200 research outputs found
Specific problems of nursing patients suffering from Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku chorej z zespołem Mayera-Rokitansky'ego-Küstera-Hausera. Scharakteryzowano czynniki etiologiczne, obraz kliniczny, diagnostykę i metody leczenia. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na specyficzne problemy pielęgnacyjne osób z tym zespołem.Introduction. This paper presents a case description of a woman suffering from Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome. The etiological factors, the clinical presentation as well as the diagnostics and methods of treatment were scrutinized in this paper. Special attention was devoted to specific problems of nursing patients suffering from that syndrome
The relationship between the dimensions of the right coronary artery and the type of coronary vasculature in human foetuses
Background: The area of vascular supply of particular coronary arteries is directly
linked to the varying typology of the coronary vasculature. This factor
may have a significant influence on the coronary vessel diameters. To date
there has been no published research that analyses the relationship between
the type of coronary vasculature and the dimensions of the epicardial arteries
in the human foetus. There are only a few papers that deal with this issue in
the postnatal period of human life.
Material and methods: The study was carried out on a group of 187 human foetuses
aged five to seven months of intrauterine life. Prior to examination all foetuses
had been conserved in a 9% formaldehyde solution for a minimum of three months.
All foetuses had been aborted naturally. None of them had any external signs of
malformations or developmental abnormalities. The number of foetuses in the particular
age groups was variable. Adachi/Bianchi classification was used to categorize
the particular vasculature types: type I - classic, neither artery is dominating; type II
- dominant right coronary artery; type III - dominant left coronary artery.
Results and conclusions: The analysis of differences between the artery dimensions
in particular types of coronary vasculature revealed that such differences
existed between types I and II and also between types II and III. (Folia
Morphol 2011; 70, 1: 13-17
The topographical anatomy of the round window and related structures for the purpose of cochlear implant surgery
The treatment of total deafness using a cochlear implant has now become
a routine medical procedure. The tendency to expand the audiological indications
for cochlear stimulation and to preserve the remnants of hearing has brought
new problems. The authors have studied the topographical anatomy of the internal
structures of the ear in the area where cochleostomy is usually performed
and an implant electrode inserted.
Ten human temporal bones were obtained from cadavers and prepared in
a formalin stain. After dissection of the bone in the area of round and oval
windows, the following diameters were measured using a microscope with
a scale: the transverse diameters of the cochlear and vestibular scalae at the
level of the centre of the round window and 0.5 mm anteriorly to the round
window, the distance between the windows and the distances from the end of
the spiral lamina to the centre of the round window and to its anterior margin.
The width of the cochlear scala at the level of the round window was 1.23 mm,
and 0.5 mm anteriorly to the round window membrane it was 1.24 mm. The
corresponding diameters for the vestibular scala are 1.34 and 1.27 mm. The
distances from the end of the spiral lamina to the centre of the round window
and to its anterior margin are 1.26 and 2.06 respectively. The authors noted
that the two methods of electrode insertion show a difference of 2 mm in the
length of the stimulated spiral lamina. The average total length of the unstimulated
lamina is 2.06 and 4.06 in the two situations respectively
Modern Solutions in Selected Tourist Facilities in Rural Areas of North-Eastern Poland
The aim of the publication is to present modern solutions introduced in selected specialised tourist facilities in the North-Eastern Poland. Description of facilities was based on the following criteria: [Boguszewicz-Kreft 2015] modernity, diversity, prestige and quality. To achieve this, the author applied a monographic method, field research – participant observation, and interview. The field research was performed during study and educational visits in 2014-2015, while interviews – in 2016. Description of modern solutions covers 6 facilities located in rural areas with the following prevailing functions: health protection, education and sport, preservation of tradition, specialised functions. On the basis of gathered data, it was possible to assess the quantity and popularity of modern solutions in selected facilities in rural areas
The initial zones of the atrioventricular node: really neglected anatomical features of potential clinical significance?
The constant evolution of medical knowledge and accompanying development
of diagnostic and treatment possibilities for arrhythmias and conduction disturbances
has reawakened interest in the structure and function of the conduction
system of the human heart, especially in the region of the atrioventricular (AV)
junction and within the junction itself. Of the large number of studies dealing
with the AV junction few focus on the initial zones of the AV node. These were
described for the first time by Tawara in 1906. Similarly, Anderson et al. distinguished
two origins of the AV node, the left one running towards the basis of
the mitral valve and the right one leading towards the tricuspid valve. The differences
in length and scale could be the result of the adoption of different reference
points.
The study was carried out on the material of 50 human hearts, of both sexes
and ranging in age from 22 to 93, which were fixed in 10% formalin and 98%
ethanol solution. The tissue obtained was fixed in the 10% formalin solution
and, after being sunk in the paraffin, was cut into layers of about 10 μm thick.
According to the age of the hearts, every 10th or 6th section was stained by the
Masson-Goldner method. The preparations were examined under a LEICA 2000
and BIOLAR 2 microscope at magnifications of 2× to 400×.
Each of the 50 examined hearts contained the atrioventricular node and its initial
parts. We observed that the initial zone of the AV node is created by an
assembly of cells typical for a conduction system that can create three groups
that are initially independent of each other and are always arranged around the
AV nodal artery. In all the hearts examined we found at least two initial parts of
the node: the superior and inferior. These two groups were present in 45 hearts
(90%). In the last 5 cases (10%) there was also a middle group. No cases were
found either with a single initial group or without any initial groups. In the
sections examined the superior group appeared to be first in 27 hearts (54%),
while in 23 cases (46%) the inferior group was first. The length of each group
was measured from its first appearance to its first direct contact with the second
part. The length of the superior part varied from 0.15 to 2.91 mm (mean 0.90 ± 0.6 mm), the inferior from 0.11 to 2.41 mm (mean 0.88 ± 0.6 mm) and the middle from 0.67 to 2.21 mm (mean 1.04 ± 0.7 mm). As mentioned above, in
all 50 hearts there was a direct connection between the atrial muscle and the
upper origin of AV node. Furthermore, in all sections (100%) the same part of
the interatrial septal muscle was connected to the compact part of the node.
Additionally, in 3 cases (6%) we were able to observe direct connections between
the muscle fibres running from the fasciculus limbicus inferior to the
initial zone of the AV node: in 2 cases (4%) with the superior group and in
1 case (2%) with the inferior group. In 8% of the material the atrial muscle of
the supra-orificial zone made direct contact with the superior initial group and
the compact zone of the node and in 10% there was contact between the
suborificial muscle and the inferior group and the compact part of the node.
This configuration was not observed in relation to the middle and inferior groups
Natural radioactivity content in groundwater of Mt. Etna’s eastern flank and gamma background of surrounding rocks
Waters of Mt. Etna are the main source of drinking water for the local
population and are also distributed in municipal supply systems to neighbouring
areas. Radioactivity in underground waters and surrounding
rocks from the eastern flank of Mt. Etna was investigated on the basis of
9 water and 8 rock samples from 12 localities altogether. Three samples
were from water drainage galleries and six from water wells. All water intakes
are used for consumption. Activity concentration of uranium isotopes
234,238U, radium isotopes 226,228Ra and radon 222Rn were
determined with the use different nuclear spectrometry techniques. The
determination of uranium isotopes was carried out with the use of alpha
spectrometry. The measurements of radium and radon activity concentration
in water were performed with the use of a liquid scintillation technique.
Additionally, rocks surrounding the intakes were examined with
gamma spectrometry. All water samples showed uranium concentration
above Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA), with the highest total uranium
(234U + 238U) activity concentration equal to 149.2±6 mBq/L.
Conversely, all samples showed radium isotopes activity concentrations
below MDA. Radon activity concentration was within the range from
2.91±0.36 to 21.21±1.10 Bq/L, hence these waters can be classified as
low-radon waters. Gamma natural background of the rocks surrounding
the water sampling sites was found on the same levels as other volcanic
rocks of Italy
The self-care of diabetics : the role of a nurse
Chorzy na cukrzycę powinni stać się samowystarczalni w zakresie kontroli stężenia glukozy we krwi oraz wstrzyknięć insuliny do tkanki podskórnej. Posiadanie tych umiejętności nie uzależnia ich od innych osób. Stawiają się w komfortowej sytuacji, jaką jest zdolność do samoopieki. Wychodząc naprzeciw tej tezie autorzy omawiają korzystanie ze strzykawki do wstrzyknięć insuliny, charakteryzują obsługę automatycznych wstrzykiwaczy ( PEN-ów). Przedstawiają także nowoczesne rozwiązania techniczne stosowane w leczeniu chorych na cukrzycę insulinozależną.Diabetics should become self-sufficient as far as controlling their glucose level and injecting insulin to the subcutaneous tissue are concerned. Having these skill makes them independent from the help of others. It puts them in a convenient position of being capable of self-care. With the intention of exploring this matter, the authors discuss using the syringe to inject insulin and characterize the use of automatic injectors (pens). They also present modern technological solutions used for treating the insulin-dependent diabetics
- …