. Numerical results fully agree with our analytic findings.Comment: 4 pages, 1 Postscript figure. Revised versio
The Coupling Constant via Light Cone QCD Sum Rules
Using the most general form of the interpolating currents, the coupling
constants and are
calculated within the light cone QCD sum rules approach. It is found that
and
.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Pay What You Want as a Marketing Strategy in Monopolistic and Competitive Markets
Pay What You Want (PWYW) can be an attractive marketing strategy to price discriminate between fair-minded and selfish customers, to fully penetrate a market without giving away the product for free, and to undercut competitors that use posted prices. We report on laboratory experiments that identify causal factors determining the willingness of buyers to pay voluntarily under PWYW. Furthermore, to see how competition affects the viability of PWYW, we implement markets in which a PWYW seller competes with a traditional seller. Finally, we endogenize the market structure and let sellers choose their pricing strategy. The experimental results show that outcome-based social preferences and strategic considerations to keep the seller in the market can explain why and how much buyers pay voluntarily to a PWYW seller. We find that PWYW can be viable in isolation, but it is less successful as a competitive strategy because it does not drive traditional posted-price sellers out of the market. Instead, the existence of a posted-price competitor reduces buyersâ payments and prevents the PWYW seller from fully penetrating the market. If given the choice, the majority of sellers opt for setting a posted price rather than a PWYW pricing. We discuss the implications of these results for the use of PWYW as a marketing strategy
Does timing of decisions in a mixed duopoly matter?
We determine the endogenous order of moves in a mixed pricesetting duopoly. In contrast to the existing literature on mixed oligopolies we establish the payo equivalence of the games with an exogenously given order of moves if the most plausible equilibrium is realized in the market. Hence, in this case it does not matter whether one becomes a leader or a follower. We also establish that replacing a private firm by a public firm in the standard Bertrand-Edgeworth game with capacity constraints increases social welfare and that a pure-strategy equilibrium always exists
Measurement of CP asymmetries in decays
We report measurements of CP violation parameters in
decays based on a data sample of pairs collected
with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider. We
use decays for both mixing-induced and direct
violating asymmetry measurements and decays for the
direct CP violation measurement. The CP violation parameters obtained are and
. The
branching fraction of decay is measured to be
. The observed value
differs by 1.9 standard deviations from the value expected from an isospin sum
rule.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Evidence for a new resonance and search for the Y(4140) in
The process \gamma \gamma \to \phi \jpsi is measured for \phi \jpsi
masses between threshold and 5 GeV/, using a data sample of 825
fb collected with the Belle detector. A narrow peak of
events, with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations
including systematic uncertainty, is observed. The mass and natural width of
the structure (named X(4350)) are measured to be
and
, respectively. The
product of its two-photon decay width and branching fraction to \phi\jpsi is
for , or
for . No
signal for the Y(4140)\to \phi \jpsi structure reported by the CDF
Collaboration in B\to K^+ \phi \jpsi decays is observed, and limits of
\Gamma_{\gamma \gamma}(Y(4140)) \BR(Y(4140)\to\phi \jpsi)<41 \hbox{eV} for
or for are determined at the 90% C.L. This
disfavors the scenario in which the Y(4140) is a molecule.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 112004, 201
Measurement Of |V_ub| From Inclusive Charmless Semileptonic B Decays
We present the partial branching fraction for inclusive charmless
semileptonic B decays and the corresponding value of the CKM matrix element
|Vub|, using a multivariate analysis method to access ~90% of the B -> Xu l nu
phase space. This approach dramatically reduces the theoretical uncertainties
from the b-quark mass and non-perturbative QCD compared to all previous
inclusive measurements. The results are based on a sample of 657 million B
-Bbar pairs collected with the Belle detector. We find that Delta BR(B -> Xu l
nu; p^*B_l>1.0 GeV/c=1.963 x (1 +/- 0.088(stat.) +/- 0.081(sys.)) x 10^-3.
Corresponding values of |Vub| are extracted using several theoretical
calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Published in PR
Evidence for B- -> tau- nu_bar with a Semileptonic Tagging Method
We present a measurement of the decay B- -> tau- nu_bar using a data sample
containing 657 million BB_bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with
the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. A sample of
BB_bar pairs are tagged by reconstructing one B meson decaying
semileptonically. We detect the B- -> tau- nu_bar candidate in the recoil. We
obtain a signal with a significance of 3.6 standard deviations including
systematic uncertainties, and measure the branching fraction to be Br(B- ->
tau- nu_bar) = [1.54+0.38-0.37(stat)+0.29-0.31(syst)]*10^-4. This result
confirms the evidence for B- -> tau- nu_bar obtained in a previous Belle
measurement that used a hadronic B tagging method.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, corrected references, to appear in PRD-R
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