The role of polymorphism of genes of the I and II phase of xenobiotics biotransformation in the development of recurrent and chronic bronchitis in adolescent-smokers

The purpose of research – to study the role of allelic polymorphism of genes of the I and II phases of xenobiotics biotransformation in the development of reccurent and chronic diseases of the respiratory system in adolescent-smokers. There was carried out molecular-genetic study of  the polymorphic locus Т3801С of gene CYP1A1 and polymorphic locus A313G of gene GSTP1 in adolescent-smokers with recurrent and chronic bronchitis. It is established that TТ genotype of the polymorphic locus Т3801С of gene CYP1A is a marker of resistance to the development of this pathology in adolescent-smokers. The presence of CC genotype of the polymorphic locus Т3801С of gene CYP1A1 and GG genotype of polymorphic locus of A313G GSTP1 gene may be considered as a possible risk factor for the development of chronic inflammatory process in bronchopulmonary system. Thus, the introduction of molecular-genetic methods of research opens up new possibilities in diagnosis of recurrent and chronic diseases of the respiratory system. Based on the analysis of genetic factors in children and adolescents, it will be possible to predict the risk of COPD developing in the future;this will allow doctors to carry out the necessary preventive activities among risk groups

Fitting competing models and evaluation of model parameters of the abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Pulmonata, Valloniidae)

This paper summarizes the mechanisms behind the patterning of the intra-population abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Mьller, 1774). The molluscs were collected in recultivated soil formed on red-brown clays (Pokrov, Ukraine). Data obtained in this study reveal that V. pulchella population abundance ranges from 1 to 13 individuals per 100 g of soil sample. To obtain estimates of the mean, three models were used: the model of the arithmetic mean, the Poisson model and a log-normal model. The arithmetic mean of the occurrence of this species during the study period was 1.84 individuals/sample. Estimation of the average number of molluscs in one sample calculated using the Poisson model is lower and equals 1.40 individuals/sample. The distribution of the number of individuals in a population was described by the graphics "rank – abundance". The individual sample plot sites with molluscs may be regarded as equivalents of individual species in the community. For the analysis, the following models were used: broken sticks model, niche preemption model, log-normal model, Zipf model, and Zipf-Mandelbrot model. Applying the log-normal distribution gives a lower estimate of the mean density at 1.28 individuals/sample. Median value and mode is estimated at 1.00 individuals/sample. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model was shown as the most adequate to describe distribution of the V. pulchella population within the study area. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model belongs to the family of so-called non-Gaussian distributions. This means that the sample statistics do not possess asymptotic properties and by increasing the sample size, they tend to infinity, and are not close to the values of the general population. Therefore, the average value of the random variable that describes the non-Gaussian distribution has no statistical meaning. From an environmental point of view, this means that within the study area the capacity of the habitat is large, and for some combination of environmental conditions the rapid growth of the abundance of a given species is possible

Clinical case of acute chord rupture of the mitral valve posterior leaflet in older patient with comorbidities

The article describes the etiologic role of various factors such as chronic rheumatic heart disease, bacterial endocarditis, aortic valve stenosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, including acute myocardial infarction, degenerative disease of the valves, connective tissue diseases, chest trauma, systemic lupus erythematosus, con-genital heart disease which leading to the mitral valve chords rupture, gives the current classification of the nosology and also features of manifestation and clinical cours

Intra-population spatial structure of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Valloniidae)

ABSTRACT. This paper summarizes the mechanisms behind the patterning of the intra-population spatial arrangement of the land snail Vallonia pulchella in terms of edaphic and vegetation properties. The mol- luscs were collected from a regular grid in recultivated soil (the research station of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Pokrov, Ukraine). As predictors of the snail population abundance, spatial variables were used, as well as edaphic and vegetation indices. It is shown that V. pulchella prefers microsites character- ized by higher soil electrical conductivity, which con- tain larger aggregate fractions with low mechanical im- pedance and the low temperature at the depth of 0-10 cm, with a more developed dead plant layer, low-light and low hygromorph and heliomorph index values of the vegetation

Використання ентропійного аналізу для оцінки розвитку ознак молочної худоби голштинської породи

The article presents the results of research on the evaluation of the development of dairy cattle characteristics in Holstein breed of different selection using entropy-information analysis (EIA). According to the studied indicators of dairy productivity their determinism is low, because there are many factors which influence the development of the signs. The degree of organization and informative content for Holstein breed cows of German and Ukrainian selection in adjacent generations has been established according to the basis characteristics of productivity, reproductive and adaptive ability of animals. The highest level of prevalence was characterized by signs of fat and protein content in milk as in the firstborn Holstein cows of German and Ukrainian breeding. Comparing to mothers, daughters have not only the highest level of informative content, but also have a bigger number of determinism. The probable influence of the «generation» factor was established only on the content of fat in milk. The smallest values of absolute organization the system were characterized by signs, the development of which is largely due to factors of environment. Signs which characterize reproductive and adaptive abilities of cows generally have lower entropy evaluations. This indicates their higher determinism and, consequently, biological importance. Especially it is true for the duration of the dry period in cows of the Holstein breed of German breeding. It is known that it causes physiological processes in the transitional period between two lactations and, accordingly to this, it influences the milk productivity of cows, especially, in the next lactation. Typically, according to the two signs (the duration of the first lactation and the duration of the given-birth period), we determined the probable effect of background (breeding) on the degree of their determinism (in both cases: P < 0.05). At the same time, according to these features in animals of German breeding the level of organization was higher than for Ukrainian selection of cows, regardless of generation. Thus, the use of EIA allows determining the effect of selection on the development of signs in dairy cattle.У статті викладено результати дослідження щодо оцінки розвитку ознак молочної худоби голштинської породи різної селекції з використанням ентропійно-інформаційного аналізу (ЕІА). За оцінюваними показниками молочної продуктивності їхня детермінованість невисока, оскільки на розвиток ознак впливають багато факторів. Встановлено ступінь організованості та інформативності для корів голштинської породи німецької та української селекції суміжних поколінь за ознаками продуктивності, відтворювальної та адаптаційної здатності тварин. Вищим рівнем детермінованості характеризувалися ознаки: вміст жиру і білка в молоці як голштинських корів-перівсток німецької, так й української селекції. Порівняно з матерями у дочок не лише вищий рівень інформативності, а й більша детермінованість цих ознак. Вірогідний вплив фактору «генерація» було встановлено лише для вмісту жиру в молоці. Найменшими значеннями абсолютної організованості системи характеризувалися ознаки, розвиток яких у значній мірі обумовлено факторами середовища. Ознаки, що характеризують відтворювальні та адаптаційні здатності корів, загалом мають нижчі оцінки ентропії, що свідчить про їх вищу детермінованість і відповідно біологічну важливість. Особливо це стосується тривалості сухостійного періоду в корів голштинської породи німецької селекції. Як відомо, він обумовлює фізіологічні процеси у перехідний період між двома лактаціями й відповідно в значній мірі впливає на молочну продуктивність корів, особливо в наступну лактацію.  Характерно, що відносно двох ознак (тривалість першої лактації та тривалість міжотельного періоду) нами було відмічено вірогідний вплив походження (селекції) на ступінь їхньої детермінованості (в обох випадках: Р < 0,05). При цьому, у тварин німецької селекції рівень організованості за цими ознаками був вищим, ніж для корів української селекції, незалежно від генерації. Таким чином, використання ЕІА дозволяє визначити вплив селекції на розвиток ознак молочної худоби