Eadar Dà Chànan: self-translation, the bilingual edition and modern Scottish gaelic poetry

Self-translation has become a firmly established translation practice in connection with contemporary Scottish Gaelic poetry, so much so that the corpus of contemporary Gaelic poetry might be more realistically understood as referring to a bilingual corpus of Gaelic originals and their English translations provided by the author. This was of course not always the case. Rather, today’s situation has to be seen as the result of a steady development over the past sixty years or so which began with initial attempts by Gaelic authors such as Sorley MacLean (Somhairle MacGill-Eain) and Derick Thomson (Ruaraidh MacThòmais) to enter into a professional dialogue with others involved with literary writing and appreciation in Scotland and beyond. During the 1930s and 1940s, working most intensely towards the publication of his renowned poetry collection Dàin do Eimhir, MacLean had close friends in Hugh MacDiarmid, Douglas Young, Robert Garioch and other influential Scottish poets, all of them highly aware of the importance and potential of the linguistic diversity within Scottish society. As a result, we find some of MacLean’s poetry translated into Scots by his literary friends and colleagues. Dàin do Eimhir, which was finally published in 1943, could well have been published with a selection of Young’s translations into Scots. Eventually, however, a selection of MacLean’s own prose translations into English were printed at the end of the volume. This choice indicates an approach to Gaelic poetry publishing which was to become established over the following half century, namely to be inclusive towards the Anglophone world whilst maintaining authorial authority throughout the publication

Validation of salt intake measurements: comparisons of a food record checklist and spot-urine collection to 24-hour-urine collection.

OBJECTIVE Monitoring population salt intake is operationally and economically challenging. We explored whether a questionnaire assessment and a prediction of Na intake from spot-urine could replace or complement the recommended measurement of Na in 24-hour urine (24hU). DESIGN Compare the agreement of a Na-specific food record checklist (FRCL) and a late afternoon spot-urine measurement (PM-spot) with 24hU measurement in estimating Na intake at group level. Each participant's use of these methods extended over three days. Agreement was assessed using mean (95% CI) differences, linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots. SETTING The validation study was part of a one-year workplace intervention trial to lower salt intake in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS 70 women and 71 men, 21-61 years, completed three FRCLs, and acceptable PM-spot and 24hU samples at baseline (April-October 2015). RESULTS Mean Na intake estimates varied slightly across methods (3.5-3.9 g/d). Mean Na intake differences from 24hU were 0.2 (95% CI 0, 0.5) g/d for FRCL, and 0.4 (95% CI 0.2, 0.6) g/d for PM-spot. Linear regression models and Bland-Altmann plots more clearly depicted differences by sex and discretionary salt use. CONCLUSIONS Although 24hU remains the best reference method for monitoring Na intake at the population level, PM-spot and FRCL might be more practical instruments for frequent, periodic Na intake assessments. Population specific prediction models to estimate 24hU could be developed and evaluated

CSF Surfactant Protein Changes in Preterm Infants After Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Introduction: Surfactant proteins (SP) have been shown to be inherent proteins of the human CNS and are altered during acute and chronic disturbances of CSF circulation. Aim of the study was to examine the changes of surfactant protein concentrations in CSF of preterm babies suffering from intraventricular hemorrhage. Patients and Methods: Consecutive CSF samples of 21 preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHHC) were collected at primary intervention, after 5–10 days and at time of shunt insertion 50 days after hemorrhage. Samples were analyzed for surfactant proteins A, B, C, and G by ELISA assays and the results were compared to 35 hydrocephalus patients (HC) without hemorrhage and 6 newborn control patients. Results and Discussion: Premature patients with IVH showed a significant elevation of surfactant proteins SP-A, C, and G compared to HC and control groups: mean values for the respective groups were SP-A 4.19 vs. 1.08 vs. 0.38 ng/ml. Mean SP-C 3.63 vs. 1.47 vs. 0.48 ng/ml. Mean SP-G 3.86 vs. 0.17 vs. 0.2 ng/ml. SP-A and G concentrations were slowly falling over time without reaching normal values. SP-C levels declined faster following neurosurgical interventions and reached levels comparable to those of hydrocephalus patients without hemorrhage. Conclusion: Intraventricular hemorrhages of premature infants cause posthemorrhagic CSF flow disturbance and are associated with highly significant elevations of surfactant proteins A, C, and G independent of total CSF protein concentrations

A distributed heat pulse sensor network for thermo-hydraulic monitoring of the soil subsurface

Fibre optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used increasingly for environmental monitoring and subsurface characterization. Combined with heating of metal elements embedded within the fibre optic cable, the temperature response of the soil provides valuable information from which soil parameters such as thermal conductivity and soil moisture can be derived at high spatial and temporal resolution, and over long distances. We present a novel active distributed temperature sensing (A-DTS) system and its application to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics in soil thermal conductivity along a recently forested hillslope in Central England, UK. Compared with conventional techniques (needle probe surveys), A-DTS provided values with a similar spread although lower on average. The larger number of measurement points that A-DTS provides at higher spatial and temporal resolutions and the ability to repeat surveys under different meteorological or hydrological conditions allow for a more detailed examination of the spatial and temporal variability of thermal conductivities at the study site. Although system deployment time and costs are higher than with needle probes, A-DTS can be extremely appealing for applications requiring long-term monitoring, at high temporal repeatability, over long (kilometres) distances and with minimum soil disturbance, compared with one-off spatial surveys

Motor, cognitive and mobility deficits in 1000 geriatric patients : protocol of a quantitative observational study before and after routine clinical geriatric treatment – the ComOn-study

© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background: Motor and cognitive deficits and consequently mobility problems are common in geriatric patients. The currently available methods for diagnosis and for the evaluation of treatment in this vulnerable cohort are limited. The aims of the ComOn (COgnitive and Motor interactions in the Older populatioN) study are (i) to define quantitative markers with clinical relevance for motor and cognitive deficits, (ii) to investigate the interaction between both motor and cognitive deficits and (iii) to assess health status as well as treatment outcome of 1000 geriatric inpatients in hospitals of Kiel (Germany), Brescia (Italy), Porto (Portugal), Curitiba (Brazil) and Bochum (Germany). Methods: This is a prospective, explorative observational multi-center study. In addition to the comprehensive geriatric assessment, quantitative measures of reduced mobility and motor and cognitive deficits are performed before and after a two week's inpatient stay. Components of the assessment are mobile technology-based assessments of gait, balance and transfer performance, neuropsychological tests, frailty, sarcopenia, autonomic dysfunction and sensation, and questionnaires to assess behavioral deficits, activities of daily living, quality of life, fear of falling and dysphagia. Structural MRI and an unsupervised 24/7 home assessment of mobility are performed in a subgroup of participants. The study will also investigate the minimal clinically relevant change of the investigated parameters. Discussion: This study will help form a better understanding of symptoms and their complex interactions and treatment effects in a large geriatric cohort.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hybrid Cultures in Medieval Europe

Kulturen sind keine monolithischen Blöcke. Sie sind hybrid, setzen sich also aus Elementen verschiedenster Herkunft zusammen und bringen aus ihnen Neues hervor. Das DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm "Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter" hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Geschichte Europas im Mittelalter vom permanenten Kontakt und Austausch her zu denken und die sich daraus ergebenden Prozesse kultureller Innovationen zu analysieren. Auf einer "International Spring School" im April 2008 präsentierte sich das Schwerpunktprogramm einer breiten wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit. Der Band vereint die dort gehaltenen Vorträge und Workshops. Das Phänomen der Hybridität von Kulturen und die Differenzen der mittelalterlichen Welt zwischen Island und der Levante, zwischen Skandinavien und Nordafrika werden aus den Blickwinkeln verschiedener Disziplinen (Byzantinistik, Skandinavistik, Mediävistik, Germanistik, Kunstgeschichte, Orientalistik, Judaistik, Osteuropäische Geschichte) und Wissenschaftsnationen (Ungarn, Italien, Niederlande, Russland, Frankreich, Israel, Griechenland, USA, Island, Deutschland) beleuchtet

Finding the Poem - Modern Gaelic Verse and the Contact Zone

Rather than "celebrating the joyous carnival of cultural differences", contemporary translation and publication practices dominating the contact zone which is Gaelic verse might well be evidence of bilingualism's "uglier face" resulting in "some kind of double monolingualism." (Grutman 224) This article will argue towards the re-evaluation of translation in this particular contact zone as a site of friction and differences between languages and cultures which is in need of translation and publication practices which resist the illusion of one-to-one equivalence

Finding the Poem - Modern Gaelic Verse and the Contact Zone

Rather than "celebrating the joyous carnival of cultural differences", contemporary translation and publication practices dominating the contact zone which is Gaelic verse might well be evidence of bilingualism's "uglier face" resulting in "some kind of double monolingualism." (Grutman 224) This article will argue towards the re-evaluation of translation in this particular contact zone as a site of friction and differences between languages and cultures which is in need of translation and publication practices which resist the illusion of one-to-one equivalence

'Ball-Sampaill', 'Nuair a smaoineachas mi air na tha do-thuigsinneach' and 'An Tiona'

3 poems in Scottish Gaelic with German translations by Corinna Kraus