1,226 research outputs found
Understanding and engineering phonon-mediated tunneling into graphene on metal surfaces
Metal-intercalated graphene on Ir(111) exhibits phonon signatures in
inelastic elec- tron tunneling spectroscopy with strengths that depend on the
intercalant. Extraor- dinarily strong graphene phonon signals are observed for
Cs intercalation. Li interca- lation likewise induces clearly discriminable
phonon signatures, albeit less pronounced than observed for Cs. The signal can
be finely tuned by the alkali metal coverage and gradually disappears upon
increasing the junction conductance from tunneling to con- tact ranges. In
contrast to Cs and Li, for Ni-intercalated graphene the phonon signals stay
below the detection limit in all transport ranges. Going beyond the
conventional two-terminal approach, transport calculations provide a
comprehensive understanding of the subtle interplay between the
graphene{electrode coupling and the observation of graphene phonon
spectroscopic signatures
Quantized Conductance of a Single Magnetic Atom
A single Co atom adsorbed on Cu(111) or on ferromagnetic Co islands is
contacted with non-magnetic W or ferromagnetic Ni tips in a scanning tunneling
microscope. When the Co atom bridges two non-magnetic electrodes conductances
of 2e^2/h are found. With two ferromagnetic electrodes a conductance of e^2/h
is observed which may indicate fully spin-polarized transport.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
Two-Mechanism Approach in Thermo-Viscoelasticity with Internal Variables
Two-mechanism (more general: multi-mechanism) models have become an important tool for modeling of complex material behavior. In particular, two-mechanism models have been applied for modeling of ratcheting in metal plasticity as well as of steel behavior in case of phase transformations. The characteristic trait of two-mechanism models is the additive decomposition of the inelastic (i.e., plastic or visco-elastic, e.g.) strain into two parts (sometimes called “mechanisms”) in the case of small deformations. In comparison with rheological models, there is an interaction between these mechanisms allowing to describe important observable effects. We develop a general visco-elastic two-mechanism model in the framework of the internal-variables approach. As a numerical example, we simulate the movement of a rod having a special visco-elastic behavior. An applied periodic stress with nonzero mean value may lead to a ratcheting effect stemming from the coupling of mechanisms
Electric-field control of a single-atom polar bond
The polar covalent bond between a single Au atom terminating the apex of an
atomic force microscope tip and a C atom of graphene on SiC(0001) is exposed to
an external electric field. For one field orientation the Au-C bond is strong
enough to sustain the mechanical load of partially detached graphene, whilst
for the opposite orientation the bond breaks easily. Calculations based on
density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function methods support
the experimental observations by unveiling bond forces that reflect the polar
character of the bond. Field-induced charge transfer between the atomic
orbitals modifies the polarity of the different electronegative reaction
partners and the Au-C bond strength
Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamic fluctuations
We apply the method of invariant manifolds to derive equations of generalized
hydrodynamics from the linearized Boltzmann equation and determine exact
transport coefficients, obeying Green-Kubo formulas. Numerical calculations are
performed in the special case of Maxwell molecules. We investigate, through the
comparison with experimental data and former approaches, the spectrum of
density fluctuations and address the regime of finite Knudsen numbers and
finite frequencies hydrodynamics.Comment: This is a more detailed version of a related paper: I.V. Karlin, M.
Colangeli, M. Kroger, PRL 100 (2008) 214503, arXiv:0801.2932. It contains
comparison between predictions and experiment, in particular. 11 pages, 6
figures, 2 table
Interfacial separation between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces: comparison of experiment with theory
We study the average separation between an elastic solid and a hard solid
with a nominal flat but randomly rough surface, as a function of the squeezing
pressure. We present experimental results for a silicon rubber (PDMS) block
with a flat surface squeezed against an asphalt road surface. The theory shows
that an effective repulse pressure act between the surfaces of the form p
proportional to exp(-u/u0), where u is the average separation between the
surfaces and u0 a constant of order the root-mean-square roughness, in good
agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figure
Two-Site Kondo Effect in Atomic Chains
Linear CoCu_nCo clusters on Cu(111) are fabricated by means of atomic
manipulation. They represent a two-site Kondo system with tunable interaction.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals oscillations of the Kondo temperature
T_K with the number n of Cu atoms for n>=3. Density functional calculations
show that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction mediated by the Cu
chains causes the oscillations. Calculations find ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic interaction for n=1 and 2, respectively. Both interactions
lead to a decrease of T_K as experimentally observed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Extensive and Intimate Association of the Cytoskeleton with Forming Silica in Diatoms: Control over Patterning on the Meso- and Micro-Scale
BACKGROUND: The diatom cell wall, called the frustule, is predominantly made out of silica, in many cases with highly ordered nano- and micro-scale features. Frustules are built intracellularly inside a special compartment, the silica deposition vesicle, or SDV. Molecules such as proteins (silaffins and silacidins) and long chain polyamines have been isolated from the silica and shown to be involved in the control of the silica polymerization. However, we are still unable to explain or reproduce in vitro the complexity of structures formed by diatoms. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING: In this study, using fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, we were able to compare and correlate microtubules and microfilaments with silica structure formed in diversely structured diatom species. The high degree of correlation between silica structure and actin indicates that actin is a major element in the control of the silica morphogenesis at the meso and microscale. Microtubules appear to be involved in the spatial positioning on the mesoscale and strengthening of the SDV. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results reveal the importance of top down control over positioning of and within the SDV during diatom wall formation and open a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of frustule patterning as well as for the understanding of the control of membrane dynamics by the cytoskeleton
Miscibility and nanoparticle diffusion in ionic nanocomposites
We investigate the effect of various spherical nanoparticles in a polymer matrix on dispersion, chain dimensions and entanglements for ionic nanocomposites at dilute and high nanoparticle loading by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The nanoparticle dispersion can be achieved in oligomer matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall configuration of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, can be perturbed at dilute nanoparticle loading by the presence of charged nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticle's diffusivity is reduced due to the electrostatic interactions, in comparison to conventional nanocomposites where the electrostatic interaction is absent. The charged nanoparticles are found to move by a hopping mechanism
From ionic nanoparticle organic hybrids to ionic nanocomposites: structure, dynamics, and properties: a review
Ionic nanoparticle organic hybrids have been the focus of research for almost 20 years, however the substitution of ionic canopy by an ionic-entangled polymer matrix was implemented only recently, and can lead to the formulation of ionic nanocomposites. The functionalization of nanoparticle surface by covalently grafting a charged ligand (corona) interacting electrostatically with the oppositely charged canopy (polymer matrix) can promote the dispersion state and stability which are prerequisites for property “tuning”, polymer reinforcement, and fabrication of high-performance nanocomposites. Different types of nanoparticle, shape (spherical or anisotropic), loading, graft corona, polymer matrix type, charge density, molecular weight, can influence the nanoparticle dispersion state, and can alter the rheological, mechanical, electrical, self-healing, and shape-memory behavior of ionic nanocomposites. Such ionic nanocomposites can offer new properties and design possibilities in comparison to traditional polymer nanocomposites. However, to achieve a technological breakthrough by designing and developing such ionic nanomaterials, a synergy between experiments and simulation methods is necessary in order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry. Although there are a few coarse-grained simulation efforts to disclose the underlying physics, atomistic models and simulations that could shed light on the interphase, effect of polymer and nanoparticle chemistry on behavior, are completely absent
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