Unpublished genomic data–how to share?

The field of genomics is often cited as the branch of biology that has led the way in data sharing. In most cases, sequencing data are made publicly available immediately after generation and often before the data generators have completed their analyses. Although the pros of such openness cannot be denied, problems can arise when unpublished genomic data are shared. In this editorial we touch on these issues and discuss the roles and responsibilities of the data generators, data users and journal editors

DLBCL pelvic lymphoma - non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma. Application of the US / MR imaging method in diagnosis and treatment monitoring

Lymphomas account for about 2% of all malignant neoplasms. They are neoplastic diseases characterized by massive growth of cells in the lymphatic system. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are the most common subtype. DLBCL is derived from mature, peripheral B lymphocytes of germination. Lymph nodes are the most common localization, but lymphoma is also primarily located in extra-nodal structures: stomach, tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, thyroid gland, bones and brain

Sediment carbon sink in low-density temperate eelgrass meadows (Baltic Sea)

peer reviewedSeagrass meadows are highly productive habitats that can act as “blue carbon sinks” in coastal ecosystems by facilitating sedimentation and trapping particles. However, the magnitude and occurrence of these effects may be species and density dependent. The present study is the first estimation of seagrass sediment carbon sink in the temperate Zostera marina beds in the Baltic Sea. Several descriptors of organic matter characteristics, along with possible organic matter sources in the sediment were compared at vegetated and unvegetated bottoms. The 210Pb dating of the sediment has been used for accumulation rate assessment. The photopigments and POC concentrations in sediments were higher in vegetated bottoms. The SIAR (Stable Isotopes in R) mixing model based on nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values, indicated that higher percentages of organic matter originated from seagrass production in vegetated sediments (40–45%) compared to unvegetated ones (5–21%). The carbon stock in the upper 10 cm of the vegetated sediments ranged from 50.2 ± 2.2 to 228.0 ± 11.6 (g m−2), whereas the annual C accumulation amount from 0.84 ± 0.2 to 3.85 ± 1.2 (g m−2 yr−1). Our study shows that even the relatively weakly developed vegetation of the small temperate seagrass species enhance organic carbon concentration in the sediments. Estimated carbon stock was much lower than those reported for most of the seagrass meadows elsewhere, and the carbon burial rate was the lowest ever reported. Evidently, the global calculations of sediment carbon stock should be reconsidered by taking into account density and species-related variability

A comparison of pathological findings in head computed to-mography with clinical presentation of pediatric patients in the Emergency Department

Pediatric trauma is a cause for over 750.000 visits to emergency departments each year. Of all types of traumas, head injuries represent the group at most risk. Computed tomography (CT) is still the most frequently used advanced imaging method to distinguish cases of severe injuries out of thousands of mild or apparently trivial injuries. The aim of this study was to review the results of CT in terms of clinical prediagnosis and radiological findings in children categorized into four age groups, who underwent a CT scan in the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Among all CT studies, no findings were found in 552 (80.23%) patients, whereas CT findings were detected in 98 (14.2%) boys and 38 (5.5%) girls from all participants. The incidence of lesions in the male group is 2 times higher than in the female group. The most common abnormality was hematoma representing 26.47% of all confirmed lesions and 5.23% among all head CTs performed from the ED. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the evaluation of some head emergencies. However, in the majority of cases, the clinical presentation with which children present to the ED does not correlate with the severity of neuroimaging results

Atypical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with Ollier's disease - a case report

Background Nowadays, we can distinguish more than two types of diabetes mellitus. Due to blood glucose measurement and genetic tests, different types of diabetes (such as autoimmune, monogenetic, atypical) can be detected. Despite the constantly updated recommendations and the progress of diagnostic tests, making a diagnosis may be difficult. Case report A 23-year old patient was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology due to diagnosed diabetes mellitus to determine its primary cause. Elevated blood glucose level was identified during periodic medical test and was confirmed by OGTT test. In the patient’s medical history: Ollier’s disease with multiple enchondromas, treated surgically in childhood, no typical symptoms and risk factors of hyperglycaemia.  During hospitalization the laboratory tests showed decreased level of C-peptide, nevertheless the patient represented acceptable levels of glycaemia following only by diet restriction. MODY, LADA and diabetes due to Ollier’s disease was speculated. Due to suspicion of autoimmunological cause the diagnostic was extended by testing antibodies: IAA, IA2, GAD, IC, which confirmation allowed to recognise untypical diabetes mellitus type 1. The patient objected to insulin treatment, limited it only to a diet and maintained normoglycemia for 15months. However, after an increase in glycaemia and in HbA1c, insulin therapy was introduced. Disscussion with conclusion Atypical course of diabetes should be considered in patients with a known disorder or with comorbidities associated with diabetes and without typical symptoms of hyperglycaemia. Atypical forms of diabetes are uncommon and require etiology-specific therapies

The role of imaging techniques in the diagnostics and monitoring of treatment of Sturge-Weber’s syndrome

Sturge-Weber\u27s syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis) is a rare, non-hereditary syndrome of congenital abnormalities. It is one of the phakomatoses. The incidence of this syndrome is estimated at 1 in 20,000 - 50,000 live births. The cause of SWS is a somatic mutation in the GNAQ gene. A typical picture of a person suffering from SWS is a child with vascular malformation on the face - a \u27port-wine stain\u27 birthmark. Other clinical symptoms include seizures, glaucoma, headache, stroke-like transient neurological deficits, and behavior problems

Predicted Studies of Branched and Cross-Linked Polyurethanes Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate with Polycaprolactone Triol in Soft Segments

The number of cross-links in the non-linear polyurethane structure is the basic factor affecting its properties. Selected properties of aliphatic polyurethanes with soft segments made of different amounts of polycaprolactonetriol, polycaprolactonediol and synthetic, telechelic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) were determined. On the basis of changes in polyurethane properties, the correlation between these properties and the construction of soft segments was found. The structure of polyurethanes, their morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal and mechanical properties were examined. These properties were changed linearly up to 15% content of polycaprolactonetriol in soft segments. A further increase in the amount of triol causes that these properties are mainly determined by the high number of cross-links.This research was founded by the National Science Center Miniatura 2 project no. 2018/02/X/ST5/02005 and partially by the UMG research project no. WPiT/2020/PZ/01

Factors affecting biodiversity on hermit crab shells

This study explores the abundance, diversity and assemblage structure of epifauna on the shells used by two hermit crab species (Pagurus bernhardus and P. pubescens) in the Arctic (Svalbard and Northern Norway) and investigates the biotic and physical drivers of such patterns. Contrary to our expectations, we found that location (which reflects the variability in environmental conditions and the local species pool of potential colonizers) is a key determinant not only in the cold, ice-scoured, glacier-dominated Arctic shallows of Svalbard but also in boreal Norwegian fjords, where other factors were hypothesized to be more important. Depending on region, shell area and identity were of lesser magnitude, with larger and more irregular shells containing more diverse assemblages. Crab host species also played a role (P. pubescens-inhabited shells supported larger number of individuals and higher diversity than those of P. bernhardus) but this effect might be species or region specific. In this study, no effect of crab gender could be detected. The study indicated that epifaunal assemblages of hermit crab shells are influenced by complex set of factors that interact together to different degree at various locations

Seasonal variability of meio- and macrobenthic standing stocks and diversity in an Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Spitsbergen)

Strong environmental seasonality is a basic feature of the Arctic system, still there are few published records of the seasonal variability of the Arctic marine biota. This study examined the year-round seasonal changes of soft bottom macro- and meiobenthic standing stocks and diversity on a station located in an Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Spitsbergen). The seasonality observed in benthic biota was related to the pelagic processes, primarily the seasonal fluxes of organic and inorganic particles. The highest abundance, biomass and richness of benthic fauna occurred in the spring after the phytoplankton bloom. During the summer, when a high load of glacial mineral material was transported to the fiord, the number of both meio- and macrobenthic individuals decreased remarkably. The strong inorganic sedimentation in summer was accompanied by a decline in macrobenthic species richness, but had no effects on evenness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) pointed to granulometric composition of sediments (depended on mineral sedimentation) and organic fluxes as factors best related to meio- and macrobenthic taxonomic composition, but no clear seasonal trend could be observed on the nMDS plots based on meiobenthic higher taxa or macrobenthic species abundances in the samples. This study addresses the possible effects of changes in the winter ice cover on the fjordic benthic systems because it was performed in a year with no ice cover on the fjord