Mixed Ion-Polaron Glasses as New Cathode Materials

Electrical transport in mixed ion-polaron glasses has been investigated in four series of glasses containing transition metal oxides (TMO) namely WO3/MoO3, and Na+/Ag+ ions with the composition xWO3- (30-0.5x)Na2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, xWO3-(30- 0.5x)Ag2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, xMoO3-(30-0.5x)Na2O- (30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, and xMoO3-(30-0.5x)Ag2O-(30- 0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, 0 ≤ x ≤ 60 (mol%). The DC conductivity of Na-glasses up to 30 mol% of WO3 and MoO3 is almost identical due to the dominance of ionic conductivity. In this compositional region, the introduction of tungstate and molybdate units increases the mobility of sodium ions and compensates the decrease in sodium number density. On the other hand, with increasing WO3 and MoO3 content and decreasing Ag+ ion concentration in Ag-glasses the DC conductivity decreases for few orders of magnitude. A significant difference in conductivity is observed for glasses with higher WO3 and MoO3 content. While for glasses containing WO3 the conductivity rapidly increases due to a huge polaronic contribution indicating a turnover from predominantly ionic to polaronic transport, the conductivity for MoO3- glasses decreases in the entire mixed compositional range suggesting dominant ionic transport. The changes in the conduction mechanism with the systematic alternation of the glass composition have been analyzed in correlation with the structural modifications and variations of molybdenum and tungsten in different oxidation states

Structure-Property Correlation in Sodium Borophosphate Glasses Modified with Niobium Oxide

Bulk glasses of the series (100−x)[0.4Na2O-0.2Nb2O5-0.4P2O5]-xB2O3 with x = 0–48 mol% B2O3 were prepared by slow cooling in air. Their glass transition temperature increases within the range of 0–16 mol% B2O3, but further additions of B2O3 result in its decrease. Their structure was investigated by Raman, 11B, and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The relative number of BO4 units decreases with increasing B2O3 content, while the number of BO3 units increases up to 59 % at x = 48. The upfield shift of a broad resonance peak in the 31P MAS NMR spectra is ascribed to an increasing connectedness of the structural network with increasing B2O3 content. A strong Raman band at 916–929 cm−1 shows the presence of NbO6 octahedra in the structural network of these glasses. With the B2O3 addition, a decrease in DC conductivity is observed, which is attributed to the decrease in the concentration of Na+ ions

Sodium-Ion Conductivity and Humidity-Sensing Properties of Na2O-MoO3-P2O5 Glass-Ceramics

A series of glass-ceramics were prepared by heat- treatments of 40Na2O-30MoO3-30P2O5 (in mol%) glass in a temperature range from 380 (Tg) to 490 °C (Tc) and for 1–24 h. The prepared glass-ceramics contain from 2 to 25 wt.% of crystalline NaMoO2PO4. The sodium-ion conductivity in these materials decreases up to one order of magnitude with an increase in the degree of crystallization due to the immobilization of sodium ions in crystalline NaMoO2PO4. The transport of sodium ions in these materials occurs primarily through the dominant continuous glassy phase, and it is weakly affected by the sporadically distributed crystalline grains. However, the prepared glassceramics exhibit high proton conductivity in a humid atmosphere and remarkable humidity-sensing properties ; this could be related to crystalline NaMoO2PO4, which provides sites for water adsorption. The glass-ceramic prepared at 450 °C for 24 h shows the best humidity-sensing performance among all samples, showing an increase in proton conductivity for more than seven orders of magnitude with the increase in relative humidity from 0% to 95%. Under a highly humid atmosphere (95% relative humidity and 25 °C), the proton conductivity of this glass-ceramic reaches 5.2 ×10−3 (Ω cm)−1. Moreover, the electrical response of these materials on the change in the relative humidity is linear and reversible in the entire range of the relative humidity, which indicates that they are novel promising candidates for application as humidity sensors

Usury - crime and social phenomenon

This work deals with usury, is dealt with as a social phenomenon, illegal activities and crime. It has 240 pages, is divided into five parts, it is complemented by two appendices and a bibliography. The work uses methods of historical comparisons of current legislation and practices with the laws of the historical processes and is also used for comparison of Czech legislation with international usury laws as emphasis is placed on the practical side of things, so they are discussed decisions of the Czech and foreign judicial authorities in relation to particular cases. The first part of the paper interprets the concept of usury and directly engaged in the development of access to usury from the philosophical, historical and legal perspective. The second part consists of an analysis of usury legislation 11 countries of Europe and America, which are highlighted differences between the laws of the court and court decisions of the individual countries in both civil and criminal matters relating to usury. The third part of civil law, usury contained in the Czech Republic and studied approach of the Czech judiciary on this issue on examples from practice, work concerns and influence enforcement and arbitration in this area. The fourth part deals with the Czech legal treatment of criminal usury and is..

Crime of usury

Katedra trestního právaDepartment of Criminal LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Analýza výskytu nepravého jádra u buku na ŠLP Masarykův les Křtiny

False heart is the most common defect in European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Analysis was performed on experimental data forest district Bílovice nad Svitavou. The aim of this study was to clarify the probability of false heart in beech stands, depending on age, social status, health status and habitat conditions. Logistic model shows the probability of occurrence of false heart and linear model reflects the size false heart. Analysis has shown that health is the greatest influence on the formation heart. Based on the results was formulated recommendations for practice, which has an occurrence false heart limit to the minimum level

Nekróza jasanu Chalara fraxinea - fenologie, bionomie, charakteristika symptomy, rozšíření na revíru Běstvina, LS Nasavrky, LCR, s.p.

The population of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is decimated in most European countries a pathogenic fungus Chalara fraxinea. This is the main cause of decline and death of common ash. This thesis deals with occurrence and impact of this fungus on common ash forests in Železné Mountain. For comparison mortality stands were selected three sites. From the collected material on the sites was successfully isolated by the laboratory pathogen. Results of field monitoring showed that the damage is very serious and threatening to collapse populations of ash stands