Abnormal muscle tension as one of the main problems after a stroke

Background: Stroke is a growing problem in an aging society. According to WHO data, it is the second most common cause of death. An increase in the number of strokes causes an increase in the number of patients struggling with its consequences. People who have suffered a stroke are dealing with various neurological defects. One of them is abnormal muscle tension. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: stroke, muscle tension, spasticity. Results: The problem of disturbed tension is common in people who have had a stroke. Spasticity, i.e. increased muscle tone in response to stretching, results from damage to the central nervous system. Direct and indirect methods are used to assess spasticity. In the fight against destroyed muscle tension, it is important to implement treatment as soon as possible. It is based on the use of various forms of therapy: pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy and kinesitherapy treatments as well as specialized rehabilitation methods, such as PNF. The rehabilitation process should be supplemented with appropriate pharmacological treatment. Equally important is the implementation of stroke prevention. These activities are associated with the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, for example, regular exercise and stress reduction. Conclusion: Muscle tension disorder, including spasticity, is a problem affecting many patients who have had a stroke. A timely diagnosis is important to get the right therapy. Treatment should have a holistic dimension and combine different methods. The goal of therapy is to normalize muscle tone and thus improve the patient's quality of life

Sarcopenia as a problem of old age - a form of rehabilitation

Background: Sarkopenia as a disease has relatively recently become the object of research and the work of the academic community. Despite this, sarcopenia is an increasingly serious social problem, it can be seen in a large number of statistics and epidemiological studies. Among geriatric patients, along with their multiformity and the associated use of a large amount of medicines, it causes many negative effects related to the functioning of the whole organism as well as the quality of life of the patient himself. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: sarcopenia, geriatrics, rehabilitation, loss of muscle mass. Results: Among the studies and recommendations concerning sarcopenia, a continuous lack of clear, transparent and confirmed diagnostic criteria can be stated. At the diagnosis of this disease, an X-ray or a bioelectrical impedance analysis is used. Other methods used are functional tests, including a six-minute walk test or "Timed-Up and Go" test (TUG). In the case of rehabilitation of people with sarcopenia, the most effective form of kinesitherapy is individually selected resistive training, which has a positive effect not only on muscle mass growth, but also the body's protein metabolism and the improvement of the endocrine system. Physiotherapy is the most commonly used method of physical therapy, among other methods of rehabilitation there are also therapeutic massage, aqua aerobics, vibratory training, and Nordic Walking and diet supplementation. Conclusions: Sarcopenia in geriatric patients, especially with ineffective treatment and rehabilitation, has a destructive impact on both the physical and mental sphere of the patient. There is a great need for more extensive research, both on the whole disease process and the effectiveness of forms of assistance to patients

Management of stress incontinence in older women

Introduction: Stress incontinence is a problem increasingly affecting older people. This discomfort has an impact on women as a greater extent. Stress urinary incontinence is described as involuntary leakage of urine during even minor efforts: sneezing, coughing, rapid gait. At the beginning inconspicuous loss of a few drops of urine is often not alarming for women. The problem is significant because women often go to a specialist very late and the reason for this is shame. Many people think that this is an accident of old age and it can’t be stopped. Nothing could be more wrong, it can be dealt with. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analysed using keywords: stress incontinence, problems of old age, physiotherapy in urology, older women. Results: The incidence of stress incontinence in women increases with age. The main reason is muscular weakness, which is caused, among other things by pregnancies and labours. Another reason may be hormonal disorders and genetic predisposition. Statistics show that obese women are more likely to suffer from SUI. The progress of medicine and pharmacology is also increasingly effective in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. First, after finding the problem, conservative treatment is introduced. Treatment is adapted to each patient individually. Age, existing diseases, weight are important factors in the process of treatment. In pharmacology Duloxetine is used. The use of this drug does not completely eliminate the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Due to the possibility of side effects i.e. nausea, the drug is used very carefully. In recent years, physiotherapy has been highly valued in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The most important is kinesitherapy here. Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles brings the most beneficial effects. Active exercises are supported by: electrostimulation, magnetotherapy and vibro-therapy. The final form of SUI treatment is surgical treatment. However, this do not always bring the expected results. In order to increase the effectiveness of therapy for patients with SUI, the interdisciplinary cooperation of the medical team should be used. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence primarily leads to improved quality of life for patients. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is a social disease. Women struggle with this problem twice as often than men. Stress incontinence accounts for 63% of all forms of urinary incontinence in women in Poland. The incidence of incontinence increases with age. Problems with stress urinary incontinence become a reason for isolation from society. The patients are not aware of the treatment possibilities, which often results in late inclusion of treatment and rehabilitation. There is a wide range of SUI treatment options. Therefore it is necessary to personalise rehabilitation process to best fit to each patient. Keywords: stress incontinence, problems of old age, physiotherapy in urology, older women

The significant impact of age on the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy : results from the Polish Laparoscopic Appendectomy multicenter large cohort study

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical emergency and can occur at any age. Nearly all of the studies comparing outcomes of appendectomy between younger and older patients set cut-off point at 65 years. In this multicenter observational study, we aimed to compare laparoscopic appendectomy for AA in various groups of patients with particular interest in the elderly and very elderly in comparison to younger adults. Our multicenter observational study of 18 surgical units assessed the outcomes of 4618 laparoscopic appendectomies for AA. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to their age: Group 1- 8 days. Logistic regression models comparing perioperative results of each of the 3 oldest groups compared with the youngest one showed significant differences in odds ratios of symptoms lasting >48hours, presence of complicated appendicitis, perioperative morbidity, conversion rate, prolonged LOS (>8 days). The findings of this study confirm that the outcomes of laparoscopic approach to AA in different age groups are not the same regarding outcomes and the clinical picture. Older patients are at high risk both in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period. The differences are visible already at the age of 40 years old. Since delayed diagnosis and postponed surgery result in the development of complicated appendicitis, more effort should be placed in improving treatment patterns for the elderly and their clinical outcome

Risk factors for serious morbidity, prolonged length of stay and hospital readmission after laparoscopic appendectomy : results from Pol-LA (Polish Laparoscopic Appendectomy) multicenter large cohort study

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for treatment of acute appendicitis has gained acceptance with its considerable benefits over open appendectomy. LA, however, can involve some adverse outcomes: morbidity, prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) and hospital readmission. Identification of predictive factors may help to identify and tailor treatment for patients with higher risk of these adverse events. Our aim was to identify risk factors for serious morbidity, prolonged LOS and hospital readmission after LA. A database compiled information of patients admitted for acute appendicitis from eighteen Polish and German surgical centers. It included factors related to the patient characteristics, peri- and postoperative period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for serious perioperative complications, prolonged LOS, and hospital readmissions in acute appendicitis cases. 4618 laparoscopic appendectomy patients were included. First, although several risk factors for serious perioperative complications (C-D III-V) were found in the univariate analysis, in the multivariate model only the presence of intraoperative adverse events (OR 4.09, 95% CI 1.32-12.65, p = 0.014) and complicated appendicitis (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.74-7.61, p = 0.001) was statistically significant. Second, prolonged LOS was associated with the presence of complicated appendicitis (OR 2.8, 95%CI: 1.53-5.12, p = 0.001), postoperative morbidity (OR 5.01, 95% CI: 2.33-10.75, p < 0.001), conversions (OR 6.48, 95% CI: 3.48-12.08, p < 0.001) and reinterventions after primary procedure (OR 8.79, 95% CI: 3.2-24.14, p < 0.001) in the multivariate model. Third, although several risk factors for hospital readmissions were found in univariate analysis, in the multivariate model only the presence of postoperative complications (OR 10.33, 95% CI: 4.27-25.00), reintervention after primary procedure (OR 5.62, 95% CI: 2.17-14.54), and LA performed by resident (OR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.03-3.70) remained significant. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe procedure associated with low rates of complications, prolonged LOS, and readmissions. Risk factors for these adverse events include complicated appendicitis, postoperative morbidity, conversion, and re-intervention after the primary procedure. Any occurrence of these factors during treatment should alert the healthcare team to identify the patients that require more customized treatment to minimize the risk for adverse outcomes

The Netflix platform as an example of a supplier of audiovisual products : analysis of the Polish translation of the series La Forêt

Niniejsza praca magisterska porusza temat tłumaczenia audiowizualnego, w tym zróżnicowanego nazewnictwa i historii. Duża jej część jest poświęcona platformie Netflix. W rozdziałach dotyczących dostawcy seriali omówiono również wytyczne dla tłumaczy. W części analitycznej zbadany został polski przekład w formie napisów do francuskiego serialu La Forêt przygotowany przez Grzegorza Schillera. Zostały w niej porównane przykłady tłumaczeń odpowiednio pogrupowanych według dziedziny (tablice informacyjne, nazwy miejsc, język potoczny, sens, związki frazeologiczne).In this master’s thesis we talk about audiovisual translation (AVT), its various names and its history. A big part of this work is dedicated to the Netflix platform. The part given to the supplier of the series mentions also the guidelines for translators. The analytical part is dedicated to the analysis of Polish subtitles for the French series La Forêt prepared by Grzegorz Schiller. We compare the examples of the translations by grouping them according to genre (information panels, place names, colloquial language, meaning, idiomatic expressions).Dans notre mémoire de maîtrise nous parlons de la traduction audiovisuelle (TAV), ses diverses appellations et son histoire. Une grande partie de cette travail est consacrée à la plate-forme Netflix. Dans la partie accordée au fournisseur des séries nous voyons aussi les directives pour les traducteurs. La partie analytique est dédiée à l’analyse des sous-titres polonais pour la série française La Forêt préparés par Grzegorz Schiller. Nous comparons les exemples des traductions en les groupant selon genre (panneaux d’information, toponymes, language familier, sens, locutions figées)

Rehabilitation proceedings after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the case of a patient practising Muai Thai - case study

Niniejsza praca oparta jest na analizie rehabilitacji po zerwaniu więzadła krzyżowego przedniego zdiagnozowanego u trenera Muai Thai. Trzydziestosześcioletni sportowiec doznał urazu w trakcie treningu, uszkadzając również częściowo tylny róg łąkotki bocznej.W wyniku prowadzonej przez pięć miesięcy rehabilitacji pacjent powrócił do prowadzenia treningów w klubie sportowym, ciągle jednak uczestniczy w sesjach terapeutycznych, pomagających mu odzyskać pełną stabilność w stawie kolanowym. Celem pracy jest analiza biomechaniki urazu, uwzględniająca specyfikę sportu oraz przeprowadzonego postępowania rehabilitacyjnego, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagina czas, który pozwolił pacjentowi na powrót do treningów. Na podstawie literatury dotyczącej postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego oraz własnej wiedzy i doświadczenia udowodniono zasadność podjętych przez rehabilitanta działań, porównanoje też do opisanych w artykule przykładowych wytycznych dotyczących rehabilitacjipo rekonstrukcji więzadła krzyżowego przedniego.This dissertation is based on the analysis of rehabilitation performed after tearing anterior cruciate ligament, that Muay Thai instructor was diagnosed with. Thirty six years old patient was injured during his training, along with ligament partially tearing his lateral meniscus. After a five months of rehab he was able to carry on with his training sessions in the fight club, yet he still continues to visit a physiotherapist in order to restore full stability in the knee joint. The goal of this dissertation is to analyse the biomechanics of the injury taking into account specifics of Muai Thai , including rehabilitation process and amount of time that was necessary to take on sport activity. Based on literature pertaining to reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament, obtained knowledge and experience the advisability of physiotherapist methods was proved, and compared to exemplary guidelines from the article

Information management models at the websites of Cracow academic libraries

Teza/cel artykułu: Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie modeli zarządzania informacją realizowanych w praktyce zarządzania serwisami WWW bibliotek akademickich. Metody badań: Jako metoda badawcza zastosowane zostało podejście multi-case study. Przeanalizowane zostały procesy zarządzania informacją w serwisach WWW pięciu różnych bibliotek akademickich. Zastosowany został częściowo ustrukturyzowany wywiad z dążeniem do jego pogłębienia. Wyniki i wnioski: Zidentyfikowane zostały dwa dominujące modele zarządzania informacją. Pierwszy – widoczny w mniejszych bibliotekach, w który zaangażowany jest jeden lub dwóch redaktorów, a procesy zarządzania przebiegają szybko, są jednak obarczone ryzykiem błędu. Drugi - widoczny w większych placówkach, gdzie nad serwisem WWW czuwa cały zespół redakcyjny, kontrola treści jest na wyższym poziomie, jednak proces zarządzania jest długotrwały.Thesis/Objective - The article is to identify the models of information management used while managing the websites of academic libraries. Research methods - The multi-case study approach was used to analyze five selected libraries. In addition the author made partly structured interviews and, as a qualitative research method, in-depth interviews. Results/Conclusions – Two dominant models of information management were identified. First was noticed in smaller libraries where only one or two web editors were involved and the processes of information management are running fast, although they are subject to mistake risk. Second was noticed in larger institutions where the website is supervised by a whole team of editors and the content control is on higher level but the whole management process takes much more time

The credibility of information as an element of the knowledge organization

Przedmiotem pracy magisterskiej „Wiarygodność informacji jako element organizacji wiedzy” jest wiarygodność informacji w systemach organizacji wiedzy. Celem pracy jest ustalenie zestawu czynników i kryteriów, które warunkują wiarygodność informacji. Za pomocą metody analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz metodologii jakościowej wykazano, że wiarygodność informacji jest cechą mierzalną i porównywalną. W pracy omówiono także pojęcia, jak: organizacja wiedzy, informacja i wiarygodność. Materiał empiryczny zgromadzono techniką indywidualnego wywiadu pogłębionego. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały istnienie korelacji między posiadaniem przez informację takiej cechy, jak wiarygodność, a umieszczaniem jej w mechanizmach i systemach organizacji wiedzy. Rezultatem pracy jest określenie miejsca wiarygodności w procesie organizacji informacji i wiedzy. Twórcy serwisów tematycznych o kontrolowanej jakości oraz dziedzinowych baz danych w oparciu o wiarygodność informacji organizują zawartość treściową zarządzanych przez siebie serwisów.The subject of the master thesis "The credibility of information as an element of the knowledge organization" is the credibility of the information, used in the knowledge organization systems. The aim of the work is to demonstrate a set of factors and criteria that determine the credibility of the information. Using the methods of analysis and criticism of literature and qualitative methodology it is shown that the reliability of information is the feature, which can be measurable and comparable. The paper discusses concepts such as the knowledge organization, the information and its credibility. The empirical material was gathered, using the technique of in-depth individual interview. The results show a correlation between having the information characteristics such as reliability, and placing her in the mechanisms and systems of knowledge organization. The result of the work is determining the credibility in the process of organization of information and knowledge. The creators of subject gateways and quality-controlled databases draw attention to the reliability of the information, and on this basis, build a way to manage the content of their services

A new biotechnology method of bioelements' accumulation monitoring in in vitro culture of Agaricus bisporus

Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach is one the most popular species of edible mushrooms in the world because of its taste and nutritional properties. In the research, repeatability of accumulation of bioelements and biomass yield in experimentally chosen in vitro culture medium, was confirmed. The in vitro cultures were conducted on the modified Oddoux medium enriched with bioelements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe). The aim of the study was to create an effective method of sampling, which enabled non-invasive monitoring of metals concentrations changes in the medium, during increase of biomass in in vitro cultures. The first, indirect method of sampling was applied. The non-invasive probe (a dipper) for in vitro culture was used; hence, the highest biomass increase and metals accumulation were gained. The method also guaranteed culture sterility. The second method, a direct one, interfered the in vitro culture conditions and growth of mycelium, and as a consequence the lower biomass increase and metals’ accumulation were observed. Few cases of contaminations of mycelium in in vitro cultures were observed. The proposed method of non-invasive sampling of the medium can be used to monitor changes in the concentrations of metals in the medium and their accumulation in the mycelium in natural environment. Changes in concentrations of the selected metals over time, determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry, made it possible to correlate the obtained results with the specific stages of A. bisporus mycelium development and to attempt to explain the mechanism of sampling metals from the liquid substrate