Electric road vehicles - overview, concepts and research at Reutlingen university

The paper details the architecture of fully electrified vehicles as well as their new electronic systems. Examples of up-to-date electrical passenger cars are given. A very important question, that is the environmental foot-print of electrical vehicles compared to conventional ones, is examined. A research project is introduced where a fleet of two-wheeled vehicles is available for day-to-day use. Research on vehicles, software for fleet management and battery range prediction is described.В данной статье привeдены подробные сведения о принципе работы электрифицированных транспортных средств, а также описаны их новые электрические системы. Показан примеры уже существующих электрических пассажирских транспортных средств. Рассмотрено влияние электрифицированного транспорта на окружающую среду в сравнении с обычными видами транспорта. Приведен проект исследований, в рамках которого для ежедневного использования существует парк двух колесных электрифицированных транспортных средств. Описаны исследования, непосредственно связанные с электрифицированным транспортом, определением точного времени разряда батареи, а также программным обеспечением, позволяющим управлять парком таких транспортных средств.У статті наведено докладні відомості щодо принципів роботи електрифікованих транспортних засобів, а також описано їх нові електричні системи. Показано приклади вже існуючих електричних пасажирських транспортних засобів. Розглянуто вплив електрифікованого транспорту на навколишнє середовище у порівнянні із звичайними видами транспорту. На- ведено проект досліджень, у рамках якого існує парк двоколісних електрифікованих транспортних засобів для щоденного використання. Описано дослідження, безпосередньо пов'язані із електрифікованим транспортом, визначенням точного часу розряду батареї, а також програмним забезпеченням, що дозволяє керувати парком таких транспортних засобів

Prototype ultrasonic instrument for quantitative testing

Ultrasonic instrument has been developed for use in quantitative nondestructive evaluation of material defects such as cracks, voids, inclusions, and unbonds. Instrument is provided with standard pulse source and transducer for each frequency range selected and includes integral aids that allow calibration to prescribed standards

A comparison of Aspen and Pine Communities in the Northern Black Hills

Three study areas, each containing an aspen (Populus tremuloides) community, a pine (Pinus ponderosa) community, and a mixed aspen-pine community, were studied during the summers of 1968, 1969, and 1970. Soil chemistry, plant chemistry, overstory density, understory production, and use by whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (Bos taurus) were determined for each community in each study. Pine and aspen communities of one study area were sampled for soil and plant chemistry. Soil phosphate and potassium levels were higher in the aspen community, while soil nitrates were higher in the pine community. Soil pH was similar to the two communities. Plant chemical composition was quite variable from the aspen to the pine community. Vetchling (Lathyrus ochroleucus) had higher levels of phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen in the aspen community than in the pine community, while bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) chemical composition did not change with overstory type. Overstory density, although visually appearing similar, was greatest in the pin communities, intermediate in mixed aspen-pine, and least in the aspen communities, with basal areas (dbh) averaging 180.5, 133.5, and 89.7 square feet per acre, respectively. Understory production was inversely related to overstory density. The greatest production (589 lb./acre air-dried forage) was found under the moderately dense mixed aspen-pine stands, and least production (215 lb.) under the most dense pine stands. Aspen communities appeared to represent better feeding areas for both deer and cattle than mixed aspen-pine or pine communities. However, use by whitetail deer, estimated by pellet group density, was greatest in the mixed aspen-pine communities, intermediate in aspen, and least in the pine communities. Cattle use, estimated by chip density, was greatest in the aspen communities, intermediate in missed aspen-pine, and least in the pine communities

Critical Soft Skills And The Stem Professional

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the implementation of soft skills that are critical to the success, as defined by promotability and long-term career trajectory, of STEM professionals from the perspective of STEM professionals and those with whom they work closely. Participants for the study represented two professional categories, (a) late-career STEM professionals and (b) human resources professionals with experience in succession planning for STEM professionals. These two groups of participants were selected for their experience with the soft skills and capabilities necessary for STEM professional career progression. The primary research question was: What components and activities of identified soft skills are most relevant to the professional STEM setting? The secondary research question was: What soft skills, based on value and applicability, are critical to advancing the success, as defined by promotability and long-term career trajectory, of a STEM professional? Tertiary investigation explored current soft skills development strategies in STEM professionals. The objective was to understand the implementation of soft skills that play a critical role in the promotability of STEM professionals and long-term STEM career trajectories based on the interpretation of the participants’ experiences. The results of the study emanated from two data collection procedures. First, a survey was administered to human resources professionals with succession planning experience for STEM professionals. The survey asked human resources professionals to rank STEM professionals’ implementation of 23 soft skills based on three categories: level of expertise, frequency of use, and career criticality. The survey portion of this study narrowed the vast list of soft skills to eight critical skills: communication/presentation/writing, ethics/inspiring moral trust, flexibility/resilience/adaptability, interpersonal skills, leadership/managing/coaching/mentoring, strategic thinking/problem solving, teamwork, and willingness to learn and accept responsibility for decisions. The survey results provided the focus for the second data collection process: interviews with late-career STEM professionals. The late-career STEM professionals were asked to share their experiences with the implementation of the eight critical soft skills and the role they played in their career success. A crosswalk matrix of the survey and interview results provides a visual representation of the qualitative data collected

Percolation with long-range correlated disorder

Long-range power-law correlated percolation is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain several static and dynamic critical exponents as function of the Hurst exponent $H$ which characterizes the degree of spatial correlation among the occupation of sites. In particular, we study the fractal dimension of the largest cluster and the scaling behavior of the second moment of the cluster size distribution, as well as the complete and accessible perimeters of the largest cluster. Concerning the inner structure and transport properties of the largest cluster, we analyze its shortest path, backbone, red sites, and conductivity. Finally, bridge site growth is also considered. We propose expressions for the functional dependence of the critical exponents on $H$

Benchmarking high fidelity single-shot readout of semiconductor qubits

Determination of qubit initialisation and measurement fidelity is important for the overall performance of a quantum computer. However, the method by which it is calculated in semiconductor qubits varies between experiments. In this paper we present a full theoretical analysis of electronic single-shot readout and describe critical parameters to achieve high fidelity readout. In particular, we derive a model for energy selective state readout based on a charge detector response and examine how to optimise the fidelity by choosing correct experimental parameters. Although we focus on single electron spin readout, the theory presented can be applied to other electronic readout techniques in semiconductors that use a reservoir.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure