106 research outputs found
Quantitative Evaluation by Glucose Diffusion of Microleakage in Aged Calcium Silicate-Based Open-Sandwich Restorations
This study compared the
in vitro marginal integrity of
open-sandwich restorations based on aged calcium
silicate cement versus resin-modified glass ionomer
cement. Class II cavities were prepared on 30
extracted human third molars. These teeth were
randomly assigned to two groups (n = 10) to compare a new hydraulic calcium silicate cement
designed for restorative dentistry (Biodentine,
Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) with a
resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Ionolux, Voco,
Cuxhaven, Germany) in open-sandwich restorations
covered with a light-cured composite. Positive
(n = 5) and negative
(n = 5) controls were included. The
teeth simultaneously underwent thermocycling and
mechanocycling using a fatigue cycling machine (1,440
cycles, 5–55°C; 86,400 cycles,
50 N/cm2). The specimens were then
stored in phosphate-buffered saline to simulate aging.
After 1 year, the teeth were submitted to glucose
diffusion, and the resulting data were analyzed with a
nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The Biodentine group
and the Ionolux group presented glucose concentrations
of 0.074 ± 0.035 g/L and 0.080 ±
0.032 g/L, respectively. No statistically
significant differences were detected between the two
groups. Therefore, the calcium silicate-based material
performs as well as the resin-modified glass ionomer
cement in open-sandwich restorations
A reinterpretation of the relation between firm-specific pay inequalities and productivity
The main objective of this paper is to question the interpretation of the usually-found positive correlation between firm-specific pay inequalities and productivity. We estimate from French employer-employee matched data this correlation and confirm that it is positive, even after accounting for fixed unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity using instrumental variables. This result is consistent with the idea that wage inequality is one of the tools that are available to stimulate workers productivity. However, in such a framework, pay inequality is an optimization variable controlled by the firm, and should therefore appear as endogenous. This is not the case: tests show that variations in pay inequality are exogenous, i.e. they are imposed to the firm in a way that is uncorrelated to other unobserved determinants of productivity. We therefore adapt the standard model of incentive theory to make it compatible with this exogeneity property, along the lines of Lazear (1989). The model that we develop is a model where the choice of a higher or lower degree of pay inequality is fully constrained by an exogenous technical characteristic of the firm, i.e. the varying importance of collective and individual effort in its production function. In such a context, the degree of pay inequality is interpreted as an indirect measure of this technical characteristic. We confirm this interpretation by examining the relationship between pay inequality and organizational characteristics of firms measured by the REPONSE survey.Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs, LaborManagement Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining, Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
S98RS SGR No. 11 (PAWS Account)
A RESOLUTION
To recommend to the Executive Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs and Provost, Dr. Dan Fogel, and subsequently to the appropriate Faculty Senate Committees to encourage teachers of all 1000-level courses, or below, to have students obtain a PAWS account and perform an assignment requiring use of the Internet
Environmental changes and violent conflict
This letter reviews the scientific literature on whether and how environmental changes affect the risk of violent conflict. The available evidence from qualitative case studies indicates that environmental stress can contribute to violent conflict in some specific cases. Results from quantitative large-N studies, however, strongly suggest that we should be careful in drawing general conclusions. Those large-N studies that we regard as the most sophisticated ones obtain results that are not robust to alternative model specifications and, thus, have been debated. This suggests that environmental changes may, under specific circumstances, increase the risk of violent conflict, but not necessarily in a systematic way and unconditionally. Hence there is, to date, no scientific consensus on the impact of environmental changes on violent conflict. This letter also highlights the most important challenges for further research on the subject. One of the key issues is that the effects of environmental changes on violent conflict are likely to be contingent on a set of economic and political conditions that determine adaptation capacity. In the authors' view, the most important indirect effects are likely to lead from environmental changes via economic performance and migration to violent conflict. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd
S98RS SGR No. 9 (Res Life Visitor Hours)
A RESOLUTION
To recommend to Chancellor Jenkins and to the LSU Department of Residential Life that a new policy of 24-hour weekend visitation be adopted in University residence halls
Conflict and Livelihood Decisions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh
__Abstract__
We analyse rural household livelihood and child school enrolment
decisions
in the post-conflict setting of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region of
Bangladesh. What makes this paper innovative is the use of current subjective perceptions
regarding the possibility of violence in the future and past actual experiences
of violence in explaining household economic decision-making. Preferences
are endogenous in line with behavioural economics. Regression results show that
heightened subjective perceptions of future violence and past actual experiences
of conflict influence current consumption and child enrolment and could encourage
risky mixed crop cultivation. The trauma emanating from past experiences
combined with current high perceptions of risk of violence may induce bolder
and riskier behaviour in line with prospect theories of risk. Furthermore, a postconflic
Effective-Range Expansion of the Neutron-Deuteron Scattering Studied by a Quark-Model Nonlocal Gaussian Potential
The S-wave effective range parameters of the neutron-deuteron (nd) scattering
are derived in the Faddeev formalism, using a nonlocal Gaussian potential based
on the quark-model baryon-baryon interaction fss2. The spin-doublet low-energy
eigenphase shift is sufficiently attractive to reproduce predictions by the
AV18 plus Urbana three-nucleon force, yielding the observed value of the
doublet scattering length and the correct differential cross sections below the
deuteron breakup threshold. This conclusion is consistent with the previous
result for the triton binding energy, which is nearly reproduced by fss2
without reinforcing it with the three-nucleon force.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures and 6 tables, submitted to Prog. Theor. Phy
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