27 research outputs found
An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used in the Preparation of âAtikĂ©diâ: Local Alcoholic Beverages Commonly Consumed in LomĂ© Togo
Ethnobotanical relevance: Local alcoholic beverages âAtikĂ©diâ are produced in LomĂ© and consumed not only for pleasure but also for therapeutic purposes. They are produced out of âSodabiâ, distilled palm wine, mixed with plant organs. However, the exact composition of these beverages and the diseases they are supposed to treat are poorly documented to date in Togo. Aim of the study: To make an inventory of plants used by âAtikĂ©diâ beverages producers in LomĂ©. Materials and methods: Data collection was made through Semi Structured Interview. Data processing and analysis were done using Excel and Epi Info. Results: 267 outlets were identified with a predominance of stores (53.18%). 192 women and 75 men were interviewed. They belonged to 12 different ethnic groups with the majority being Ewe (127) and Ouatchi (71). Their age range varied from 25 to 70 years with an average of 42.6±7.9 years. 61 plants species were recorded belonging to 58 genera and 35 families. The most represented family was the Apocynaceae with five species followed by the Rutaceae and the Poaceae with four species each. Among 43 diseases managed by the plants, bacterial infections (ICF=0.95) and sexual weakness (ICF=0.95) were the most important pathologies. Conclusion: Producers of âAtikĂ©diâ used a wide range of medicinal plants. Pharmacological and toxicological studies of these plants will improve the quality of care provided by traditional medicine
Savoir traditionnel sur les plantes antipaludiques à propriétés analgésiques, utilisées dans le district de Bamako (Mali)
Objectif : Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de recenser les plantes utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge traditionnelle de la douleur palustre.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es de fĂ©vrier Ă mars 2011 dans le district de Bamako et le cercle de Kati. Les informations ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es par une nouvelle mĂ©thode dâenquĂȘte ethnobotanique dĂ©nommĂ©e «Achat en Triplet de Recettes MĂ©dicinales (ATRM)» couplĂ©e Ă lâinterview semi-structurĂ©e auprĂšs de vingt quatre tradipraticiens de santĂ© (herboristes et tradipraticiens de santĂ© composĂ©s de dix sept femmes (70,8%) et sept hommes (29,2%). Au total 54 espĂšces mĂ©dicinales appartenant Ă 52 genres de 21 familles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Les Fabaceae (ex-Caesalpiniaceae), les Rubiaceae, les Combretaceae et les Asteraceae sont les familles les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Onze espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es par les deux mĂ©thodes Ă la fois. Mitragyna inermis et Anogeissus leiocarpus Ă©taient les plus citĂ©es. Les recettes de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude sont principalement prĂ©parĂ©es par dĂ©coction (92,8%) et majoritairement administrĂ©es par voie orale (52,6%). Les espĂšces recensĂ©es provenaient principalement des savanes, foret, champs de culture et de jachĂšre. Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze, Afrormosia laxiflora (Benth. ex Bak.) Harms, Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth, Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels, Cassytha filiformis Linn., Tamarindus indica Linn., sont vĂ©ritablement menacĂ©es dans leur biotope Ă cause de leur surexploitation en mĂ©decine traditionnelle et mĂ©ritent dâĂȘtre sauvegardĂ©es pour leur conservation aux gĂ©nĂ©rations futures.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats : La prĂ©sente Ă©tude montre que les herboristes et tradipraticiens de santĂ© de Bamako connaissent des plantes analgĂ©siques utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme. Cette Ă©tude a aussi montrĂ© que certaines espĂšces sont menacĂ©es. Des investigations ultĂ©rieures sont nĂ©cessaires pour sĂ©lectionner certaines espĂšces identifiĂ©es puis vĂ©rifier in vivo leurs activitĂ©s analgĂ©siques.Mots clĂ©s : Ethnobotanique, plantes antipaludiques, propriĂ©tĂ©s analgĂ©siques, nouvelle mĂ©thode, Mali
EnquĂȘte Ethnobotanique Sur La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle De LâinfertilitĂ© FĂ©minine Dans La RĂ©gion Sanitaire Des Savanes Au Togo
Introduction: The management of female infertility by the conventional medicine is very expensive and its coast is unavailable for the very poor populations. In Africa, an important recourses of medicinal plants are available for health care. Objective: The present study was led to recorder traditional remedies use to treat female infertility in the Sanitary Savannas Region of Togo. Methodology: For data collection, semi interview was used. Data were processed and analysed using ethnobotanical quantitative index. The Selection by Progressive Elimination (SPE) was essentially used for the choice of species. Results: With 51 practitioners interviewed, 79 recipes constituted by 87 species belonging to 48 botanical families were collected. Combretaceae (12,64 %) and Rubiaceae (5,7 %) were the most frequent families. Trees (36,78 %) and shrubs (27,58%) were the main ports. Roots (29,17 %) and leaves (27,5 %) were the most used parts. Recipes were prepared frequently by decoction (51,88 %) and powder (38,12%), and were principally taken orally (47,28 %) and by body bath (43,48 %). Sexually transmitted infections (STI) (143 citations) and Painful menstruations (PM) (108 citations) were the most frequent pathologies. The highest Informants consensus factors were 0,61 and 0,56 respectively for STI and PM. The most important Fidelity degrees was 25,49 % for STI related to Capsicum frutescens and Piper guineense. Related to Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides the Fidelity degree was 19,61% for PM and STI. Blighia sapida, Ganoderma colossus, Kigelia africana and Mangifera indica were selected. Conclusion: Plants with highest fidelity degree and those selected by SPE will be subjected to laboratory tests
Screening Phytochimique, Ătude Toxicologique, Ăvaluation des ActivitĂ©s Antiplasmodiale et Antiradicalaire de la Tige FeuillĂ©e de Senna occidentalis Linn (Fabaceae)
La valorisation de la mĂ©decine traditionnelle passe par des Ă©tudes pharmacologiques sur les plantes mĂ©dicinales. Ainsi pour lutter efficacement contre le paludisme, premier problĂšme de santĂ© publique au Togo, des Ă©tudes pharmacologiques, phytochimiques et toxicologiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es sur Senna occidentalis. La compilation des rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes ethnobotaniques effectuĂ©es au CERFOPLAM de 2010 Ă 2013 sur le paludisme et ses symptĂŽmes affiliĂ©s ont permis de sĂ©lectionner Senna occidentalis afin de vĂ©rifier les propriĂ©tĂ©s qui lui sont attribuĂ©es. Les diffĂ©rents tests ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur les extraits aqueux et hydro-Ă©thanoliques 50 : 50 de la plante. LâactivitĂ© antiplasmodiale in vitro a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur une culture des parasites (Plasmodium falciparum : souche sauvage) selon le microtest optique. Le screening phytochimique a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ© par la chromatographie sur couche mince suivie de tests colorimĂ©triques. La toxicitĂ© prĂ©liminaire a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur Artemia salina puis le potentiel antioxydant in vitro des extraits a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© par le test de rĂ©duction du radical 2,2-diphĂ©nyl1-picryl-hydrazyl et le dosage des polyphĂ©nols. Le test antiplasmodial a montrĂ© que lâextrait aqueux a une activitĂ© modĂ©rĂ©e sur le P. falciparum avec une CI50 de 91,08 ± 0,61 ”g/mL tandis que lâextrait hydro-Ă©thanolique est trĂšs actif avec une CI50 de 1,00 ± 0,05 ”g/mL. La drogue de rĂ©fĂ©rence (Quinine) prĂ©sentant une CI50 = 0,45 ± 0,01 ”g/mL. Le screening phytochimique rĂ©vĂšle la prĂ©sence des grands groupes chimiques tels que les flavonoĂŻdes, les tanins, les saponosides, les coumarines et les alcaloĂŻdes qui seraient Ă lâorigine de lâactivitĂ© antiplasmodiale observĂ©e. Les tests antiradicalaires ont permis de retenir que Senna occidentalis nâest pas antioxydant et possĂšde trĂšs peu de polyphĂ©nols. Cet aspect confirme lâĂ©tat de stress que peut subir le Plasmodium falciparum vis-Ă -vis des diffĂ©rents extraits testĂ©s. Etant donnĂ© que les CL50 sont 3,31 mg/mL et 3,70 mg/mL donc trĂšs supĂ©rieures Ă 0,1 mg/mL, les deux extraits de plantes testĂ©s ne sont pas cytotoxiques. Tous ces rĂ©sultats combinĂ©s justifient le choix des tradipraticiens dans lâutilisation de Senna occidentalis pour soigner leurs patients atteints du paludisme.The valorization of traditional medicine involves pharmacological researches on medicinal plants. Thus, to effectively fight malaria, the major public health problem in Togo, pharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological studies were carried out on Senna occidentalis. The compilation of the results on ethnobotanical surveys carried out at CERFOPLAM from 2010 to 2013 on malaria and its affiliated symptoms lead to selecting Senna occidentalis in order to confirm the characteristics attributed to it. Various tests were carried out on aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts 50:50 of the plant. The antiplasmodial activity in vitro was carried out on cultivated parasites (Plasmodium falciparum: wild strain) according to the optical micro-test. Phytochemical screening was characterized by thin layer chromatography followed by colorimetric tests. The preliminary toxicity was carried out on Artemia salina then the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts was measured by the reduction test of the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl radical and the determination of the polyphenols. The antiplasmodial test showed that the aqueous extract has a moderate activity on P. falciparum with an IC50 of 91.08 ± 0.61 ÎŒg / mL while the hydroethanolic extract is very active with an IC50 of 1, 00 ± 0.05 ÎŒg / mL. The reference drug (Quinine) with an IC50 = 0.45 ± 0.01 ÎŒg / mL. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of large chemical groups such as flavonoids, tannins, saponosides, coumarins and alkaloids that may be responsible for the observed antiplasmodial activity. The antiradical tests have held that Senna occidentalis is not antioxidant and has got very few polyphenols. This aspect confirms the state of stress that Plasmodium falciparum can undergo against the various extracts tested. Since the LC50's are 3.31 mg / mL and 3.70 mg / mL, therefore, higher above 0.1 mg / mL, the two extracts from plants which were tested are not cytotoxic. The combination of all these results justif the choice of traditional healers in using Senna occidentalis to treat their patients suffering from malaria
Maize Fungal Growth Control with Scopoletin of Cassava Roots Produced in Benin
The chemical contamination of food is among the main public health issues in developing countries. With a view to find new natural bioactive products against fungi responsible for chemical contamination of staple food such as maize, the antifungal activity tests of scopoletin extracted from different components of the cassava root produced in Benin were carried out. The dosage of scopoletin from parts of the root (first skin, second skin, whole root, and flesh) was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The scopoletin extract was used to assess the activity of 12 strains (11 strains of maize and a reference strain). The presence of scopoletin was revealed in all components of the cassava root. Scopoletin extracted from the first skin cassava root was the most active both as inhibition of sporulation (52.29 to 87.91%) and the mycelial growth (36.51â80.41%). Scopoletin extract from the cassava root skins showed significant inhibitory activity on the tested strains with fungicide concentration (MFC) between 0.0125âmg/mL and 0.1âmg/mL. The antifungal scopoletin extracted from the cassava root skins may be well beneficial for the fungal control of the storage of maize
EnquĂȘte Ethnobotanique Sur Les Plantes MĂ©dicinales UtilisĂ©es Dans La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle Des Maladies Infectieuses Dans La RĂ©gion Sanitaire LomĂ©-Commune Du Togo
Afin de promouvoir la MĂ©decine traditionnelle togolaise (MTT), prĂ©server/conserver des savoirs et savoir-faire endogĂšnes, une enquĂȘte ethnobotanique a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e de Mai 2018 Ă Juillet 2019 pour recenser les recettes de plantes aux propriĂ©tĂ©s anti-infectieuses vendues dans les marchĂ©s de la RĂ©gion Sanitaire LomĂ©-Commune du Togo. ATRM(Achat en Triplet de Recettes MĂ©dicinales) a Ă©tĂ© la mĂ©thode de collecte des donnĂ©es. Les donnĂ©es recueillies qui portent sur les caractĂ©ristiques ethnopharmacologiques de ces recettes, ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©es et analysĂ©es avec des logiciels ethnobotaniques et statistiques appropriĂ©s afin de sĂ©lectionner quelques plantes pour de futurs tests de laboratoire. Cent deux (102) recettes dâassociation de plantes constituĂ©es par 68 espĂšces appartenant Ă 37 familles, ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Annonaceae et Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (5 espĂšces chacune), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4 espĂšces chacune), ont Ă©tĂ© les familles les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, avec respectivement 129, 75 et 63 citations, ont Ă©tĂ© les familles dont les espĂšces sont plus citĂ©es. Arbres (39,71%), herbes (38,24%), arbustes (14,7%), lianes (2,94%), arbrisseaux (2,94%) et palmiers (1,47%) ont Ă©tĂ© les types biologiques dâappartenance de ces espĂšces. Suivant les valeurs usuelles (VU), Lannea kerstingii (VU=2,29), Bridelia ferruginea(VU=2,00) et Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(VU=1,82) ont Ă©tĂ© les espĂšces plus usuelles. Ecorce de tronc (53,57%), racine (16,13%), tige feuillĂ©e (6,9%), plante entiĂšre (6,65%), fruit (6,28%), et Ă©corce de racine (6,04%) ont Ă©tĂ© les parties les plus utilisĂ©es des espĂšces recensĂ©es qui sont prĂ©parĂ©es par dĂ©coction (93.14%) et macĂ©ration (6,86%) puis administrĂ©es exclusivement par voie orale. Bridelia ferrugiea et Chamaechrista rotundifolia ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es pour de futurs tests antimicrobiens. Ces rĂ©sultats illustrent la richesse de la MTT en connaissances endogĂšnes sur les plantes aux propriĂ©tĂ©s anti-infectieuses.
In order to promote traditional Togolese medicine, to preserve and conserve endogenous knowledge and expertise, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out from May 2018 to July 2019 to record the recipes of plants with anti-infectious properties sold in the markets of the LomĂ©-Commune Health Region of Togo. ATRM (Achat en Triplet de Recettes MĂ©dicinales) was the data collection method. The data collected about the ethnopharmacological ethnobotanical and statistical software for selection some plants for future laboratory tests. One hundred and two associations of plantâs recipes composited by 68 species belonging to 37 families were identified. Annonaceae and Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae(5 species each), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Leguminosae-Papilionoideae(4 specie each) were the most represented families while Anacardiaceae(129 citations), Euphorbiaceae(75 citations) and Leguminosae-Mimosoideae(63 citations) were family of the most cited species. Trees(39.71%), grasses(38.24%), shrubs(14.7%), lianas(2.94%), bushes(2.94%) and palms(1.47%) were the different biological types to which these species belonged. According to the Used value(UV) Lannea kerstingii(UV=2.29), Bridelia ferruginea(UV=2.00) and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(UV=1.82) were the most usual species. Stem bark(53.57%), root(16.13%), leafy stem(6.9%), whole plant(6.65%), fruit(6.28%), and root bark(6.04%) were the most commonly used parts of the listed species. These recipes which are prepared by decoction (93.14%) and maceration(6.86%) are administered exclusively by oral route. Bridelia ferrugiea and Chamaechrista rotundifolia were selected for laboratory tests to evaluate their antimicrobial activities in future. Conclusion: These results illustrate the richness of traditional Togolese medicine in endogenous knowledge about anti-infectiousâ medicinal plants
Activité analgésique de quatre plantes utilisées dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme au Mali et au Togo
En Afrique, plusieurs personnes utilisent les plantes mĂ©dicinales pour traiter lâinflammation et la douleur. Lâobjectif du prĂ©sent travail Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer lâeffet analgĂ©sique de Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Cleome viscosa Linn., Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze et Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich.) Hochst utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme au Mali et au Togo. Le matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal (feuilles, rameau feuillĂ©, Ă©corce de tronc et partie aĂ©rienne) des espĂšces a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ© au Mali et au Togo. Les extraits aqueux du matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©s pour rĂ©aliser dâune part lâanalyse phytochimique Ă lâaide de la chromatographie sur couche mince et dâautre part lâĂ©valuation de leur activitĂ© analgĂ©sique sur la douleur induite avec lâacide acĂ©tique chez les souris. Lâanalyse phytochimique a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les extraits de plantes contenaient des tanins, flavonoĂŻdes, alcaloĂŻdes, stĂ©rols et terpĂšnes, et des saponosides. Dans lâensemble, toutes les plantes protĂšgent contre la douleur. Cependant, Cymbopogon citratus et Mitragyna inermis ont prĂ©sentĂ© les meilleures protections. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s analgĂ©siques des extraits aqueux de ces plantes ont un grand intĂ©rĂȘt dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme.Mots clĂ©s: Plantes antipaludiques, propriĂ©tĂ©s analgĂ©siques, Mali, Togo
Enquete ethnobotanique sur les plantes hepatoprotectrices utilisees par le groupe ethnique Adja du Togo, Riverain au Parc National de Togodo-Sud
Les connaissances endogĂšnes sur les plantes et recettes de plantes utilisĂ©es en mĂ©decine traditionnelle togolaise pour traiter les maladies hĂ©patiques sont peu documentĂ©es. Câest dans ce contexte que la prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© entreprise pour en rĂ©pertorier ces savoirs et savoirs faire sur les plantes hĂ©pato-protectrices du Togo. Des enquĂȘtes ethnobotaniques ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es de juin 2011 Ă mai 2015 pour recenser auprĂšs des populations du groupe ethnique ââAdjaââ, riveraines au Parc National de Togodo-Sud, situĂ© dans la RĂ©gion Sanitaire Maritime du Togo, les plantes hĂ©pato-protectrices utilisĂ©es par les tradithĂ©rapeutes. LâInterview semi structurĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© la mĂ©thode de collecte de donnĂ©e. Les chefs traditionnels ont contribuĂ© Ă faciliter la mobilisation des tradithĂ©rapeutes et Ă lâobtention de leur consentement Ă©clairĂ© Ă participer Ă lâĂ©tude. Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es par les logiciels SPPS 8.1 et R 2.0 pour en ressortir les caractĂ©ristiques ethnopharmacologiques.AuprĂšs de 89 herboristes et tradithĂ©rapeutes (21 femmes et 68 hommes), 202 recettes hĂ©pato-protectrices ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es. Ces recettes sont composĂ©es par 91 espĂšces appartenant Ă 40 familles dont les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es sont les Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae et Rubiaceae. Sanseviera liberiaca, Cocos nucifera, Lipia multiflora, Euphorbia hirta, Gomphrena celosioides et Lannea kerstingii ont Ă©tĂ© les espĂšces les plus citĂ©es. Les recettes sont prĂ©parĂ©es essentiellement par dĂ©coction (49,03%) et macĂ©ration (39,22%). Elles sont administrĂ©es par voie orale (79,41%), par voie cutanĂ©e (18,62%) et par gouttes oculaires (1,97%). Les hĂ©patites (57%), lâictĂšre (35%), la constipation (5%), la fiĂšvre typhoĂŻde (2%) et lâoedĂšme (1%), ont Ă©tĂ© les maladies du foie citĂ©es. La tige feuillĂ©e (28%), les feuilles (23%) lâĂ©corce de tronc (12%) et les racines (11%) ont Ă©tĂ© les organes les plus utilisĂ©s. Lâutilisation des parties sensibles comme les Ă©corces, les racines et bulbe Ă 37%, inquiĂšte pour la conservation de lâespĂšce et reprĂ©sente de sĂ©rieuses menaces pour la diversitĂ© biologique. Douze recettes ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es pour Ă©valuer au laboratoire, leurs activitĂ©s hĂ©pato-protectrices afin de valider leurs utilisations en mĂ©decine traditionnelle togolaise pour soigner les maladies du foie.Mots clĂ©s: EnquĂȘte ethnobotanique, Plantes hĂ©pato-protectrices, Parc National, Togodo-Sud, TogoEnglish Title: Ethnobotanical survey of hepato-protective plants used by Adja ethnic group of Togo around the National Park of Togodo-SudEnglish AbstractEthnobotanical surveys were conducted with respondants providing from the '' Adja ''ethnic group of riparian population of National Park Togodo-Sud located in the Maritime Sanitary Region of Togo. The semi-structured interview was the method of data collection about plants used to treat liver diseases. Traditional leaders have helped to facilitate the mobilization of traditional healers and to obtain their informed consent to participate to the survey.With 89 traditional healers (21 women and 68 men), 202 hepato-protective recipes were collected. These recipes are composed by 91 species belonging to 40 botanical families. The most represented families were Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae. Sanseviera liberiaca, Cocos nucifera, Lipia multiflora, Euphorbia hirta, Gomphrena celosioides and Lannea kerstingii were the most cited species. Recipes were prepared essentially by decoction (49.03%) and maceration (39.22%). They were administered orally (79.41%), by body bath (18.62%) and by eye route (1.97%). Hepatitis (57%), jaundice (35%), constipation (5%), typhoid (2%) and oedema (1%) were the liver diseases cited. Leafy stem (28%), leaves (23%), stem bark (12%) and roots (11%) were the most used organs. The use of sensitive parts such as bark, roots and bulb with 37%, are concerned for the conservation of the species and represents a serious threat to biodiversity. Twelve recipes were selected to evaluate at laboratory, their hepato-protective activities to validate Togolese knowledge in traditional medicine to treat liver diseases.Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey, Hepato-protective plants, National Park, Togodo-Sud, Tog