АТРИБУТЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

Transition to innovative economy requires creating a number of new characteristics: presence of economic strategy involving infrastructure creation and reorganization; relevant aim multitude; taking legal and economical action in implementing new resource-saving and ecological technologies. Main problems requiring active solution for innovative economy formation are explained.Переход к инновационной экономике требует создания ряда новых атрибутов: наличия экономической стратегии, предусматривающей создание и реструктуризацию инфраструктуры; соответствующей совокупности целей; принятия мер законодательного и экономического характера по использованию новых ресурсосберегающих и экологичных технологий. Обоснованы основные проблемы, требующие активного решения для формирования инновационной экономики

МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

The topic origin suppositions are shown and investigation domain is appeared too. The economy scientific problem statement is derived and its state is analysed. The complex study apparatus is shown and modelling problem is formulated. The scenario analysis is suggested as base approach in theoretical study. The analogy of risks and expenditures estimation to classic portfolio analysis is established. Estimation of economy reformation efficiency is suggested. Details of economy previous adaptation stage and its necessary institutional support are discussed.Указаны предпосылки возникновения темы, и обозначена область исследования. Приведена постановка научной проблемы экономики и проанализировано ее состояние. Указан аппарат комплексного исследования и сформулирована задача моделирования. В качестве основного подхода в теоретическом исследовании предлагается сценарный анализ. В оценке рисков и затрат установлена аналогия с классическим портфельным анализом. Предложена оценка эффективности процесса реформирования экономики. Обсуждены детали предварительного этапа адаптации экономики и ее необходимая институциональная поддержка

Оценка потенциальных запасов пресной воды в айсбергах

According to the forecast of the global shortage of fresh water it is expected that the global demand for drink‑ ing water will be increased up to 400 km3 per a year. As the main potential resources of drinking water it is proposed to use table Antarctic icebergs. Mathematical and phenomenological models of heat exchange between the icebergs and the environment, and a process of melting of ices floes in the warm sea water are discussed. The ablation processes on the daily and lower surfaces of icebergs at different modes of towing them to points of utilization is analyzed. The most optimal technology is to fill tankers with water taken from the freshwater layer under icebergs, and then subsequent delivery of the water to points of utilization. Using of the phenomenon of fresh-salt stratified Lake Vanda is considered as one of promising technologies of the industrial water production.В условиях растущего потребления пресной питьевой воды актуальны поиски новых её ресурсов. К ним можно отнести Антарктические столовые айсберги и пресно-солёные озёра антарктических оазисов. Приведена модель теплообмена айсбергов с окружающей средой. Показана бесперспективность буксирования айсбергов в пункты их предполагаемой утилизации. Выполнены оценки и расчёты утилизации айсбергов в водах Антарктики, которые доказывают устойчивость этого процесса за счёт эффекта «двойной» диффузии. Рассмотрена также модель использования эффекта пресно-солёного озера Ванда с устойчивой стратификацией плотности вод в поле силы тяжести

Пожарная и промышленная безопасность на предприятиях нефтегазодобывающей отрасли

Работа посвящена анализу теоретических основ обеспечения пожарной безопасности, улучшению практических приемов и методах противопожарной защиты, при повседневной эксплуатации установки подготовки нефти на опасном производственном объекте в области пожарной безопасности. В результате исследования изучены методы эксплуатации установки подготовки нефти на опасном производственном объекте, позволяющие не только предотвратить возникновение аварии или пожара, но и быстро ликвидировать последствия. Противопожарные мероприятия существенно повышают уровень пожарной безопасности своих объектов и снижают потери от пожаров.The work is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of fire safety, improvement of practical techniques and methods of fire protection, in the daily operation of the oil treatment plant at a hazardous production facility in the field of fire safety. As a result of the study, the methods of operation of an oil treatment plant at a dangerous production facility were studied, allowing not only to prevent an accident or fire, but also to quickly eliminate the consequences. Fire-fighting measures significantly increase the level of fire safety of their facilities and reduce losses from fires

An integrated general practice and pharmacy-based intervention to promote the use of appropriate preventive medications among individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for significant morbidity, premature mortality, and economic burden. Despite established evidence that supports the use of preventive medications among patients at high CVD risk, treatment gaps remain. Building on prior evidence and a theoretical framework, a complex intervention has been designed to address these gaps among high-risk, under-treated patients in the Australian primary care setting. This intervention comprises a general practice quality improvement tool incorporating clinical decision support and audit/feedback capabilities; availability of a range of CVD polypills (fixed-dose combinations of two blood pressure lowering agents, a statin ± aspirin) for prescription when appropriate; and access to a pharmacy-based program to support long-term medication adherence and lifestyle modification. Methods: Following a systematic development process, the intervention will be evaluated in a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial including 70 general practices for a median period of 18 months. The 35 general practices in the intervention group will work with a nominated partner pharmacy, whereas those in the control group will provide usual care without access to the intervention tools. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients at high CVD risk who were inadequately treated at baseline who achieve target blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at the study end. The outcomes will be analyzed using data from electronic medical records, utilizing a validated extraction tool. Detailed process and economic evaluations will also be performed. Discussion: The study intends to establish evidence about an intervention that combines technological innovation with team collaboration between patients, pharmacists, and general practitioners (GPs) for CVD prevention. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN1261600023342

Quantification of cAMP and cGMP analogs in intact cells: pitfalls in enzyme immunoassays for cyclic nucleotides

Immunoassays are routinely used as research tools to measure intracellular cAMP and cGMP concentrations. Ideally, this application requires antibodies with high sensitivity and specificity. The present work evaluates the cross-reactivity of commercially available cyclic nucleotide analogs with two non-radioactive and one radioactive cAMP and cGMP immunoassay. Most of the tested cyclic nucleotide analogs showed low degree competition with the antibodies; however, with Rp-cAMPS, 8-Br-cGMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP, a strong cross-reactivity with the corresponding cAMP and cGMP, respectively, immunoassays was observed. The determined EIA-binding constants enabled the measurement of the intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations and revealed a time- and lipophilicity-dependent cell membrane permeability of the compounds in the range of 10–30% of the extracellular applied concentration, thus allowing a more accurate prediction of the intracellular analog levels in a given experiment

Explicit and implicit information needs of people with depression: a qualitative investigation of problems reported on an online depression support forum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Health management is impeded when consumers do not possess adequate knowledge about their illness. At a public health level, consumer knowledge about depression is particularly important because depression is highly prevalent and causes substantial disability and burden. However, currently little is known about the information needs of people with depression. This study aimed to investigate the explicit and implicit information needs of users of an online depression support forum.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A sample of 2680 posts was systematically selected from three discussion forums on an online depression bulletin board (blueboard.anu.edu.au). Data were examined for evidence of requests for information (reflecting explicit needs) and reports of past or current problems (implicit needs). Thematic analysis was conducted using a data-driven inductive approach with the assistance of NVivo 7, and instances of questions and people reporting particular types of problems were recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 134 participants with personal experience of depression contributed to the data analysed. Six broad themes represented participant queries and reported problems: Understanding depression; disclosure and stigma; medication; treatment and services; coping with depression; and comorbid health problems. A variety of specific needs were evident within these broad thematic areas. Some people (n = 46) expressed their information needs by asking direct questions (47 queries) but the majority of needs were expressed implicitly (351 problems) by the 134 participants. The most evident need for information related to coping with depression and its consequences, followed by topics associated with medication, treatment and services.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>People with depression have substantial unmet information needs and require strategies to deal with the difficulties they face. They require access to high quality and relevant online resources and professionals; thus, there is a need to rectify current gaps in the provision of information and limitations of dissemination. Greater knowledge about depression and its treatment is also needed at the general community level.</p

Scholarly publishing depends on peer reviewers

The peer-review crisis is posing a risk to the scholarly peer-reviewed journal system. Journals have to ask many potential peer reviewers to obtain a minimum acceptable number of peers accepting reviewing a manuscript. Several solutions have been suggested to overcome this shortage. From reimbursing for the job, to eliminating pre- publication reviews, one cannot predict which is more dangerous for the future of scholarly publishing. And, why not acknowledging their contribution to the final version of the article published? PubMed created two categories of contributors: authors [AU] and collaborators [IR]. Why not a third category for the peer-reviewer

Genetic Networks of Liver Metabolism Revealed by Integration of Metabolic and Transcriptional Profiling

Although numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing disease-related phenotypes have been detected through gene mapping and positional cloning, identification of the individual gene(s) and molecular pathways leading to those phenotypes is often elusive. One way to improve understanding of genetic architecture is to classify phenotypes in greater depth by including transcriptional and metabolic profiling. In the current study, we have generated and analyzed mRNA expression and metabolic profiles in liver samples obtained in an F2 intercross between the diabetes-resistant C57BL/6 leptinob/ob and the diabetes-susceptible BTBR leptinob/ob mouse strains. This cross, which segregates for genotype and physiological traits, was previously used to identify several diabetes-related QTL. Our current investigation includes microarray analysis of over 40,000 probe sets, plus quantitative mass spectrometry-based measurements of sixty-seven intermediary metabolites in three different classes (amino acids, organic acids, and acyl-carnitines). We show that liver metabolites map to distinct genetic regions, thereby indicating that tissue metabolites are heritable. We also demonstrate that genomic analysis can be integrated with liver mRNA expression and metabolite profiling data to construct causal networks for control of specific metabolic processes in liver. As a proof of principle of the practical significance of this integrative approach, we illustrate the construction of a specific causal network that links gene expression and metabolic changes in the context of glutamate metabolism, and demonstrate its validity by showing that genes in the network respond to changes in glutamine and glutamate availability. Thus, the methods described here have the potential to reveal regulatory networks that contribute to chronic, complex, and highly prevalent diseases and conditions such as obesity and diabetes