Parenting and Adult Development

It is likely that the more engaged a parent is, the more his or her adult development will be affected. Because there is a direct relationship between the degree of investment a person places in any developmental context and the outcome that the context exerts, it has been hypothesized that the developmental impact of parenting is directly related to its cumulative salience in relation to other contexts of development (Palkovitz, 1996). This chapter represents an attempt to summarize pertinent empirical findings, to further refine conceptual constructs, to elaborate upon their interactions and to facilitate understanding of the effects of parenting on adult development

Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease

We identified rare coding variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a 3-stage case-control study of 85,133 subjects. In stage 1, 34,174 samples were genotyped using a whole-exome microarray. In stage 2, we tested associated variants (P<1×10-4) in 35,962 independent samples using de novo genotyping and imputed genotypes. In stage 3, an additional 14,997 samples were used to test the most significant stage 2 associations (P<5×10-8) using imputed genotypes. We observed 3 novel genome-wide significant (GWS) AD associated non-synonymous variants; a protective variant in PLCG2 (rs72824905/p.P522R, P=5.38×10-10, OR=0.68, MAFcases=0.0059, MAFcontrols=0.0093), a risk variant in ABI3 (rs616338/p.S209F, P=4.56×10-10, OR=1.43, MAFcases=0.011, MAFcontrols=0.008), and a novel GWS variant in TREM2 (rs143332484/p.R62H, P=1.55×10-14, OR=1.67, MAFcases=0.0143, MAFcontrols=0.0089), a known AD susceptibility gene. These protein-coding changes are in genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network enriched for previously identified AD risk genes. These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to AD development

Author Correction: Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

1 Pág. Correción errata.In the version of this Article originally published, the surname of author Tina Parkhurst was incorrectly written as Schroeder. This has now been corrected.Peer reviewe

Predictors of observed dyadic father-child engagement

textBased on Hinde’s (1979) perspective on parent-child relationships, this study operationalizes fathering as a dyadic process where both father and child actively contribute to the relationship over time. It further addresses the complexity of the fatherchild relationship as affected by a mix of factors occurring within the family system, and also by community, workplace, and cultural factors. vii Using married resident fathers, their wives, and a target child (all participants in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development), the links between characteristics of the father (childrearing beliefs, discipline strategies, psychological distress, paternal responsibility for childrearing, and job concerns) and characteristics of the child (sex, birth order, temperament, language skills, social skills, and behavior problems) were examined in connection with the quality of observed dyadic father-child engagement when the child was in first grade. Controls for socio-demographic characteristics (parental education, child ethnicity, and non-maternal income) were included. Fathers with less adult-centered childrearing beliefs, as well as those who were satisfied with their wives’ work situation were more engaged in a positive father-child relationship. Children with better expressive and receptive language skills, and children whose fathers perceived them to have better social skills and higher total behavior problems were more likely to have a positive father-child relationship. Two significant interactions showed that the shared relationship was best understood in the context of the dyad and the family. Maternal characteristics (depression, employment, and negative beliefs about maternal employment), the observed quality of dyadic mother-child engagement, and perceptions of marital intimacy were also tested as predictors. Maternal full-time employment was negatively associated with father-child dyadic engagement at first grade, while the quality of the mother-child relationship when the child was 54-monthsold was positively related to positive father-child dyadic engagement. Wives’ viii perceptions of marital intimacy approached significance, but husbands’ perceptions of marital intimacy did not significantly predict the quality of father-child dyadic engagement. Father and child characteristics contributed the greatest amount of variance, followed by maternal employment and dyadic mother-child engagement. All results are discussed using a systemic relational perspective.Human Ecolog

Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

Restoration of degraded drylands is urgently needed to mitigate climate change, reverse desertification and secure livelihoods for the two billion people who live in these areas. Bold global targets have been set for dryland restoration to restore millions of hectares of degraded land. These targets have been questioned as overly ambitious, but without a global evaluation of successes and failures it is impossible to gauge feasibility. Here we examine restoration seeding outcomes across 174 sites on six continents, encompassing 594,065 observations of 671 plant species. Our findings suggest reasons for optimism. Seeding had a positive impact on species presence: in almost a third of all treatments, 100% of species seeded were growing at first monitoring. However, dryland restoration is risky: 17% of projects failed, with no establishment of any seeded species, and consistent declines were found in seeded species as projects matured. Across projects, higher seeding rates and larger seed sizes resulted in a greater probability of recruitment, with further influences on species success including site aridity, taxonomic identity and species life form. Our findings suggest that investigations examining these predictive factors will yield more effective and informed restoration decision-making.6 month embargo; published: 22 July 2021This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]