Development of a Sustainable Community‐Based Dental Education Program

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153534/1/jddj002203372011758tb05148x.pd

Dental School and Community Clinic Financial Arrangements

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153602/1/jddj0022033720117510suppltb05194x.pd

Influence of Community‐Based Dental Education on Dental Students’ Preparation and Intent to Treat Underserved Populations

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153622/1/jddj002203372012765tb05286x.pd

Grand challenges in entomology: Priorities for action in the coming decades

Entomology is key to understanding terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic environmental change and offers substantial untapped potential to benefit humanity in a variety of ways, from improving agricultural practices to managing vector-borne diseases and inspiring technological advances. We identified high priority challenges for entomology using an inclusive, open, and democratic four-stage prioritisation approach, conducted among the membership and affiliates (hereafter ‘members’) of the UK-based Royal Entomological Society (RES). A list of 710 challenges was gathered from 189 RES members. Thematic analysis was used to group suggestions, followed by an online vote to determine initial priorities, which were subsequently ranked during an online workshop involving 37 participants. The outcome was a set of 61 priority challenges within four groupings of related themes: (i) ‘Fundamental Research’ (themes: Taxonomy, ‘Blue Skies’ [defined as research ideas without immediate practical application], Methods and Techniques); (ii) ‘Anthropogenic Impacts and Conservation’ (themes: Anthropogenic Impacts, Conservation Options); (iii) ‘Uses, Ecosystem Services and Disservices’ (themes: Ecosystem Benefits, Technology and Resources [use of insects as a resource, or as inspiration], Pests); (iv) ‘Collaboration, Engagement and Training’ (themes: Knowledge Access, Training and Collaboration, Societal Engagement). Priority challenges encompass research questions, funding objectives, new technologies, and priorities for outreach and engagement. Examples include training taxonomists, establishing a global network of insect monitoring sites, understanding the extent of insect declines, exploring roles of cultivated insects in food supply chains, and connecting professional with amateur entomologists. Responses to different challenges could be led by amateur and professional entomologists, at all career stages. Overall, the challenges provide a diverse array of options to inspire and initiate entomological activities and reveal the potential of entomology to contribute to addressing global challenges related to human health and well-being, and environmental change

Grand challenges in entomology: priorities for action in the coming decades

1. Entomology is key to understanding terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic environmental change and offers substantial untapped potential to benefit humanity in a variety of ways, from improving agricultural practices to managing vector-borne diseases and inspiring technological advances. 2. We identified high priority challenges for entomology using an inclusive, open, and democratic four-stage prioritisation approach, conducted among the membership and affiliates (hereafter ‘members’) of the UK-based Royal Entomological Society (RES). 3. A list of 710 challenges was gathered from 189 RES members. Thematic analysis was used to group suggestions, followed by an online vote to determine initial priorities, which were subsequently ranked during an online workshop involving 37 participants. 4. The outcome was a set of 61 priority challenges within four groupings of related themes: (i) ‘Fundamental Research’ (themes: Taxonomy, ‘Blue Skies’ [defined as research ideas without immediate practical application], Methods and Techniques); (ii) ‘Anthropogenic Impacts and Conservation’ (themes: Anthropogenic Impacts, Conservation Options); (iii) ‘Uses, Ecosystem Services and Disservices’ (themes: Ecosystem Benefits, Technology and Resources [use of insects as a resource, or as inspiration], Pests); (iv) ‘Collaboration, Engagement and Training’ (themes: Knowledge Access, Training and Collaboration, Societal Engagement). 5. Priority challenges encompass research questions, funding objectives, new technologies, and priorities for outreach and engagement. Examples include training taxonomists, establishing a global network of insect monitoring sites, understanding the extent of insect declines, exploring roles of cultivated insects in food supply chains, and connecting professional with amateur entomologists. Responses to different challenges could be led by amateur and professional entomologists, at all career stages. 6. Overall, the challenges provide a diverse array of options to inspire and initiate entomological activities and reveal the potential of entomology to contribute to addressing global challenges related to human health and well-being, and environmental change

Grand challenges in entomology: priorities for action in the coming decades

Entomology is key to understanding terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic environmental change and offers substantial untapped potential to benefit humanity in a variety of ways, from improving agricultural practices to managing vector-borne diseases and inspiring technological advances. We identified high priority challenges for entomology using an inclusive, open, and democratic four-stage prioritisation approach, conducted among the membership and affiliates (hereafter ‘members’) of the UK-based Royal Entomological Society (RES). A list of 710 challenges was gathered from 189 RES members. Thematic analysis was used to group suggestions, followed by an online vote to determine initial priorities, which were subsequently ranked during an online workshop involving 37 participants. The outcome was a set of 61 priority challenges within four groupings of related themes: (i) ‘Fundamental Research’ (themes: Taxonomy, ‘Blue Skies’ [defined as research ideas without immediate practical application], Methods and Techniques); (ii) ‘Anthropogenic Impacts and Conservation’ (themes: Anthropogenic Impacts, Conservation Options); (iii) ‘Uses, Ecosystem Services and Disservices’ (themes: Ecosystem Benefits, Technology and Resources [use of insects as a resource, or as inspiration], Pests); (iv) ‘Collaboration, Engagement and Training’ (themes: Knowledge Access, Training and Collaboration, Societal Engagement). Priority challenges encompass research questions, funding objectives, new technologies, and priorities for outreach and engagement. Examples include training taxonomists, establishing a global network of insect monitoring sites, understanding the extent of insect declines, exploring roles of cultivated insects in food supply chains, and connecting professional with amateur entomologists. Responses to different challenges could be led by amateur and professional entomologists, at all career stages. Overall, the challenges provide a diverse array of options to inspire and initiate entomological activities and reveal the potential of entomology to contribute to addressing global challenges related to human health and well-being, and environmental change

The Efficacy of Lapatinib in Metastatic Breast Cancer with HER2 Non-Amplified Primary Tumors and EGFR Positive Circulating Tumor Cells: A Proof-Of-Concept Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides real-time measures of cancer sub-populations with potential for CTC-directed therapeutics. We examined whether lapatinib which binds both HER2 and EGFR could induce depletion of the EGFR-positive pool of CTCs, which may in turn lead to clinical benefits.</p><p>Patients and Methods</p><p>Patients with metastatic breast cancer and HER2 non-amplified primary tumors with EGFR-positive CTCs were recruited and lapatinib 1500 mg daily was administered, in a standard two step phase 2 trial.</p><p>Results</p><p>There were no responses leading to termination at the first analysis with 16 patients recruited out of 43 screened. In 6 out of 14 (43%) individuals eligible for the efficacy analysis, a decrease in CTCs was observed with most of these having a greater decrease in their EGFR-positive CTC pool.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This is one of the first studies of CTC-directed therapeutics and suggests that lapatinib monotherapy is not having any demonstrable clinical effects by reducing the EGFR-positive pool of CTCs in HER2 non-amplified primary tumors. Our attempt to expand the pool of patients eligible for a targeted therapy was unsuccessful; the role of clonal populations in cancer biology and therapeutic strategies to control them will require extensive evaluation in years to come.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>Clinical trials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00820924" target="_blank">NCT00820924</a></p></div

Eight out of fourteen evaluable advanced breast cancer patients demonstrated a consistent or increased quantity of CTCs in 7.5 ml blood following the first cycle of Lapatinib treatment.

<p>Graphs show CTC measurements and EGFR positivity at screening or baseline and at follow-up after Lapatinib treatment in each patient (A – H). Seven patients also showed an increase in EGFR positive CTCs after Lapatinib treatment (B, C, D, E, F, G and H). Serial CTCs were taken with ethical approval (07/Q0401/20) and additional consent.</p

CONSORT 2010 flow diagram for patients enrolled in this study.

<p>CONSORT 2010 flow diagram for patients enrolled in this study.</p

Primary tumor characteristics, prior treatments and CTC screening measurements of patients with advanced breast cancer.

<p>Sixteen patients were recruited to the trial of a daily dose of lapatinib monotherapy. All patients had one or more EGFR positive CTCs. Twelve patients were assessed for HER2 positivity in their CTCs, and of the eleven assessable, ten (91%) had a proportion that were HER2 positive.</p>a<p>Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Status. 0 - Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction, 1-Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature, e.g., light house work, office work, 2 - Ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about more than 50% of waking hours.</p>b<p>IDC – Invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC – Invasive lobular carcinoma, PAP - Papillary.</p>c<p>CTCs present in 7.5 ml blood at screening or baseline as assessed by the CellSearch system.</p><p>NK = not known, the assessment of EGFR on the primary tumor being made according to our published methods <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062543#pone.0062543-Stebbing2" target="_blank">[25]</a>.</p