AIDS - the plague of the 21st century. Distribution in the Sverdlovsk region. Problems and solutions

In work on the basis of different sources of literature deals with the relevance of the study of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the prevalence of HIV infection in the Sverdlovsk region and solving the problem of a healthy lifestyle, facing educational institutions, society and the state as a wholeВ работе на основании различных источников литературы рассматриваются вопросы актуальности изучения синдрома приобретенного иммунного дефицита, уровня распространенности ВИЧ-инфекции в Свердловской области и проблемы решения здорового образа жизни, стоящие перед образовательными учреждениями, обществом и государством в цело

Structural and magnetic studies of FE100–xCox nanotubes obtaine by template method

Hollow nanostructures based on the Fe100–xCox alloy were synthesized in the pores of polymer template matrices based on PET using the electrochemical deposition method. Morphology, elemental composition, and structural features were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and X-ray diffractometry. The study of the internal magnetic texture was carried out using Mossbauer spectroscopy. The dependence of the change in structural and magnetic properties from the atomic content of components in nanotube structure is revealed. It is established that the synthesized nanostructures are hollow Fe100–xCox nanotubes with a body-centered cubic crystal structure. The decrease in the unit cell parameter with increasing cobalt concentration is due to the difference in the radii of Fe (1.227 Å) and Co (1.191 Å) atoms. It is established that a random distribution of magnetic moments directions of Fe atoms is observed for Fe100Co0 nanotubes. And magnetic texture along the nanotube axis is observed for Fe100–xCox nanotubes, with an increase in Co atoms concentration. The average angle between the direction of the magnetic moment of iron atoms and the nanotube axis decreases from v = 54:6° to v = 24:5°. © 2018, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved

Template synthesis and magnetic characterization of FeNi nanotubes

Iron-nickel nanotubes consisting of 20% Ni and 80% Fe with an aspect ratio of about 100 were synthesized by electrochemical deposition in the pores of polyethylene terephthalate ion-track membranes. The main morphological parameters such as composition, wall thickness and structural characteristics were defined. Macro- and micromagnetic parameters of FeNi nanotubes were determined. © 2017, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved

BRAIN ACTIVITY IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF LIVING AND NON-LIVING OBJECTS

The study participants (N = 13) were presented with a set of 330 images in the form of black silhouettes on a gray background, of which: 156 images of living things (plants, animals, people), and 174 images of non-living things (transport, tools, etc.). It was found that a significant difference (p <. 01) in evoked potentials to such groups of stimuli was observed in the form of a characteristic positive P400 component in the parietal and temporal channels, which manifested itself as a negative component (Nc) in the frontal channels.Участникам исследования (N = 13) предъявлялся набор из 330 изображений в виде черных силуэтов на сером фоне, из них: 156 изображений живого (растения, животные, люди), и 174 — неживого (транспорт, инструменты, посуда и пр.). Обнаружено, что значимое различие (p < .01) в вызванных потенциалах на такие группы стимулов наблюдается в виде характерного позитивного компонента P400 в теменных и височных отведениях, который во фронтальных отведениях проявлялся как негативный компонент (Nc).Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 19-18-00474

Electrochemical behaviour of Ti/Al2O3/Ni nanocomposite material in artificial physiological solution: Prospects for biomedical application

Inorganic-based nanoelements such as nanoparticles (nanodots), nanopillars and nanowires, which have at least one dimension of 100 nm or less, have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. Furthermore, their properties can be varied by controlling such parameters as element shape, size, surface functionalization, and mutual interactions. In this study, Ni-alumina nanocomposite material was synthesized by the dc-Ni electrodeposition into a porous anodic alumina template (PAAT). The structural, morphological, and corrosion properties were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical techniques (linear sweep voltammetry). Template technology was used to obtain Ni nanopillars (NiNPs) in the PAAT nanocomposite. Low corrosion current densities (order of 0.5 μA/cm2) were indicators of this nanocomposite adequate corrosion resistance in artificial physiological solution (0.9% NaCl). A porous anodic alumina template is barely exposed to corrosion and performs protective functions in the composite. The results may be useful for the development of new nanocomposite materials technologies for a variety of biomedical applications including catalysis and nanoelectrodes for sensing and fuel cells. They are also applicable for various therapeutic purposes including targeting, diagnosis, magnetic hyperthermia, and drug delivery. Therefore, it is an ambitious task to research the corrosion resistance of these magnetic nanostructures in simulated body fluid. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationBelarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research, BRFFR: Ф18Д-00720163522Funding: The work was performed with support of State Scientific and Technical Program “Nanotech” (ГБЦ No 20163522), Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (Grant No. Ф18Д-007), Act 211 of Government of Russian Federation (contract No. 02.A03.21.0011). Additionally, the work was partially supported by the Grant of World Federation of Scientists (Geneva, Switzerland)

Study of irradiation temperature effect on change of structural, optical, and strength properties of BeO ceramics when irradiated with Ar8+ and Xe22 heavy ions

This paper presents the results of the study of the effect of irradiation temperature on structural and optical distortions and deformations, as well as the strength properties of BeO ceramics as a result of irradiation with Ar8+ and Xe22+ ions at a radiation dose of 5 × 1013 cm-2. The choice of radiation dose is due to the effect of overlapping defective areas arising along the trajectories of ions in ceramics, which makes it possible to model radiation damage caused by the effect of accumulation as a result of cascade collisions and overlapping damaged areas. The temperature range of 300–1000 K was chosen to simulate different operating conditions, as well as the possibility of simulating partial annealing of defects during irradiation at high temperatures. During the research, it was established that high-temperature radiation reduces influence of size of electronic and nuclear power losses of ions of Ar8+ and Xe22+ with energy of 70 MeV and 231 MeV, respectively, on extent of radiation damage of ceramics of BeO. Irradiation at a temperature of 1000 K results in an equal 14% change in dislocation density for these particles, a comparable decrease in the yield intensity of optically stimulated luminescence by 5% and 15%, as well as microhardness by 25% and 30%, respectively. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP08855828)

A Study on the Applicability of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles as the Basis of Catalysts for the Purification of Aqueous Media from Pollutants

The aim of this work is to evaluate the application of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with spinel structures as the basis of catalysts for the purification of aqueous media from pollutants such as manganese and arsenic. The interest in these catalysts is due to their ease of production and high absorption efficiency, which, together with their magnetic properties, allow the use of nanoparticles for a long time. The sol–gel method, followed by thermal annealing of the samples at different temperatures, was proposed as a method for the synthesis of spinel nanoparticles. The choice of the annealing temperature range of 200–1000◦C is caused by the possibility of estimating changes in the structural properties and the degree of nanoparticles crystallinity. During the study of structural changes in nanoparticles depending on the annealing temperature, it was found that in the temperature range of 200–800◦C, there is an ordering of structural parameters, while for samples obtained at annealing temperatures above 800◦C, there is a partial disorder caused by the agglomeration of nanoparticles with a subsequent increase in their size. According to the results of the studies on the purification of aqueous media from pollutants, it was found that the greatest absorption efficiency belongs to nanoparticles annealed at 500–700◦C, with the purification efficiency of 70–85%, depending on the type of pollutant. The results obtained from the use of nanoparticles as catalysts for the purification of aqueous media show great prospects for their further application on an industrial scale. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Morphology and microstructure evolution of gold nanostructures in the limited volume porous matrices

The modern development of nanotechnology requires the discovery of simple approaches that ensure the controlled formation of functional nanostructures with a predetermined morphology. One of the simplest approaches is the self-assembly of nanostructures. The widespread implementation of self-assembly is limited by the complexity of controlled processes in a large volume where, due to the temperature, ion concentration, and other thermodynamics factors, local changes in diffusion-limited processes may occur, leading to unexpected nanostructure growth. The easiest ways to control the diffusion-limited processes are spatial limitation and localized growth of nanostructures in a porous matrix. In this paper, we propose to apply the method of controlled self-assembly of gold nanostructures in a limited pore volume of a silicon oxide matrix with submicron pore sizes. A detailed study of achieved gold nanostructures’ morphology, microstructure, and surface composition at different formation stages is carried out to understand the peculiarities of realized nanostructures. Based on the obtained results, a mechanism for the growth of gold nanostructures in a limited volume, which can be used for the controlled formation of nanostructures with a predetermined geometry and composition, has been proposed. The results observed in the present study can be useful for the design of plasmonic-active surfaces for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based detection of ultra-low concentration of different chemical or biological analytes, where the size of the localized gold nanostructures is comparable with the spot area of the focused laser beam. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.3.1.5.1Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: К-2018-036, N 211Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, RFFI: 19-32-50058European Commission, ECMinistry of Science and Technology, MOSTFunding: This research was funded by H2020-MSCA-RISE2017-778308-SPINMULTIFILM Project, the scientific– technical program, ‘Technology-SG’ [project number 3.1.5.1], Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST «MISiS» [№ К-2018-036], implemented by a governmental decree dated 16th of March 2013, N 211 and Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations [project number 19-32-50058].Acknowledgments: D.V.Y. greatly acknowledges the World Federation of Scientists National Scholarship Program. E.Yu.K., D.V.Y., V.D.B., and V.S. greatly acknowledge the European Union program Mobility Scheme for Targeted People-to-People-Contacts (MOST) for supporting research visits

Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles for complex targeted delivery and boron neutron capture therapy

Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) and their surface modification with therapeutic substances are of great interest, especially drug delivery for cancer therapy, including boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this paper, we present the results of boron-rich compound (carborane borate) attachment to previously aminated by (3-aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APTMS) iron oxide NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with Attenuated total reflectance accessory (ATR-FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the change of the element content of NPs after modification and formation of new bonds between Fe3O4 NPs and the attached molecules. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed Fe3O4 NPs’ average size of 18.9 nm. Phase parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the magnetic behavior of Fe 3 O 4 NPs was elucidated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The colloidal and chemical stability of NPs was studied using simulated body fluid (phosphate buffer-PBS). Modified NPs have shown excellent stability in PBS (pH = 7.4), characterized by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Biocompatibility was evaluated in-vitro using cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The results show us an increasing of IC50 from 0.110 mg/mL for Fe 3 O 4 NPs to 0.405 mg/mL for Fe 3 O 4 -Carborane NPs. The obtained data confirm the biocompatibility and stability of synthesized NPs and the potential to use them in BNCT. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant No AP05130947 “Setting the stage for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan”) and Nazarbayev University “Social Policy Grant” (project title: “Research and development of the new Nano-Optical Sensor based on Polymer Optical Fiber for Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy”, PI: Kanat Dukenbayev). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST «MISiS» (NoK4-2018-036, P02-2017-2-4), implemented by a governmental degree dated 16th of March 2013, No 211. The work was partially supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0011. This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Government task in SUSU 5.5523.2017/8.9)

Разработка и реализация подхода к определению целей в области качества автопроизводителя по результатам гарантийной эксплуатации автомобилей

Approaches based on such quality management principles as “consumer orientation” and “decision making on the basis of factual data” are of particular importance for the development of Russian automotive industry under current conditions. In order to solve key problems concerning quality and product competitiveness it is necessary to take efficient and substantiated management decisions which are based on a detailed analysis of the results in respect of cars warranty period. Such technology contributes to improvement of quality management processes, creation of opportunities for enhancement of customer satisfaction and sustainable development of carmakers. The paper is updating a problem of development and realization of a new approach to define quality objectives for automotive corporations. Historical analysis has been made in respectof changes in cars quality indicators for one of the leading Russian automakers. The paper presents conventional methodology which is used at enterprises to define quality objectives for new cars being under warranty period. A new approach for determination of target indicators for product quality in automotive industry has been proposed on basis of the analysis of the best practice in organizing process to monitor quality of cars in operation. The approach takes into account a number of indicators of key importance in the formation of product competitiveness of automotive corporations. A common platform has been implemented for development and monitoring of quality objectives for cars in operation. The developed platform meets current and prospwctive tendencies. Application of the platform and its elements in the carmakers practice provides opportunities for harmonious improvement of the quality management system and it is aimed at improvement of product competitiveness.В современных условиях развития российского автопрома особую значимость приобретают подходы, базирующиеся на принципах менеджмента качества «ориентация на потребителя» и «принятие решений, основанных на фактах». Для решения ключевых проблем, связанных с качеством и конкурентоспособностью продукции, крайне необходимы эффективные и обоснованные управленческие действия, базирующиеся в первую очередь на детальном анализе результатов гарантийной эксплуатации автомобилей. Такая технология работы способствует улучшению процессов менеджмента качества, созданию возможностей для повышения удовлетворенности потребителей и устойчивому развитию автопроизводителей. В статье актуализируется проблема разработки и реализации нового подхода к назначению целей в области качества продукции автомобильных корпораций. Проведен исторический анализ изменения показателей качества автомобилей одного из ведущих российских автопроизводителей. Рассматривается традиционная, сложившаяся на предприятиях методология определения целей в области качества по новым автомобилям, находящимся в гарантийной эксплуатации. На основе анализа передового опыта в вопросах организации процесса мониторинга качества автомобилей в эксплуатации предлагается новый подход по определению целевых показателей качества продукции автопрома, который учитывает ряд показателей, имеющих ключевое значение в формировании конкурентоспособности продукции автомобильных корпораций. Разработана и реализована современная, отвечающая текущим и перспективным тенденциям общая платформа процесса разработки и мониторинга целей в области качества автомобилей в эксплуатации. Применение платформы и ее элементов в практике автопроизводителей обеспечивает возможности для гармоничного совершенствования системы менеджмента качества и направлено на повышение конкурентоспособности продукции