Zero Order Correction of Shift-multiplexed Computer Generated Fourier Holograms Recorded in Incoherent Projection Scheme

Application of computer holography methods provides the possibility to obtain the high quality holograms of objects that exist as digital models without the necessity of complex and high precision optical schemes. Computer generated Fourier holograms (CGFH) are widely used for record and optical restoration of relatively simple 2D raster objects. Application of incoherent photolithography methods such as incoherent projection allows the record of CGFHs as micro-holograms onto the photosensitiv medium with desired reduction of hologram sizes using relatively simple optical setup. The reconstruction optical schemes of CGFHs can be implemented in augmented reality displays and optical sight indicators. In this article the specificity of CGFH shift-multiplexed record process and particularly the method of zero order correction is discussed. Keywords: computer generated hologram, Fourier hologram, incoherent projection scheme

On the Nature of Black Holes in Loop Quantum Gravity

A genuine notion of black holes can only be obtained in the fundamental framework of quantum gravity resolving the curvature singularities and giving an account of the statistical mechanical, microscopic degrees of freedom able to explain the black hole thermodynamical properties. As for all quantum systems, a quantum realization of black holes requires an operator algebra of the fundamental observables of the theory which is introduced in this study based on aspects of loop quantum gravity. From the eigenvalue spectra of the quantum operators for the black hole area, charge and angular momentum, it is demonstrated that a strict bound on the extensive parameters, different from the relation arising in classical general relativity, holds, implying that the extremal black hole state can neither be measured nor can its existence be proven. This is, as turns out, a result of the specific form of the chosen angular momentum operator and the corresponding eigenvalue spectrum, or rather the quantum measurement process of angular momentum. Quantum mechanical considerations and the lowest, non-zero eigenvalue of the loop quantum gravity black hole mass spectrum indicate, on the one hand, a physical Planck scale cutoff of the Hawking temperature law and, on the other hand, give upper and lower bounds on the numerical value of the Immirzi parameter. This analysis provides an approximative description of the behavior and the nature of quantum black holes

Collapse of thermal activation in moderately damped Josephson junctions

We study switching current statistics in different moderately damped Josephson junctions: a paradoxical collapse of the thermal activation with increasing temperature is reported and explained by interplay of two conflicting consequences of thermal fluctuations, which can both assist in premature escape and help in retrapping back into the stationary state. We analyze the influence of dissipation on the thermal escape by tuning the damping parameter with a gate voltage, magnetic field, temperature and an in-situ capacitor.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Minimal surfaces and particles in 3-manifolds

We use minimal (or CMC) surfaces to describe 3-dimensional hyperbolic, anti-de Sitter, de Sitter or Minkowski manifolds. We consider whether these manifolds admit ``nice'' foliations and explicit metrics, and whether the space of these metrics has a simple description in terms of Teichm\"uller theory. In the hyperbolic settings both questions have positive answers for a certain subset of the quasi-Fuchsian manifolds: those containing a closed surface with principal curvatures at most 1. We show that this subset is parameterized by an open domain of the cotangent bundle of Teichm\"uller space. These results are extended to ``quasi-Fuchsian'' manifolds with conical singularities along infinite lines, known in the physics literature as ``massive, spin-less particles''. Things work better for globally hyperbolic anti-de Sitter manifolds: the parameterization by the cotangent of Teichm\"uller space works for all manifolds. There is another description of this moduli space as the product two copies of Teichm\"uller space due to Mess. Using the maximal surface description, we propose a new parameterization by two copies of Teichm\"uller space, alternative to that of Mess, and extend all the results to manifolds with conical singularities along time-like lines. Similar results are obtained for de Sitter or Minkowski manifolds. Finally, for all four settings, we show that the symplectic form on the moduli space of 3-manifolds that comes from parameterization by the cotangent bundle of Teichm\"uller space is the same as the 3-dimensional gravity one.Comment: 53 pages, no figure. v2: typos corrected and refs adde

Dissipation-scale fluctuations in the inner region of turbulent channel flow

The statistics of intense energy dissipation events in wall-bounded shear flows are studied using highly resolved direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at three different friction Reynolds numbers. Distributions of the energy dissipation rate and local dissipation scales are computed at various distances from the channel walls, with an emphasis on the behavior of the statistics in the near-wall region. The dependence of characteristic mean and local dissipation scales on wall distance is also examined over the full channel height. Systematic variations in these statistics are found close to the walls due to the anisotropy generated by mean shear and coherent vortical structures. Results near the channel centerline are consistent with those found in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

Discrimination between the superconducting gap and the pseudo-gap in Bi2212 from intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in magnetic field

Intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in high magnetic field ($H$) is used for a direct test of superconducting features in a quasiparticle density of states of high-$T_c$ superconductors. We were able to distinguish with a great clarity two co-existing gaps: (i) the superconducting gap, which closes as $H \to H_{c2}(T)$ and $T\to T_c(H)$, and (ii) the $c$-axis pseudo-gap, which does not change neither with $H$, nor $T$. Strikingly different magnetic field dependencies, together with previously observed different temperature dependencies of the two gaps ~\cite{Krasnov}, speak against the superconducting origin of the pseudo-gap.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figure

Hypothesis of two-dimensional stripe arrangement and its implications for the superconductivity in high-Tc cuprates

The hypothesis that holes doped into high-Tc cuprate superconductors organize themselves in two-dimensional (2D) array of diagonal stripes is discussed, and, on the basis of this hypothesis, a new microscopic model of superconductivity is proposed and solved. The model describes two kinds of hole states localized either inside the stripes or in the antiferromagnetic domains between the stripes. The characteristic energy difference between these two kinds of states is identified with the pseudogap. The superconducting (SC) order parameter predicted by the model has two components, whose phases exhibit a complex dependence on the the center-of-mass coordinate. The model predictions for the tunneling characteristics and for the dependence of the critical temperature on the superfluid density show good quantitative agreement with a number of experiments. The model, in particular, predicts that the SC peaks in the tunneling spectra are asymmetric, only when the ratio of the SC gap to the critical temperature is greater than 4. It is also proposed that, at least in some high-Tc cuprates, there exist two different superconducting states corresponding to the same doping concentration and the same critical temperature. Finally, the checkerboard pattern in the local density of states observed by scanning tunneling microscopy in Bi-2212 is interpreted as coming from the states localized around the centers of stripe elements forming the 2D superstructure.Comment: Text close to the published version. This version is 10 per cent shorter than the previous one. All revisions are mino

Relationship marketing: development of theory and practice

The article studies theory and practice of relationship marketing development based on the study of theoretical models’ evolution that conceptualize relationship marketing to a certain extent, taking it beyond traditional marketing complex. Further development takes place considering modern approaches to building relationships between a supplier of goods and services with consumers and partners in the context of further digitalization and “internetization” of business communications, transformation of CRM into CMR strategies of companies, network forms of business organization development, and transition from a product-centric to a client-centric structure. The prospects for relationship marketing development aimed at overcoming risks of new forms of organization, collaboration of business structures and strengthening their advantages, affirmation of consumer’s role as a direct participant in the creation of consumer value in consumer markets transformation, as well as wide spread of business ecosystems integrating the advantages of virtual business and a network form of organization have been determined, opening new opportunities for expanding collaborative innovations and obtaining a synergistic effect as a result of creating additional consumer value and building long-term multilateral relations