Katecheza i liturgia: w kierunku odnowy

Katecheza nie jest wprost liturgią, a liturgia nie jest katechezą w pełnym tego słowa znaczeniu. Nie można jednak tych dwóch rzeczywistości oddzielić, ponieważ istnieje silny związek między katechezą i liturgią. Liturgia jest wypełnieniem katechezy, a katecheza potrzebuje liturgii. I chociaż katecheza jest w służbie liturgii, a liturgia jest wypełnieniem dla katechezy, to ich wzajemna relacja jest nierozerwalna

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Approach to Spirocyclic Δβ,γ-Butenolides

A novel method for the preparation of the spirocyclic Δβ,γ-butenolides is presented. The developed strategy is based on a trienamine-mediated [4+2]-cycloaddition between (E)-3-alkylidene- 5-arylfuran-2(3H)-ones and 2,4-dienals. Target products containing three contiguous centres including one quaternary are efficiently formed in a highly enantiomerically enriched form in the presence of the silyl-protected diphenylprolinol aminocatalyst

Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a new microorganism strain colonizing high-density polyethylene as a key step to its biodegradation

This study presents results of research on isolation new bacteria strain Achromobacter xylosoxidans able to effect on the structure of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polymer resistant to degradation in environment. New strain of A. xylosoxidans PE-1 was isolated from the soil and identified by analysis of the 16S ribosome subunit coding sequences. The substance to be degraded was HDPE in the form of thin foil films. The foil samples were analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results revealed degradation of chemical structure of HDPE. About 9 % loss of weight was also detected as a result of A. xylosoxidans PE-1 effect on HDPE foil. On the basis of comparative spectral analysis of the raw material before the bacteria treatment and the spectrum from a spectra database, it was assumed that the HDPE was the only source of carbon and energy for the microorganisms. No fillers or other additives used in the plastic processing were observed in HDPE before experiments. This is the first communication showing that A. xylosoxidans is able to modify chemical structure of HDPE, what was observed both on FTIR, in mass reduction of HDPE and SEM analysis. We also observed quite good growth of the bacteria also when the HDPE was the sole carbon source in the medium. These results prove that A. xylosoxidans is an organism worth applying in future HDPE biodegradation studies

Quality of Eggplant Fruits in Relation to Growing Medium Used in Greenhouse Cultivation and to a Cultivar

The objective of this study was to examine sensory quality and physical traits of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits in relation to growing medium used in greenhouse cultivation. Eggplants were grown in a greenhouse with controlled climate and drip fertilizing system, in the three different mediums: coconut fiber, wood fiber (environment friendly mediums) and rockwool (standard horticultural medium). Cultivars used in the experiment were: Scorpio, Oscar, Tango and DRA 2086. Fruits were harvested in June, at optimal maturity. Sensory quality of roasted fruits was analyzed in the panel of 12 experts using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The set of 19 descriptors of quality plus overall quality were evaluated. Fruit colour was measured with HunterLab colorimeter, using CIE L*a*b* system. Fruit firmness was measured with HPE II durometer, and puncture load with a penetrometer. Results showed that growing mediums influenced some sensory traits, but genotype showed stronger influence on the quality of fruits. Physical traits of fruits were low related to growing mediums, but more to genotype. All the three growing mediums showed their suitability for eggplant cultivation in respect of quality of the fruits

Plantacje nasienne drzew leśnych w Polsce

Lasy zagospodarowane przez leśników są miejscem wypoczynku, pełnią rozliczne funkcje ochronne i społeczne, lecz są również źródłem produkcji drewna i innych użytków. Zapewnienie trwałości użytkowania drewna jest powiązane nierozerwalnie z rozpoznaniem i ulepszaniem wartości genetycznej i hodowlanej drzew leśnych oraz z jakością wytwarzanego i użytkowanego surowca drzewnego. Podstawowym narzędziem realizacji tych zadań jest hodowla selekcyjna drzew leśnych, a jednym z kluczowych ogniw łańcucha prac selekcyjnych są plantacje nasienne. W przeglądowym artykule zaprezentowano stan plantacji nasiennych w Polsce i ich grupowanie według znaczenia dla gospodarki leśnej. Prezentujemy fakty historyczne dotyczące powstania idei plantacji i jej realizacji w leśnej praktyce hodowlanej. Gospodarując na plantacjach z jednej strony dbamy o zmienność genetyczną, a z drugiej strony staramy się uzyskać jak największy zysk genetyczny. Są one efektywne i ekonomicznie opłacalne, w porównaniu do tego, jakie zadanie mają do wypełnienia w leśnictwie. Jak wynika z analiz ekonomicznych zwiększenie kosztów produkcji sadzonek, w związku z użyciem nasion z plantacji nasiennych, nie przekracza 3%. Zdaniem autorów plantacje nasienne są najbardziej racjonalną i najmniej ekologicznie wątpliwą drogą do poprawy produkcji leśnej

Catalytic performance of bimetallic systems (Cu-Fe, Cu-Mn, Fe-Mn) based on spherical MCM-41 modified by template ion-exchange in NH3−SCRNH_{3}-SCR process

Mesoporous silica of MCM-41 type with spherical morphology was modified with copper, iron, or manganese as well as pairs of these metals by template ion-exchange (TIE) method. The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their structure (XRD), morphology (SEM-EDS), textural parameters (low-temperature N2 sorption), surface acidity (NH3-TPD), transition metal loadings (ICP-OES), their deposited forms (UV-vis DRS) and reducibility (H2-TPR). The catalytic performance of monometallic and bimetallic samples in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR) was tested. The best catalytic results presented a bimetallic copper-manganese sample, which was significantly more active than the mechanical mixture of monometallic copper and manganese catalysts. The synergistic cooperation of manganese and copper species is possibly related to charge relocation between them, resulting in activation of the catalyst in oxidation of NO to NO2, which is necessary for the fast NH3-SCR reaction

Spherical Al-MCM-41 doped with copper by modified TIE method as effective catalyst for low-temperature NH3_{3}-SCR

Aluminum containing silica spherical MCM-41 was synthesized and modified with copper by the template ion-exchange method (TIE) and its modified version, including treatment of the samples with ammonia solution directly after template ion-exchange (TIE-NH3). The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their chemical composition (ICP-OES), structure (XRD), texture (low temperature N2 sorption), morphology (SEM-EDS), form and aggregation of deposited copper species (UV-vis DRS), reducibility of copper species (H2-TPR), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). The deposition of copper by the TIE-NH3 method resulted in much better dispersion of this metal on the MCM-41 surface comparing to copper introduced by TIE method. It was shown that such highly dispersed copper species, mainly monomeric Cu2+ cations, deposited on aluminum containing silica spheres of MCM-41, are significantly more catalytically effective in the NH3-SCR process than analogous catalysts containing aggregated copper oxide species. The catalysts obtained by the TIE-NH3 method effectively operated in much broader temperature and were less active in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen

Prawostronny łuk aorty : opis dwóch przypadków

Background: A right aortic arch (RAA) is a rare congenital abnormality not always clinically manifested. The most common symptoms include dysphagia, dyspnoea on exertion, stridor, and bronchitis, resulting from a vascular ring around the trachea or esophagus. Asymptomatic cases may be viewed in adulthood. Case report: The report presents two cases of RAA found coincidentally in adult patients diagnosed using conventional chest X- ray and computed tomography (CT). Case 1 presents an abnormal course of the aortic arch, first manifested as dyspnoea in adulthood. Case 2 presents RAA with the right subclavian artery as a separate branch associated with an abnormal course of the left subclavian artery. Asymptomatic esophageal compression was also found. The abnormality was accompanied by numerous atherosclerotic lesions in peripheral vessels. Abnormal blood flow conditions might have contributed to a faster progression of atherosclerosis. Conclusions: RAA may remain asymptomatic for the entire life. Symptoms are caused by compression of the surrounding structures or impaired blood flow. RAA may be associated with malformations of its branches

Determinanty rozwoju turystyki w miastach inteligentnych

The article is related to the concept of a smart city, as broadly debated in the literature. The aim of the study was to verify which of dimensions of smart functions determine the development of tourism in smart cities and whether it is reasonable to postulate specific character of European cities in this context. The primary research method was desk research. The source material includes data from the Global Power City Index (GPCI) reports from 2012–2018, which have been subjected to in-depth statistical analysis. The results indicated that from among six groups of factors distinguished by GPCI, only two – cultural interactions and accessibility – are significant determinants of tourism development in a smart city. In this context, it is difficult to unequivocally demonstrate the specificity of European cities in comparison with other smart cities.Artykuł dotyczy szeroko dyskutowanej w piśmiennictwie koncepcji miasta inteligentnego (smart city). Celem było sprawdzenie, które z wymiarów funkcji smart determinują rozwój turystyki w miastach inteligentnych oraz czy można mówić o specyfice europejskich smart cities w tym kontekście. Zasadniczą metodą badawczą była metoda desk research. Materiał źródłowy to dane z raportów Global Power City Index (GPCI) z lat 2012–2018, które poddano pogłębionej analizie statystycznej. Wyniki wykazały, że spośród sześciu wyodrębnionych przez GPCI grup czynników tylko dwa – interakcje kulturowe i dostępność komunikacyjna – są istotnymi determinantami rozwoju turystyki w mieście inteligentnym. W tym kontekście trudno jednoznacznie wskazać specyfikę miast europejskich na tle innych miast inteligentnych

Is the merA gene sufficient as a molecular marker of mercury bacterial resistance?

Gene encoding mercuric ion reductase, merA is a crucial component of the mer operon for reduction of nonorganic mercury ions into less toxic form. The merA gene or its fragments are commonly used as a molecular marker of bacterial resistance to mercury. In this study, it was tested whether the merA gene can be considered as a molecular marker of mercury bacterial resistance. For this purpose, the presence of the mer operon in bacteria isolated from the microbiota of Tussilago farfara L. growing in post-industrial mercury-contaminated and non-contaminated areas was verified by merA gene identification. Mercury resistance was determined by analyzing the bacterial growth parameters in standard Luria-Bertani (LB) medium with mercury concentration of 0.01% (w/v) and in medium without mercury addition. The results obtained showed that the merA gene was present in all T. farfara L. bacterial isolates growing in both mercury-contaminated and noncontaminated soils, however, only the isolates from mercury-contaminated areas were able to grow under mercury conditions. Although merA is commonly regarded as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance, results of our research indicate the need for a verification of that statement/thesis and further investigation of bacterial mercury resistance to indicate other its key markers, structures, or mechanisms