THE SCOPE AND CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL AMBER EXTRACTION ON LANDS OF ZHYTOMYR RDFH

Проведено об'єктивне оцінювання масштабів і наслідків ушкоджень земель Житомирського ОУЛМГ внаслідок незаконного видобутку бурштину. Ділянки лісових насаджень, що потребують рекультивації, виявлено на території трьох державних підприємств та семи лісництв. Встановлено, що загальна площа земель Житомирського ОУЛМГ, що потребують рекультивації, становить 369, 45 га. Найбільше порушених площ (336,60 га) розміщено на території ДП "Білокоровицьке ЛГ", ДП "Олевське ЛГ" (30,70 га) і ДП "Словечанське ЛГ" (2,15 га). Здійснено аналіз основних типів порушень ґрунту та лісових ценозів. За результатами аналізу лісівничо-таксаційних показників пошкоджених насаджень визначено найпоширеніші типи лісорослинних умов, типи лісу, видовий склад та вікову структуру. Встановлено, що внаслідок незаконного видобутку пошкоджено та знищено низку територій, що мають статус заказників місцевого та загальнодержавного значення.На території кварталів 20 і 21 Поясківського лісівництва, кварталу 27 Можарівського лісництва та кварталу 29 Сирницького лісництва закладено тимчасові пробні площі. Перспектива подальших досліджень полягає у встановленні особливостей та шляхів стимулювання природного поновлення рослинності на деградованих внаслідок незаконного видобутку територіях, дослідженні впливу абіотичних екологічних чинників на процеси поновлення рослинного покриву.Проведена объективная оценка масштабов и последствий повреждений земель Житомирского ОУЛОХ в результате незаконной добычи янтаря. Участки лесных насаждений, требующие рекультивации, обнаружены на территории трех государственных предприятий и семи лесничеств. Установлено, что общая площадь земель Житомирского ОУЛОХ, требующих рекультивации, составляет 369,45 га. Большинство нарушенных площадей (336,60 га) находится на территории ГП "Белокоровецкое ЛГ", ГП "Олевское ЛГ" (30,70 га) и ГП "Словечанское ЛГ" (2,15 га). Осуществлен анализ основных типов нарушений почвы и лесных ценозов. По результатам анализа лесоводственно-таксационных показателей поврежденных насаждений определены наиболее распространенные типы лесорастительных условий, типы леса, видовой состав и возрастная структура. Установлено, что в результате незаконной добычи повреждено и уничтожено ряд территорий, имеющих статус заказников местного и общегосударственного значения. На территории кварталов 20, 21 Пояскивского лесничества, квартала 27 Можаровского лесничества и квартала 29 Сырницкого лесничества заложены временные пробные площади. Перспективы дальнейших исследований заключаются в установлении особенностей и путей стимулировании естественного возобновления растительности на деградированных в результате незаконной добычи территориях, исследовании влияния абиотических экологических факторов на процессы обновления растительного покрова.The problem of damage to forestry in Ukraine has become acute due to the unauthorized extraction of amber today. The issues of reclamation and dendro-reclamation of such lands are new and little-studied. The research used general sciences methods (analysis, synthesis, observation, generalization) and special research methods: visual (determining the general condition of plants and damage to the territory), agrochemical (determination of basic nutrients and soil acidity) and mathematical statistics (processing of experimental data with using computer programs). An objective assessment of the scale and damage consequences to the lands of Zhytomyr Region Department of Forestry and Hunting Economy as a result of the illegal amber mining has been carried out. The areas of forest plantations requiring reclamation on the territory of three state enterprises and seven forestry enterprises were identified. The total area of land requiring reclamation is 369.45 hectares. Most of the disturbed areas (336.60 ha) located on the territory of State Enterprise Belokorovyts'ke FE, State Enterprise Olevske FE (30.70 ha) and Subsidiary Slavechanske FE (2.15 ha). The analysis of the main types of soil damage and forest ecosystems is carried out. The most common types of forest vegetation conditions, types of forest, species composition and age structure were determined according to the results of the analysis of the forestry and tax rates of damaged plantations. The obtained data indicate that the Pinus sylvestris L. 60-80 year aged, somewhere Quercus robur L., as well as the young Betula pendula Roth and the adjoining plantations of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn were destroyed as a result of the illegal mining of amber. The forests of nature protection purposes with an area of 84.2 hectares, in particular 71.3 hectares of local reserves and 2.6 hectares of national reserves were damaged on the territory of Zhytomyr RDFH. The estimated area of possible violations in the studied territories is over 3627.90 hectares.The further research prospect is to define features and stimulate ways of the natural renewal of woody vegetation in areas degraded by illegal amber mining, to study the impact of environmental abiotic factors on the process of plant cover renewal, and also to develop own methodology for ecological and economic harm assessment

Kinematic Control of the Inertiality of the System of Tycho-2 and UCAC2 Stellar Proper Motions

Based on the Ogorodnikov-Milne model, we analyze the proper motions of Tycho-2 and UCAC2 stars. We have established that the model component that describes the rotation of all stars under consideration around the Galactic y axis differs significantly from zero at various magnitudes. We interpret this rotation found using the most distant stars as a residual rotation of the ICRS/Tycho-2 system relative to the inertial reference frame. For the most distant ($d\approx900$ pc) Tycho-2 and UCAC2 stars, the mean rotation around the Galactic y axis has been found to be $M_{13}=-0.37\pm0.04$ mas yr$^{-1}$. The proper motions of UCAC2 stars with magnitudes in the range $12-15^m$ are shown to be distorted appreciably by the magnitude equation in $\mu_\alpha\cos\delta$, which has the strongest effect for northern-sky stars with a coefficient of $-0.60\pm0.05$ mas yr$^{-1}$ mag$^{-1}$. We have detected no significant effect of the magnitude equation in the proper motions of UCAC2 stars brighter than $\approx11^m$.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

The Oort Constants Measured from Proper Motions

The Oort constants describe the local variations of the stellar streaming field. Classically, they are determined from stellar proper motions. We discuss problems arising in this procedure. A large, hitherto overlooked, source of systematic error arises from longitudinal variations of the mean stellar parallax. Together with the solar reflex motion, these variations create contributions to the longitudinal proper motions mu_l*(l) that are indistinguishable from the Oort Constants at the 20% level. Fortunately, we can correct for this "mode mixing" using the latitudinal proper motions mu_b(l). We use ~10^6 stars from the ACT/Tycho-2 catalogs with proper motion errors of ~ 3 mas/yr. We find significant deviations from expectations based on a smooth axisymmetric equilibrium disk, in particular non-zero C for old red giant stars. We also find variations of the Oort constants with the asymmetric drift of the sub-sample. These correlations are different in nature than those expected for an axisymmetric Galaxy. The most reliable tracers for the ``true'' Oort constants are red giants, which are old enough to be in equilibrium and distant enough to be unaffected by possible local anomalies. For these stars we find, A ~ 16, B ~- 17, A - B ~ 33, and C ~- 10 km/s/kpc with internal errors of about 1-2 and external error of perhaps the same order. These values are consistent with our knowledge of the Milky Way (flat rotation curve and Omega=A - B ~ 28 +/- 2). Based on observations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite. (Abridged)Comment: Submitted to Ap

Millisecond and Binary Pulsars as Nature's Frequency Standards. III. Fourier Analysis and Spectral Sensitivity of Timing Observations to Low-Frequency Noise

This paper discusses spectral sensitivity of solitary and binary pulsars to a low-frequency (colored) noise. It is a third paper in a series of papers devoted to analysis of the low-frequency noise in pulsar timing observations and its impact on observable fitting parameters of timing model.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRA

Characterizing early drug resistance-related events using geometric ensembles from HIV protease dynamics:

The use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) has drastically improved the life quality and expectancy of HIV patients since their introduction in health care. Several millions are still afflicted worldwide by HIV and ARV resistance is a constant concern for both healthcare practitioners and patients, as while treatment options are finite, the virus constantly adapts via complex mutation patterns to select for resistant strains under the pressure of drug treatment. The HIV protease is a crucial enzyme for viral maturation and has been a game changing drug target since the first application. Due to similarities in protease inhibitor designs, drug cross-resistance is not uncommon across ARVs of the same class

МАЗЬ ОФЛОМЕЛИД. КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И ПЕРЕНОСИМОСТЬ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ИНФЕКЦИОННЫМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ КОЖИ И МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ

The paper presents the results of a multicenter postmarketing study of Oflomelid ointment versus levosin and levomecol ointments in 301 patients with different purulent diseases of the skin, soft tissues, and bones, diabetic foot syndrome, trophic ulcers of different etiologies, postoperative purulent wounds, chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis, burns and frostbites, acute and chronic purulent diseases of the skin and soft tissues. Oflomelid ointment shows a high clinical and bacteriological efficacy in stages I and II wound process along with good analgesic activity for the topical treatment of purulent processes of different etiologies and sites. Objectivization of the findings is based on the results of qualitative and quantitative microbiological analyses, wound imprint cytology, and trends in the systemic and local clinical picture.В статье представлены результаты многоцентрового постмаркетингового сравнительного исследования мази Офломелид по сравнению с мазями левосин и левомеколь у 301 пациента с различными гнойными заболеваниями кожи, мягких тканей и костей, синдромом диабетической стопы, трофическими язвами различной этиологии, послеоперационными гнойными ранами, хроническим посттравматическим остеомиелитом, ожогами и отморожениями, острыми и хроническими гнойными заболеваниями кожи и мягких тканей. Показана высокая клиническая и бактериологическая эффективность мази Офломелид при I и II стадиях течения раневого процесса наряду с хорошим анальгезирующим действием для местного лечения гнойных процессов различной этиологии и локализации. Объективизация полученных данных основана на результатах качественных и количественных микро-биологических исследований, цитологии раневых отпечатков, динамики общей и местной клинической картины

Classification of the equilibrium states of magnets with vector and quadrupole order parameters

A classification of the equilibrium states of magnetic condensed media whose symmetry is broken spontaneously relative to rotations in spin space and translations in configuration space is constructed. The cases of vector and tensor order parameters, which possess different transforma-tion properties under time reversal, are examined. The conditions for unbroken symmetry and spatial symmetry of the equilibrium states for such media are formulated. In the case of a vector order parameter, the connection between these symmetry conditions and para-, ferro-, antiferro-, ferri-, and spiral magnetic states is determined. The relation of the indicated symmetry conditions with quadrupole magnetic states is determined-one-and two-axis magnetic non magnetics, mag-netic cholesterics, and a double magnetic spiralyesBelgorod State Universit

Classification of the equilibrium states of magnets with vector and quadrupole order parameters

yesA classification of the equilibrium states of magnetic condensed media whose symmetry is broken spontaneously relative to rotations in spin space and translations in configuration space is constructed. The cases of vector and tensor order parameters, which possess different transforma-tion properties under time reversal, are examined. The conditions for unbroken symmetry and spatial symmetry of the equilibrium states for such media are formulated. In the case of a vector order parameter, the connection between these symmetry conditions and para-, ferro-, antiferro-, ferri-, and spiral magnetic states is determined. The relation of the indicated symmetry conditions with quadrupole magnetic states is determined-one-and two-axis magnetic non magnetics, mag-netic cholesterics, and a double magnetic spiralBelgorod State Universit

Nonlinear dynamics and collective excitations of spin-1 magnets

In this Letter we study the dynamics of non-equilibrium states of magnets with spins=1. The Poisson brackets for macroscopic parameters are obtained and nonlinear dynamic equations of spin-1 magnets are derived. Two types of magnetic exchange Hamiltonians corresponding to two Kazimir in-variants of SU(3) group are introducedyesBelgorod State Universit