Mueller-matrices polarization selection of two-dimensional linear and circular birefringence images

The optical model of polycrystalline networks of myometium is suggested. The results of investigating the interrelation between the values correlation (correlation area, asymmetry coefficient and autocorrelation function excess) and fractal (dispersion of logarithmic dependencies of power spectra) parameters are presented. They characterize the distributions Mueller marixes elements of myometrium histological sections. The criteria of differentiation of death coming reasons are determined

Экспериментальное исследование режимов горения и контракции тлеющего разряда в CF4

В этой работе экспериментально исследованы диффузный и контрагированный режимы тлеющего разряда постоянного тока в CF4. Найдено, что при фиксированном давлении газа область существования контрагированного режима при узких зазорах между электродами имеет неоднозначный характер. Контрагированный шнур появляется в стратифицированном положительном столбе с ростом разрядного тока. Однако в узких зазорах между электродами дальнейшее повышение разрядного тока может привести к уменьшению длины положительного столба (с одновременным значительным расширением отрицательного свечения), и контракция исчезает. В случае длинных разрядных промежутков увеличение тока не приводит к исчезновению контракции. У цій роботі експериментально досліджено дифузний та контрагований режими тліючого розряду постійного струму в CF4. Знайдено, що при фіксованому тиску газу область існування контрагованого режиму обмежена з боку вузьких зазорів між електродами, ця межа має неоднозначний характер. Контрагований шнур з'являється в стратифікованому позитивному стовпі зі зростанням розрядного струму. Однак у вузьких зазорах між електродами подальше підвищення розрядного струму призводить до зменшення довжини позитивного стовпа (з одночасним значним розширенням негативного світіння), і контракція зникає. У випадку довгих розрядних проміжків збільшення струму не призводить до зникнення контракції. This paper studies in experiment the diffuse and contracted modes of dc glow discharge in CF4. The existence region for the contracted mode with pressure unchanged is found to be limited from the small inter-electrode gap side, this boundary being multi-valued. A contracted column establishes in a stratified positive column with current increasing and inter-electrode gap or gas pressure fixed. However with subsequent current increase the length of the positive column decreases (with simultaneous considerable expansion of the negative glow), and contraction vanishes. At longer inter-electrode gap the current increase does not lead to contraction vanishing

Quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptosis-related gene expression in leukemias in ukrainian patients

Background: The complete medical consequences of the long-term exposure of population to ionizing radiation in post-Chernobyl period are still a controversial issue. The molecular biological analysis of malignant diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in contaminated territories requires the precise diagnosis based on criteria of novel classifications. Aim: To analyze the relative gene expression of six apoptosis-related genes in different types of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in patients living in areas of Ukraine contaminated with radionuclides in post-Chernobyl period. Material and methods: The samples of the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 189 Ukrainian leukemia patients and 16 patients with reactive lymphocytosis were analyzed morphologically and immunocytochemically for precise delineation of the main forms and cytological variants of hematological malignancies according to new WHO classification. Expression of six apoptosis-related genes was analyzed in the individual samples of 9 different groups of malignant diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and one group of patients with reactive lymphocytosis by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of genes was assessed relative to that in control group of healthy donors. Results: Up-regulation of six analyzed apoptosis-related genes is observed in all groups of leukemia. In most groups of leukemia being analyzed, BCL-2 up-regulation level is superior to that of BAX. Prominent MYC up-regulation is observed in B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma groups. In myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, the striking up-regulation of Fas-1 and P38MAPK is evident. Practically all the groups of leukemia are characterized by stable high ratios of P53 up-regulation. Conclusion: In Ukrainian patients, up-regulation of six analyzed apoptosis-related genes is observed practically in all types of malignant diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues under study. Microarray-based analysis of these samples would be of great importance in terms of elucidating genomic interactions in leukemias and their possible association with ionizing radiation

Our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of intussusception in children

Introduction. Despite of a numerous publications, observations, and studies of acute intussusception on intestine the topicability of the given problem is still relevant among pediatric surgeons. Aim. Improvement of diagnostics and results of treatment in children with acute intussusception on intestine. Materials and methods of research. Over last 20 years under the observation of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Children’s Hospital were 889 children with acute intussusception. Since 2008 we used in our clinic method of laparoscopy at the treatment of children with acute intussusception. Results. Since 2008 year 313 children with acute intussusception on intestine were undergone a treatment. Boys were two times more than girls. Sonographic diagnosis was effective in 89 % of cases. As for the treatment of intussusception — 254 (81 %) patients used effectively non-operative desinvagination. After unsuccessful non-operative reduction in 54 children, done laparoscopic reduction of intussusception. Conclusions. Abdominal echographies research should be one of the main methods of diagnosis intussusception. Nonoperative treatment of infantile intussusceptions by air reduction the method of choice and was successful in 81 % cases. Введение. Изучение проблемы диагностики и лечения инвагинации кишечника у детей остается актуальной среди детских хирургов. Цель. Улучшение методов диагностики и лечения детей с острой инвагинацией кишечника. Методы и методики исследования. За последние 20 лет под наблюдением в ОДКБ находилось 889 детей с острой инвагинацией кишечника. С 2008г. в клинике широко используется метод лапароскопии в лечении и диагностике инвагинации кишечника у детей. Результаты. С 2008 года поступило 313 пациентов с инвагинацией кишечника. Сонографическая диагностика была эффективной в 89 % случаев. Что касается лечения инвагинации кишечника — в 254 (81 %) случаях была эффективна консервативная дезинвагинация. В 54 случаях, после безуспешного консервативного лечения, проведена лапароскопическая дезинвагинация. Выводы. Основными методами диагностики острой инвагинации является ультразвуковой метод. Консервативное лечение острой инвагинаций кишечника было успешным в 81 % случаев

Study of morphocytochemical and immunophenotypic features of acute leukemia stem cells

The immunophenotypic profile of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hematopoietic precursor cells as well as leukemic stem cells (LSC) has been extensively studied in several laboratories worldwide. The results of our studies suggest that the standard panel for classification of acute leukemias should be supplemented with several new markers allowing us to identify more precisely the different forms of the leukemias being of the closely related origin, for example AML M6b and AML M7. The common bipotent LSC in AML M7 of low grade and AML M6b may exist analogous to precursor cell common for megakaryocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis. We have also found the similarity between blast cells in pro-B-ALL [t (4;11), 11q23] and AML M5a [t (9;11), 11q23]. Such similarity of immunophenotype and cytogenetic abnormalities in blast cells in pro-B-ALL and AML M5a may be considered as hint explaining the cases of AML M5a as a recurrence of leukemia in children with originally diagnosed pro-B-ALL.Иммунофенотипический профиль стволовых лейкемических клеток (СЛК) интенсивно изучают в ряде лабораторий мира. Результаты данного исследования подтверждают, что стандартная панель для классификации острых лейкозов (ОЛ) должна быть дополнена рядом новых маркеров. Это позволяет более точно идентифицировать близкие по происхождению формы ОЛ, например ОМЛ М6b и ОМЛ М7. Предполагается существование общей низкодифференцированной бипотентной ЛСК при ОМЛ М7 и ОМЛ М6b, подобной нормальной общей клетке-предшественнице мегакариоцитопоэза и эритропоэза. Установлено также сходство бластных клеток при про-В-ОЛЛ с перестройкой хромосомного участка 11q23 и транслокацией (4;11) и бластных клеток при ОМЛ М5а c перестройкой того же хромосомного участка 11q23 и транслокацией (9;11). Подобное сходство иммунофенотипа и цитогенетических аномалий при указанных 2 формах ОЛ объясняет появление бластов с фенотипом ОМЛ М5а при рецидиве заболевания у детей, у которых ранее был диагностирован про-В-ОЛЛ

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Background. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is common in acute leukemia patients. The study of ED can provide more information about pathological processes in lungs of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of the study is to assess the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its prognostic value for pulmonary complications in children with ALL. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children. The level of VEGF-A in serum was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Pulmonary complications were common in the examined children with ALL, among them: аcute bronchitis (23), recurrent episodes of acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (18), wheezing (9), bronchial asthma (3), interstitial pneumonia (1), pleurisy (1), pneumothorax (3), lung fibrosis (2), respiratory failure (6). The frequency of pulmonary complications was 82.5 % during chemotherapy protocols and 20.0 % in ALL survivors after a complete course of chemotherapy. Statistically significant increase in VEGF-A level in groups 1 (180.41 (158.16; 200.00) pg/ml) and 2 (165.61 (131.65; 198.45) pg/ml) compared to controls (130.65 (129.45; 132.15) pg/ml) has been detected (p1-C = 0.000011; p2-C = 0.007009). There were no significant differences in VEGF-А levels between children from experimental groups (p1–2 = 0.338394). According to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the level of VEGF-A > 198.34 pg/ml after the complete course of chemotherapy can predict the presence of pulmonary complication in ALL survivors (area under the ROC curve 0.965; sensitivity 100.00 %; specifi­city 89.47 %). Conclusions. Children with ALL have significant ED. The level of serum VEGF-A can be predictive for pulmonary complications in ALL survivors

Gene expression profiling of B-CLL in Ukrainian patients in post-Chernobyl period

Background: Genetic mechanisms that result in the development and progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are mainly unknown. We have analyzed gene expression patterns in Ukrainian B-CLL patients with the aim of identifying B-CLL involved / associated genes in order to shed light on the biology of this pathological entity. Material and methods: The samples of the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 44 Ukrainian B-CLL patients with no characteristics indicative of unfavorable course of the disease such as CD38 were analyzed morphologically and immunocytochemically according to the new WHO classification. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression levels were determined by microarray method comparing with the sample from 17 healthy donors. Results: We investigated interactions using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and found 1191 network eligible up-regulated genes and 3398 Functions/Pathways eligible up-regulated genes, 1225 network eligible down-regulated genes and 2657 Functions/Pathways eligible down-regulated genes. Conclusion: In B-CLL patients, gene networks around MYC, HNF1A and HNF4A, YWHAG, NF-κB1 and SP1 are identified as up-regulated; CEBPA, YWHAG, SATB1 and RB1 — as down-regulated. G protein coupled receptor signaling, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolisms, calcium signaling, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 are found out as significant up-regulated pathways. EIF2 and Cdc42 signaling, regulation of eIF4 and p70S6k signaling, protein ubiquitination pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are the most significant down-regulated pathways obtained in our study. The involvement of NF-κB gene network and upregulated levels of G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, which has an important role in transcription of NF-κB, are important and need further examination

Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury as a Cause Of Disability: Problems of Expertise

Traumatic brain injury is a complex medical and social problem because of its high prevalence, involvement of predominantly working-age population and the diversity of the possible consequences. The publication presents a detailed analysis of the cumulative effects of disability due to traumatic brain injury on the basis of review of theexpertcase-histories in the regional center of medical-social expertise of the Kherson region. Expert analysis of the cases with code number T90. 5 revealed a significant proportion of disabled persons (15. 6 %) with the consequences of brain concussion, which conflicts with the concept of this clinical form of traumatic brain injury, being the lightest one, and the one that is not accompanied by any structural changes in the brain. Another problem of medical-social expertise of patients with consequences of traumatic brain injury is the objectification of the available neurological syndromes. This is especially true for the expert review of the liquorodynamic posttraumatic disorders, cerebral arachnoiditis, post-traumatic epilepsy, vestibular and cognitive disorders. Evaluation of these syndromes, as the reasons for the determination of disability category should be carried out only after thorough examination. The rare change to a mild disability category (6. 6 %) has been shown, as well as the cases of switching to a more severe disability category (4. 4 %) have been identified. This is theevidencefor the need of more active rehabilitation measures of persons with disabilities due to the consequences of traumatic brain injury. Analysis of accumulated disability coded as T90. 5 revealed significant portion of disabled (15,6 %) with the consequences of concussion, which does not coincide with the concept of this clinical form of mild TBI without any structural changes in the brain. The most common problem of medical-social assessment of patients with the consequences of TBI is overdiagnosis of several conditions and lack of objectification of existing neurological syndromes by attending physician. According to our study, expert evaluation of liquorodynamic posttraumatic disorders, cerebral arachnoiditis, post-traumatic epilepsy, vestibular and cognitive disorders should be performed only after a comprehensive examination. The evaluation, regardless of the severity, should include liquor testing, neuroophthalmological investigation, MRI or CT scan, clinical and psychophysiological study. It is necessary for the physician to perform the objectification of seizures, as well as a detailed study of intellectual, mental and personality disorders, which are unfortunately neglected, in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy before the referral to Medical-Social Expert Committee to determine the degree of disability. Additional methods of examination (MRI, CT of the orbits, orbital ultrasound and retrobulbar space ultrasound, biomicroscopy of vessels of the conjunctiva, and optical coherence tomography) should be used to establish more precise reasons for neuroophthalmologic consequences and their relationship with TBI. The widespread implementation of ENT examination of patients with consequences of TBI for objective evaluation of vestibular function is relevant nowadays. Черепно-мозкова травма (ЧМТ) є складною медико-соціальною проблемою, у зв'язку зі своєю поширеністю, травмуванням переважно працездатної частини населення та різноманітності можливих наслідків. Наведено докладний аналіз інвалідності за наслідками ЧМТ на основі експертних справ обласного центру медико-соціальної експертизи Херсонської області. Аналіз експертних справ за шифром Т90.5 виявив значну частку інвалідів (15,6 %) з наслідками струсу головного мозку, що не співпадає з уявленням про цю клінічну форму ЧМТ як про найлегшу та таку, за якої не спостерігаються структурні зміни головного мозку. Наступною проблемою медико-соціальної експертизи хворих з наслідками ЧМТ є об'єктивізація наявних серологічних синдромів. Це стосується насамперед експертного оцінювання посттравматичних ліквородинамічних розладів, церебрального арахноїдиту, посттравматичної епілепсії, вестибулярних та когнітивних розладів. Оцінювання цих синдромів як причин для визначення обмеження життєдіяльності за однією з категорій слід проводити лише після комплексного дослідження