Method for Analytical Representation of the Maximum Inaccuracies of Indirectly Measurable Variable

Let us have an indirectly measurable variable which is a function of directly measurable variables. In this survey we present the introduced by us method for analytical representation of its maximum absolute and relative inaccuracy as functions, respectively, of the maximum absolute and of the relative inaccuracies of the directly measurable variables. Our new approach consists of assuming for fixed variables the statistical mean values of the absolute values of the coefficients of influence, respectively, of the absolute and relative inaccuracies of the directly measurable variables in order to determine the analytical form of the maximum absolute and relative inaccuracies of an indirectly measurable variable. Moreover, we give a method for determining the numerical values of the maximum absolute and relative inaccuracies. We define a sample plane of the ideal perfectly accurate experiment and using it we give a universal numerical characteristic – a dimensionless scale for determining the quality (accuracy) of the experiment

Winter activity of the snake-eyed lizard Ophisops elegans (Reptilia: Lacertidae) in the northwesternmost part of its range

There is a lack of information for potential winter activity of the snake-eyed lizard Ophisops elegans in Europe, where it has a limited distribution. To test the hypothesis that this species can be active during the winter months, two locations in Bulgaria were chosen. The visits were conducted in January, February and December 2022 near the village of Meden Buk and in December 2022 above the village of Mezek. A total of 19 individuals of O. elegans were recorded. In addition, we confirmed foraging behaviour based on faecal sample collection. To our knowledge, this is the northernmost record of winter activity in the snake-eyed lizard and the first consecutive observation of year-round activity for this species in Europe

Comment on ``Neutrino masses and mixing angles in a predictive theory of fermion masses''

In the extension of the Dimopoulos--Hall--Raby model of the fermion mass matrices to the neutrino sector, there is an entry in the up-quark and neutrino Dirac mass matrices which can be assumed to arise from the Yukawa coupling of a {\bf 120}, instead of a {\bf 10} or a {\bf 126}, of SO(10). Although this assumption leads to an extra undetermined complex parameter in the model, the resulting lepton mixing matrix exhibits the remarkable feature that the $\nu_{\tau}$ does not mix with the other two neutrinos. Making a reasonable assumption about the extra parameter, we are able to fit the large-mixing-angle MSW solution of the solar-neutrino problem, and we obtain $m_{\nu_{\tau}} \sim 10$ eV, the right mass range to close the Universe. Other possibilities for explaining the solar-neutrino deficit are also discussed.Comment: standard LATEX, 6 pages, 2 figures available from the authors, report No. CMU-HEP93-20 and DOE-ER/40682-4

Radiative Neutrino Masses in a SUSY GUT Model

Radiatively-induced neutrino mass matrix is investigated within the framework of an SU(5) SUSY GUT model. The model has matter fields of three families \bar{5}_{L(+)i}+5_{L(+)i} in addition to the ordinary matter fields \bar{5}_{L(-)i}+10_{L(+)i} and Higgs fields H_{(+)}+\bar{H}_{(0)}, where (+,0,-) denote the transformation properties (\omega^{+1},\omega^0,\omega^{-1}) (\omega^3=+1) under a discrete symmetry Z_3. R-parity violating terms are given by \bar{5}_{L(+)} \bar{5}_{L(+)} 10_{L(+)}, while the Yukawa interactions are given by \bar{H}_{(0)} \bar{5}_{L(-)} 10_{L(+)}, i.e. the \bar{5}-fields in both are different from each other. The Z_3 symmetry is only broken by the terms \bar{5}_{L(+)i}5_{L(+)i} softly, so that the \bar{5}_{L(+)i}\leftrightarrow \bar{5}_{L(-)i} mixings appear at \mu < M_X. Of the R-parity violating terms \bar{5}_{L(+)} \bar{5}_{L(+)} 10_{L(+)}, only the terms (e_L\nu_-\nu_Le_)e_R^c sizably appear at \mu < M_X.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, a typo was correcte

Symmetries and fermion masses

We discuss whether quark, charged lepton and neutrino masses and mixing angles may be related by an extended flavour and family symmetry group. We show that current measurements of all fermion masses and mixing angles are consistent with a combination of an underlying SU(3) family symmetry together with a GUT symmetry such as SO(10). In this the near bi-maximal mixing observed in the neutrino sector is directly related to the small mixing observed in the quark sector, the difference between quark and lepton mixing angles being due to the see-saw mechanism. Using this connection we make a detailed prediction for the lepton mixing angles determining neutrino oscillation phenomena.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure. To be submitted to Nucl. Phys.

Fritzsch Texture in SUSY-SO(10) with Large Neutrino Mixing

Fritzsch's texture is imposed on {\em all} mass matrices in a SUSY-SO(10) via a family $U(1)_{PQ}$ symmetry. The observed charged fermion parameters fix the $\nu$-masses and mixing, while the later are evolved from the GUT scale to low energies using the RG. Large $\sin^2 2{\theta}_{12}$ results. As in a SUSY-GUT no intermediate scale is allowed, the RH-neutrino scale is the unification one and this gives in our model $\Delta m_{12}^2 \approx {10}^{-10} eV^2$, in accordance with the vacuum oscillation solution to the solar-$\nu$ puzzle.Comment: 10 pages (standard LaTeX, 3 figures included as postscript files), WU B 93-1

The Potential for Neutrino Physics at Muon Colliders and Dedicated High Current Muon Storage Rings

Conceptual design studies are underway for muon colliders and other high-current muon storage rings that have the potential to become the first true ``neutrino factories''. Muon decays in long straight sections of the storage rings would produce precisely characterized beams of electron and muon type neutrinos of unprecedented intensity. This article reviews the prospects for these facilities to greatly extend our capabilities for neutrino experiments, largely emphasizing the physics of neutrino interactions.Comment: 107 pages, 16 figures, to be published in Physics Report

Bimaximal Neutrino Mixings from Lopsided Mass Matrices

Current solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation data seem to favor a bimaximal pattern for neutrino mixings where the matrix elements U_{e2} and U_{\mu 3} are of order one, while U_{e3} is much smaller. We show that such a pattern can be obtained quite easily in theories with ``lopsided'' mass matrices for the charged leptons and the down type quarks. A relation connecting the solar and atmospheric neutrino mixing angles is derived, \tan^2\theta_{atm} \simeq 1+ \tan^2\theta_{sol}, which predicts \sin^2 2\theta_{atm} \simeq 0.97 corresponding to the best fit LMA solution for solar neutrinos. Predictive schemes in SO(10) realizing these ideas are presented. A new class of SO(10) models with lopsided mass matrices is found which makes use of an adjoint VEV along the I_{3R} direction, rather than the traditional B-L direction.Comment: 12 pages in LaTeX, no figure

Lower Bound on |U_{e3}|^2 from Single and Double Beta Decay Experiments

We point out under the assumption of Majorana neutrinos that a lower bound on the MNS matrix element |U_{e3}|^2 can be derived by using constraint imposed by neutrinoless double beta decay experiments and by positive detection of neutrino mass by single beta decay experiments. We show that the lower bound exists in a narrow region of the ratio of the observables in these two experiments, _{\beta \beta}/_{\beta}. It means that once the neutrino mass is detected in the bound-sensitive region one must soon observe signal in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.Comment: RevTeX, 15 pages with 6 psfiles; added references, to be published in Phys. Lett.

Large Solar Neutrino Mixing and Radiative Neutrino Mechanism

We find that the presence of a global $L_e-L_\mu-L_\tau$ ($\equiv L^\prime$) symmetry and an $S_2$ permutation symmetry for the $\mu$- and $\tau$-families supplemented by a discrete $Z_4$ symmetry naturally leads to almost maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing and large solar neutrino mixing, which arise, respectively, from type II seesaw mechanism initiated by an $S_2$-symmetric triplet Higgs scalar $s$ with $L^\prime=2$ and from radiative mechanism of the Zee type initiated by two singly charged scalars, an $S_2$-symmetric $h^+$ with $L^\prime=0$ and an $S_2$-antisymmetric $h^{\prime +}$ with $L^\prime=2$. The almost maximal mixing for atmospheric neutrinos is explained by the appearance of the democratic coupling of $s$ to neutrinos ensured by $S_2$ and $Z_4$ while the large mixing for solar neutrinos is explained by the similarity of $h^+$- and $h^{\prime +}$-couplings described by $f^h_+\sim f^h_-$ and $\mu_+\sim\mu_-$, where $f^h_+$ ($f^h_-$) and $\mu_+$ ($\mu_-$) stand for $h^+$ ($h^{\prime +}$)-couplings, respectively, to leptons and to Higgs scalars.Comment: RevTex, 10 pages including one figure. In Ref.[25], the cited page number is correcte