70 research outputs found
Star formation laws and thresholds from ISM structure and turbulence
We present an analytical model of the relation between the surface density of
gas and star formation rate in galaxies and clouds, as a function of the
presence of supersonic turbulence and the associated structure of the
interstellar medium. The model predicts a power-law relation of index 3/2,
flattened under the effects of stellar feedback at high densities or in very
turbulent media, and a break at low surface densities when ISM turbulence
becomes too weak to induce strong compression. This model explains the
diversity of star formation laws and thresholds observed in nearby spirals and
their resolved regions, the Small Magellanic Cloud, high-redshift disks and
starbursting mergers, as well as Galactic molecular clouds. While other models
have proposed interstellar dust content and molecule formation to be key
ingredients to the observed variations of the star formation efficiency, we
demonstrate instead that these variations can be explained by interstellar
medium turbulence and structure in various types of galaxies.Comment: 6 pages, re-submitted to ApJL after referee repor
And yet it flips:connecting galactic spin and the cosmic web
International audienceWe study the spin alignment of galaxies and haloes with respect to filaments and walls of the cosmic web, identified with DisPerSEâ, using the Simbaâsimulation from z = 0 â 2. Massive haloesâ spins are oriented perpendicularly to their closest filamentâs axis and walls, while low-mass haloes tend to have their spins parallel to filaments and in the plane of walls. A similar mass-dependent spin flip is found for galaxies, albeit with a weaker signal particularly at low mass and low-z, suggesting that galaxiesâ spins retain memory of their larger scale environment. Low-z star-forming and rotation-dominated galaxies tend to have spins parallel to nearby filaments, while quiescent and dispersion-dominated galaxies show preferentially perpendicular orientation; the star formation trend can be fully explained by the stellar mass correlation, but the morphology trend cannot. There is a dependence on HI mass, such that high-HI galaxies tend to have parallel spins while low-HI galaxies are perpendicular, suggesting that HI content may trace anisotropic infall more faithfully than the stellar component. Finally, at fixed stellar mass, the strength of spin alignments correlates with the filamentâs density, with parallel alignment for galaxies in high density environments. These findings are consistent with conditional tidal torque theory, and highlight a significant correlation between galactic spin and the larger scale tides that are important e.g., for interpreting weak lensing studies. Simbaâallows us to rule out numerical grid locking as the cause of previously-seen low mass alignment
Decoupling the rotation of stars and gas - I::the relationship with morphology and halo spin
Funding: UK Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) via an PhD studentship (grant number ST/N504427/1).We use a combination of data from the MaNGA survey and MaNGA-like observations in IllustrisTNG100 to determine the prevalence of misalignment between the rotational axes of stars and gas. This census paper outlines the typical characteristics of misaligned galaxies in both observations and simulations to determine their fundamental relationship with morphology and angular momentum. We present a sample of Ë4500 galaxies from MaNGA with kinematic classifications which we use to demonstrate that the prevalence of misalignment is strongly dependent on morphology. The misaligned fraction sharply increases going to earlier morphologies (28 ± 3 per cent of 301 early-type galaxies, 10 ± 1 per cent of 677 lenticulars, and 5.4 ±0.6 per cent of 1634 pure late-type galaxies). For early-types, aligned galaxies are less massive than the misaligned sample whereas this trend reverses for lenticulars and pure late-types. We also find that decoupling depends on group membership for early-types with centrals more likely to be decoupled than satellites. We demonstrate that misaligned galaxies have similar stellar angular momentum to galaxies without gas rotation, much lower than aligned galaxies. Misaligned galaxies also have a lower gas mass than the aligned, indicative that gas loss is a crucial step in decoupling star-gas rotation. Through comparison to a mock MaNGA sample, we find that the strong trends with morphology and angular momentum hold true in IllustrisTNG100. We demonstrate that the lowered angular momentum is, however, not a transient property and that the likelihood of star-gas misalignment at z= 0 is correlated with the spin of the dark matter halo going back to z= 1.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Multi-tracer extension of the halo model:probing quenching and conformity in eBOSS
We develop a new Multi-Tracer Halo Occupation Distribution (\texttt{MTHOD})
framework for the galaxy distribution and apply it to the extended Baryon
Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) final data between . We
obtain a best fit \mthod\, for each tracer and describe the host halo
properties of these galaxies. The mean halo masses for LRGs, ELGs and QSOs are
found to be 1.9 \times 10^{13} \msolaroh, 1.1 \times 10^{12} \msolaroh and
5 \times 10^{12} \msolaroh respectively in the eBOSS data. We use the
\texttt{MTHOD} framework to create mock galaxy catalogues and predict auto- and
cross-correlation functions for all the tracers. Comparing these results with
data, we investigate galactic conformity, the phenomenon whereby the properties
of neighbouring galaxies are mutually correlated in a manner that is not
captured by the basic halo model. We detect \textsl{1-halo} conformity at more
than 3 statistical significance, while obtaining upper limit on
\textsl{2-halo} conformity. We also look at the environmental dependence of the
galaxy quenching efficiency and find that halo mass driven quenching
successfully explains the behaviour in high density regions, but it fails to
describe the quenching efficiency in low density regions. In particular, we
show that the quenching efficiency in low density filaments is higher in the
observed data, as compared to the prediction of the \mthod\ with halo mass
driven quenching. The mock galaxy catalogue constructed in this paper is
publicly available on https://www.roe.ac.uk/~salam/MTHOD/ .Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, the software and mock catalogue should be made
available through: https://www.roe.ac.uk/~salam/MTHOD/ , Accepted for
publication in MNRA
The role of turbulence in star formation laws and thresholds
The Schmidt-Kennicutt relation links the surface densities of gas to the star
formation rate in galaxies. The physical origin of this relation, and in
particular its break, i.e. the transition between an inefficient regime at low
gas surface densities and a main regime at higher densities, remains debated.
Here, we study the physical origin of the star formation relations and breaks
in several low-redshift galaxies, from dwarf irregulars to massive spirals. We
use numerical simulations representative of the Milky Way, the Large and the
Small Magellanic Clouds with parsec up to subparsec resolution, and which
reproduce the observed star formation relations and the relative variations of
the star formation thresholds. We analyze the role of interstellar turbulence,
gas cooling, and geometry in drawing these relations, at 100 pc scale. We
suggest in particular that the existence of a break in the Schmidt- Kennicutt
relation could be linked to the transition from subsonic to supersonic
turbulence and is independent of self-shielding effects. This transition being
connected to the gas thermal properties and thus to the metallicity, the break
is shifted toward high surface densities in metal-poor galaxies, as observed in
dwarf galaxies. Our results suggest that together with the collapse of clouds
under self-gravity, turbulence (injected at galactic scale) can induce the
compression of gas and regulate star formation.Comment: 15 pages, 19 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation with non-Gaussian initial conditions
Collisionless simulations of structure formation with significant local
primordial non-Gaussianities at Mpc scales have shown that a non-Gaussian tail
favouring underdensities, with a negative parameter, can
significantly change the merging history of galaxy-sized dark matter halos,
which then typically assemble later than in vanilla CDM. Moreover,
such a small-scale negative could have interesting consequences
for the cosmological tension. Here, we complement our previous work on
collisionless simulations with new hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy
formation in boxes of 30 Mpc/, using the {\sc RAMSES} code. In particular,
we show that all feedback prescriptions being otherwise identical, simulations
with a negative on small scales, hence forming galaxies
a bit later than in vanilla CDM, allow to form simulated galaxies with
more disky kinematics than in the vanilla case. Therefore, such small-scale
primordial non-Gaussianities could potentially help alleviate, simultaneously,
tensions in cosmology and galaxy formation. These hydrodynamical simulations on
small scales will need to be complemented with larger box simulations with
scale-dependent non-Gaussianities, to statistically confirm these trends and
explore their observational consequences in further detail.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, comments welcome :
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