ASCETICISM POETRY BETWEEN IMAM SHAFI'I AND ABU AL-ATAHEYA A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The research aims to compare the two poets in terms of social, religious, cultural, economic, and psychological factors and then talk about the similar poetic contents of both poets within the framework of ascetic poetry.  The researcher used the French school curriculum, in which the comparison is made between literature that is related to each other based on impact and influence. The most prominent result of the study was that Abu Al-Atheya was influenced by imam shafi'i in some aspects of his poem, but he invented and mastered it perfectly

AL-BADEE OF ABU AL-HASAN AL-HUSARI AL-QAYRAWANI IMPACT IN DEVELOPING OF THE ARGUMENTATION STUDY

ABSTRACT The research aims to reinterpret the well-known of Al-Badee Arts, in view of the Argumentation theory, in order to observe the transformations of the meaning in some models of Poetry of Abu Al-Hasan Al-Husari Al-Qayrawani. The researcher used the applied descriptive method, to study the ways of the transformations of the meaning, and extracting some models from the poems, and analyzing them. Therefore the research reached some important conclusions which are: If the new rhetoric is interested in the embellishment, because it is an Important instrument to the creativeness and the persuasion, Al-Badee can develop the Argumentation study, especially if the poet is sincere in his sufferance, and also wishes to convey his message, such as Al-Husari who benefited from Al-Badee Arts, for the purpose of persuasion, proof, and inference. The poet was able to combine between the form and content. His interests in Al-Badee Arts revealed his desire to remove dust from speech, and give it the complete clarification, customization and justification, etc., generally, his employment of Al-Badde fits the meaning he is trying to form. The repetition of the poet for some elements isn't a proof of inability to apply others elements, or a desire to decorate the speech only, but because he was bound by this repetition for its influential importance. Keywords: Al-Badee, Meaning, Argumentation theory.&nbsp

The Tolerance in Poetry of Antara bin Shaddad Thematic Analysis

The research aims to read some models of the poet (Antara bin Shaddad" in view of thematic criticism tools, which searches for topics within the literary text, and put them under one principal topic. The researcher used the thematic approach, for categorizing the topics in the selected models, and distinguish the dominant topic among all other sub-themes. Moreover the most important results were:Despite the diversity of the topics of the poem, between the topic of tolerance, injustice, asking for help, and animal complaint, the topic of the tolerance is the main and most important topic, because all other subjects followed it

COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: impacts on vulnerable populations and sustaining home-grown solutions

© 2020, The Canadian Public Health Association. This commentary draws on sub-Saharan African health researchers’ accounts of their countries’ responses to control the spread of COVID-19, including social and health impacts, home-grown solutions, and gaps in knowledge. Limited human and material resources for infection control and lack of understanding or appreciation by the government of the realities of vulnerable populations have contributed to failed interventions to curb transmission, and further deepened inequalities. Some governments have adapted or limited lockdowns due to the negative impacts on livelihoods and taken specific measures to minimize the impact on the most vulnerable citizens. However, these measures may not reach the majority of the poor. Yet, African countries’ responses to COVID-19 have also included a range of innovations, including diversification of local businesses to produce personal protective equipment, disinfectants, test kits, etc., which may expand domestic manufacturing capabilities and deepen self-reliance. African and high-income governments, donors, non-governmental organizations, and businesses should work to strengthen existing health system capacity and back African-led business. Social scientific understandings of public perceptions, their interactions with COVID-19 control measures, and studies on promising clinical interventions are needed. However, a decolonizing response to COVID-19 must include explicit and meaningful commitments to sharing the power—the authority and resources—to study and endorse solutions

The Politeness in The Poetry of Abu Al-Hasan Al-Husari Al-Qayrawani (Pragmatic Study)

The research aims to clarify the concept of politeness and its forms, and to shed light on the relationship of the phenomenon of politeness with other similar phenomena, such as politeness and differentiation between them, and to highlight the rules of the principle of politeness and the rules branching on this principle, and to explore the phenomenon of politeness in the poetry of Abu al-Hasan al-Husari al-Qayrawani, the blind, by monitoring models a function of it. The researcher used the inductive analytical method, that is, the method of careful reading of Al-Hosary's poems, and extracting and analyzing the evidence in which the phenomenon of politeness is evident. One of the most prominent results of the research was that the features of positive politeness emerged in the poet in many rules, including: tact, generosity, skepticism, approval, humility, courtship, and agreement, and each rule was enriched with meanings worthy of it from the researcher's point of view, as the features of negative politeness also emerged in different models as well, including: direct request, objection to others, sarcasm, objection and sarcasm together, self-defense, directing the recipient to observe the sanctity of self, the sanctity of belief, and threat

شعر الزهد بين الإمام الشافعي وأبي العتاهية دراسة مقارنة

يهدف البحث إلى المقارنة بين الشاعرين من حيث العوامل الاجتماعية، الدينية، الثقافية والاقتصادية، والنفسية، ثميتضمن الحديث عن المضامين الشعرية المتشابهة لدى كلا الشاعرين، في إطار شعر الزهد. استخدم الباحث منهج المدرسة الفرنسية، التي تجرى فيها المقارنة بين الآداب التي يرتبط بعضها ببعض على أساس التأثّر والتأثير. وكان من أبرز نتائج الدراسة أن أبا العتاهية قد تأثّر بالشافعي في بعض مضامين شعره الزهدي، لكنه ابتدع فيهاوأتقنها كلّ الإتقان

Nten Nko File

Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian musi

Longitudinal antibody and T cell responses in Ebola virus disease survivors and contacts: an observational cohort study.

BackgroundThe 2013-16 Ebola virus disease epidemic in west Africa caused international alarm due to its rapid and extensive spread resulting in a significant death toll and social unrest within the affected region. The large number of cases provided an opportunity to study the long-term kinetics of Zaire ebolavirus-specific immune response of survivors in addition to known contacts of those infected with the virus.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, we worked with leaders of Ebola virus disease survivor associations in two regions of Guinea, Guéckédou and Coyah, to recruit survivors of Ebola virus disease, contacts from households of individuals known to have had Ebola virus disease, and individuals who were not knowingly associated with infected individuals or had not had Ebola virus disease symptoms to serve as negative controls. We did Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific T cell analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on location in Guinea and transported plasma and PBMCs back to Europe for antibody quantification by ELISA, functional neutralising antibody analysis using live Zaire ebolavirus, and T cell phenotype studies. We report on the longitudinal cellular and humoral response among Ebola virus disease survivors and highlight potentially paucisymptomatic infection.FindingsWe recruited 117 survivors of Ebola virus disease, 66 contacts, and 23 negative controls. The mean neutralising antibody titre among the Ebola virus disease survivors 3-14 months after infection was 1/174 (95% CI 1/136-1/223). Individual results varied greatly from 1/10 to more than 1/1000 but were on average ten times greater than that induced after 1 month by single dose Ebola virus vaccines. Following reactivation with glycoprotein peptide, the mean T cell responses among 116 Ebola virus disease survivors as measured by ELISpot was 305 spot-forming units (95% CI 257-353). The dominant CD8+ polyfunctional T cell phenotype, as measured among 53 Ebola virus disease survivors, was interferon γ+, tumour necrosis factor+, interleukin-2-, and the mean response was 0·046% of total CD8+ T cells (95% CI 0·021-0·071). Additionally, both neutralising antibody and T cell responses were detected in six (9%) of 66 Ebola virus disease contacts. We also noted that four (3%) of 117 individuals with Ebola virus disease infections did not have circulating Ebola virus-specific antibodies 3 months after infection.InterpretationThe continuous high titre of neutralising antibodies and increased T cell response might support the concept of long-term protective immunity in survivors. The existence of antibody and T cell responses in contacts of individuals with Ebola virus disease adds further evidence to the existence of sub-clinical Ebola virus infection.FundingUS Food & Drug Administration, Horizon 2020 EU EVIDENT, Wellcome, UK Department for International Development.TranslationFor the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section