209 research outputs found
The Digital Society in the 21st Century: Security Issue
Digitalization is thought to be a key driver of recent economic, cultural, political, and society transformations, with these changes entailing both positive and negative consequences. The negative ones include various risks and threats for information security of both society and state. As a result, there has been growing impetus to rethink the concept of security in the digital age. In this paper the discourse of security is discussed in terms of dichotomy between soft and hard power in a digitalized society. This discussion involves the following issues to be considered: 1) how this soft/hard range of power can be applied to the security problem; 2) how different information threats could be countered within the discourse of the state security; 3) how the soft security could be implemented in a digitalized society. Structured analysis, discourse analysis and conceptual approach are mainly involved to provide research methodology for the discussion. It should be noted that our research is conducted within theoretical framework established by B. Buzan, J. Nye, with the acknowledgment of the results obtained from the previous studies of the authors of this paper. The concept of security was productively discussed in terms of soft and hard power vocabulary. As a result of this discussion, soft security was interpreted as the measure of protecting something from harm in invisible, unobtrusive ways, whether hard security was designed to oppose challenges and threats and it is traditionally associated with methods of force. It was particularly established that hard security measures are likely to be applied in the military sector, while soft security measures are commonly used in a non-military context. Due to the concept of soft security has not yet been clearly defined and has not received recognition as a scientific term, it is argued that further investigation is demanded. Within this investigation, information security is interpreted as a special category of soft security. The relevant distinction between information security and cybersecurity is made, with the different frequency of using these terms in official discourses of different states being explained. It is also considered that the problems of soft security insurance cannot be solved at the level of individual states due to the transnational nature of digital technology, so it requires international responses. Therefore, establishing the normative force (i.e. elaboration of international rules and institutions) can be an effective measure, while an international exchange of experience in countering information threats seems to be very useful. Educational programs aimed both at creating qualified personnel in the field of digital technologies, as well as at the general public (improving information literacy), also contribute to ensuring the safety of society and the state.
Keywords: information security, digital society, soft security, international relationships, cybersecurit
Β«Soft powerΒ» in Chinese political science and practice
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ° Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°Β» ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Β» ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π£ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ» ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ» Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ: ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
.The article studies the problem of interpretation of soft power concept by Chinese researchers, analyzes the embodiment of soft strategies in practice. It is alleged that the peculiarity of the Chinese soft power discourse is the emphasis on culture as opposed to the promotion of political values. The main approaches to the concept are structural, resource, split-level, as well as an approach that denies the need for the concept and asserts the importance of finding a more organic way to increase the power of the state. The practical implementation of the soft power policy in China goes on several fronts: the development of public diplomacy, the intensification of educational exchanges, assistance diplomacy, working with diaspora, promotion of culture creating favorable image of the country and participate in international organizations
ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ
ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π±ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ²Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°) ΡΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΡΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ.The trends of publishing policy, peculiarities of buying and reading fiction are studied on the basis of the activities of Ukrainian publishers. Reader-oriented marketing is offered as the system of actions prompted by the dynamic development of Ukrainian fiction literature and the development of information technologies.ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ) ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ)
ΠΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π° 2005-2009 ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ.Status of Ukraineβs market of literature for children in 2005-2009 is described. Descriptive and measured outputs of the market are supplied.ΠΠ°Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π° 2005-09 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² β ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅, Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡ.Network of bookshops β a new phenomenon, but they are quite dynamically evolving. The article reveals integrated data obtained in the study of history and current status of the book market of the leading countries of the world.Π‘Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°
Π Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Ρ Π§ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π· ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ.Question about advertising and spreading information on the fiction market nowadays is harmful. Separating of these two definitions at the beginning of the booksβ life period and their professional combination for the purpose of popularization of Book and Reading on the following stages of productβs life β is important. The clause reveals up-to-date problems of this market and recommendations on their solving.ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ Π§ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ-ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.The development of geography and schedule of book fairs in Ukraine are analyzed. Priority market tools used by publishers during book fairs are defined.ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Analysis of Chinese Humanitarian Diplomacy in English Scientific Literature
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ , ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ.As a result of the analysis of English-language scientific sources, the characteristic features of humanitarian diplomacy of the PRC are highlighted, the principles of assistance are listed, the institutional structure of humanitarian diplomacy is analyzed, and the features of the Chinese discourse of humanitarian assistance are highlighted.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π Π€Π€Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° β 20-014-00033 Β«ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΒ»
Features of cascading disk-gear extrusion of plastics
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΠ², Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
(ΠΠΠ) Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²
Π·Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ. Π¦Π΅ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π· ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ· Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ.
Π ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 107Π‘ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ² Π·Π°Π±Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ 0,5% Π±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΠ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·βΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΠΠ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ.The relevant task of today is to improve the installations for thermostat extrusion, in order to increase the indicators
of resource/energy efficiency. The study of the features peculiar to the loading and melting area (LMA) and the
elimination of shortcomings can significantly reduce the energy costs of the process.
To achieve high-quality results in cascading disk-gear extrusion, the main methods of the dispersion melting of
thermoplastic granules are analyzed, taking into account all the features of the physical model of the extrusion
process.
The dispersion model of melting is achieved by observing a limited supply of raw materials to the loading area. This
ensures the intensification of the process and significantly reduces the total length of the LMA. In this case, the length
of the area with the most filled channel directly depends on the resistance of the disk zone. With increasing resistance,
the polymer stopper moves to the loading neck. The polymer is gradually compacted, and each leakage of the LMA is
periodically filled.
From the rotating disk heated to 107 oC, samples of the polymer were removed and cut into separate sections.
Previously, to facilitate the process of visual research, the polymer was colored with 0.5% blue pigment. The results
of the analysis confirmed the performance of the proposed physical model for the processes occuring in the disk-gear
extruder. As a result, it is possible to calculate the time over which the granules stay in the LMA and the length of the
screw cutting in this area, depending on the performance.
Taking into account all the features of the disk-gear extrusion process allows creating an upgraded productive,
resource-efficient installation and implementing it into practice
Soft Power: Attractiveness or Manipulation?
The article studies the perception of the soft power concept by different groups of researchers. The author gives his own definition of soft power, lists its main characteristics. It is pointed out that supporters of realistic theory criticize the phenomenon under consideration, since it is difficult to measure and apply in practice. The main positions of Russian researchers are singled out (consideration of soft power as an attractive power, humanitariancultural power and psychological-ideological power). It is pointed out that the evaluation of the concept depends on the researcherβs belonging to a particular scientific school.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ° Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°Β» ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ», ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ). Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅
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