115 research outputs found
Application des rĂ©seaux de neurones formels pour la prĂ©vision des dĂ©bits mensuels du Bandama blanc Ă la station de Tortiya (Nord de la CĂŽte dâIvoire)
Plusieurs travaux tĂ©moignent de la capacitĂ© des rĂ©seaux de neurones Ă modĂ©liser les dĂ©bits des riviĂšres. Malheureusement on ignore actuellement si ces modĂšles neuronaux sont performants pour la prĂ©vision du binĂŽme pluie-dĂ©bit en rĂ©gime tropical humide en gĂ©nĂ©ral et particuliĂšrement sur le Bandama Blanc dans le Nord de la CĂŽte dâIvoire. Ce travail de recherche permettra de vĂ©rifier lâefficacitĂ© des rĂ©seaux de neurones formels pour la prĂ©vision des dĂ©bits mensuels du Bandama Blanc Ă partir de la relation pluie-dĂ©bit qui est non-linĂ©aire. Trois modĂšles de rĂ©seaux de neurones ont donc Ă©tĂ© optimisĂ©s afin dâatteindre cet objectif. Une base de donnĂ©es composĂ©e du dĂ©bit, de la pluie, de la tempĂ©rature et de lâEvapotranspiration Potentiel (ETP) au pas de temps mensuel Ă Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e comme entrĂ©e de ces modĂšles.Ces donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© normalisĂ©es entre 0 et 1 et subdivisĂ©es en deux blocs : un premier bloc composĂ© des 2/3 des donnĂ©es (1971-1988) pour lâapprentissage et un second bloc composĂ© du 1/3 des donnĂ©es (1989- 1997) pour la validation. Ces modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© optimisĂ©s avec lâapprentissage supervisĂ©. Le critĂšre de Nash-Sutcliffe et le coefficient de corrĂ©lation (R) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour tester la performance de ces modĂšles. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que tous les modĂšles expriment plus de 70% de la variation des dĂ©bits du Bandama Blanc Ă Tortiya. Pour tous ces modĂšles, les valeurs du critĂšre de Nash-Sutcliffe calculĂ©es sont nettement supĂ©rieures Ă 70% et les coefficients de corrĂ©lation de Pearson sont trĂšs Ă©levĂ©s et supĂ©rieurs Ă 0,80. Mais, malgrĂ© ces bonnes performances, les dĂ©bits extrĂȘmes sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement mal modĂ©lisĂ©s.Mots-clĂ©s : modĂ©lisation, apprentissage, perceptron multicouches, riviĂšre
Isolation of phytoplasma DNA from the coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) collected from Ghana
This study aimed to verify the presence of the causative agent of Lethal Yellowing which is phytoplasma in samples provided from infected coconut trees. Study was carried out by using various samples like zygotic embryo, young leaves and immature & mature inflorescences. These materials were collected from trees at the stage 1 and 2 of the disease development.. Stage 1 of disease development is characterized by leaf yellowing and the start of the falling nuts while at the stage 2 of disease development, the trees has not bear nuts longer. From infected material, DNA was extracted by three different processes and isolated DNA was amplified by PCR. 16S rRNA gene was amplified by two specific primers of phytoplama viz P1/P2 and Ghana 813/AKSR. Among the various tested materials presence of phytoplasma was reported from the mature inflorescences while the presence of the phytoplasma was not reported from the leaves and embryos of the coconut
Evaluation de la Qualite de Vie des Enfants et Adolescents Inclus dans Un Programme de Prise en Charge Tridimensionnelle de lâExces Ponderal a Abidjan (CĂŽte dâIvore)
Contexte et objectif : LâobĂ©sitĂ© affecte la qualitĂ© de vie des sujets concernĂ©s, et de façon particuliĂšre les plus jeunes qui font lâobjet de moquerie. Ainsi, un programme de coaching tripartite : un aspect nutritionnel, un volet promotion de la pratique dâactivitĂ© physique, et un volet accompagnement psychologique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a donc Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e avec pour objectif de mesurer lâimpact de ce programme de coaching mis en place sur la qualitĂ© de vie des enfants et adolescents obĂšses qui en Ă©taient les bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. MĂ©thode : Il sâest agi dâune Ă©tude de cohorte Ă deux mesures avant et aprĂšs la mise en place du coaching. Celle-ci sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e avec un Ă©chantillon de 136 enfants et adolescents de 6 Ă 17 ans, soit sur une pĂ©riode de 18 mois, au Service de Nutrition de lâInstitut National de SantĂ© Publique dâAbidjan. La qualitĂ© de vie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide du questionnaire PedsQL (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) dans sa version 4 adaptĂ© pour les besoins de lâĂ©tude. Il Ă©tait composĂ© de la dimension physique et la santĂ© psychosociale. RĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtĂ©s Ă©taient des deux sexes avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine (58,8%) et Ă©taient tous scolarisĂ©s. A la fin du programme de coaching en santĂ© on note une amĂ©lioration de la dimension physique qui devient acceptable chez 71,8% des enfants et adolescents et une meilleure Ă©volution de la dimension psychosociale et la qualitĂ© de vie dâacceptable Ă bonne. Un lien significatif (p < 0,05) a Ă©tĂ© plus observĂ© entre la santĂ© psychosociale, le poids moyen et lâindice de masse corporelle des adolescents de 12 Ă 19 ans Ă lâissu de ce programme que chez les enfants. Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude situe sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt du programme de coaching en santĂ© dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes lors de la prise en charge de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile.
Context and objective : Obesity affects the quality of life of the subjects concerned, and in particular the youngest who are made fun of. Thus, a tripartite coaching program: a nutritional aspect, a component promoting the practice of physical activity, and a psychological support component. The present study was therefore initiated with the aim of measuring the impact of this coaching program set up on the quality of life of obese children and adolescents who were the beneficiaries. Method : This was a two-measure cohort study before and after the implementation of coaching. This took place with a sample of 136 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17, over a period of 18 months, at the Nutrition Service of the National Institute of Public Health in Abidjan. Quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL questionnaire (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) in its version 4 adapted for the needs of the study. It was composed of the physical dimension and the psychosocial health. Results: The respondents were of both sexes with a female predominance (58.8%) and were all educated. At the end of the health coaching program, there is an improvement in the physical dimension which becomes acceptable in 71.8% of children and adolescents and a better evolution of the psychosocial dimension and the quality of life from acceptable to good. A significant link (p < 0.05) was observed between psychosocial health, average weight and body mass index in adolescents aged 12 to 19 at the end of this program than in children. Conclusion : This study situates the interest of the health coaching program in improving the quality of life of people during the management of childhood obesity
Evaluation de la Qualite de Vie des Enfants et Adolescents Inclus dans Un Programme de Prise en Charge Tridimensionnelle de lâExces Ponderal a Abidjan (CĂŽte dâIvore)
Contexte et objectif : LâobĂ©sitĂ© affecte la qualitĂ© de vie des sujets concernĂ©s, et de façon particuliĂšre les plus jeunes qui font lâobjet de moquerie. Ainsi, un programme de coaching tripartite : un aspect nutritionnel, un volet promotion de la pratique dâactivitĂ© physique, et un volet accompagnement psychologique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a donc Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e avec pour objectif de mesurer lâimpact de ce programme de coaching mis en place sur la qualitĂ© de vie des enfants et adolescents obĂšses qui en Ă©taient les bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. MĂ©thode : Il sâest agi dâune Ă©tude de cohorte Ă deux mesures avant et aprĂšs la mise en place du coaching. Celle-ci sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e avec un Ă©chantillon de 136 enfants et adolescents de 6 Ă 17 ans, soit sur une pĂ©riode de 18 mois, au Service de Nutrition de lâInstitut National de SantĂ© Publique dâAbidjan. La qualitĂ© de vie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide du questionnaire PedsQL (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) dans sa version 4 adaptĂ© pour les besoins de lâĂ©tude. Il Ă©tait composĂ© de la dimension physique et la santĂ© psychosociale. RĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtĂ©s Ă©taient des deux sexes avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine (58,8%) et Ă©taient tous scolarisĂ©s. A la fin du programme de coaching en santĂ© on note une amĂ©lioration de la dimension physique qui devient acceptable chez 71,8% des enfants et adolescents et une meilleure Ă©volution de la dimension psychosociale et la qualitĂ© de vie dâacceptable Ă bonne. Un lien significatif (p < 0,05) a Ă©tĂ© plus observĂ© entre la santĂ© psychosociale, le poids moyen et lâindice de masse corporelle des adolescents de 12 Ă 19 ans Ă lâissu de ce programme que chez les enfants. Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude situe sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt du programme de coaching en santĂ© dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes lors de la prise en charge de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile.
Context and objective : Obesity affects the quality of life of the subjects concerned, and in particular the youngest who are made fun of. Thus, a tripartite coaching program: a nutritional aspect, a component promoting the practice of physical activity, and a psychological support component. The present study was therefore initiated with the aim of measuring the impact of this coaching program set up on the quality of life of obese children and adolescents who were the beneficiaries. Method : This was a two-measure cohort study before and after the implementation of coaching. This took place with a sample of 136 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17, over a period of 18 months, at the Nutrition Service of the National Institute of Public Health in Abidjan. Quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL questionnaire (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) in its version 4 adapted for the needs of the study. It was composed of the physical dimension and the psychosocial health. Results: The respondents were of both sexes with a female predominance (58.8%) and were all educated. At the end of the health coaching program, there is an improvement in the physical dimension which becomes acceptable in 71.8% of children and adolescents and a better evolution of the psychosocial dimension and the quality of life from acceptable to good. A significant link (p < 0.05) was observed between psychosocial health, average weight and body mass index in adolescents aged 12 to 19 at the end of this program than in children. Conclusion : This study situates the interest of the health coaching program in improving the quality of life of people during the management of childhood obesity
Evaluation de la Qualite de Vie des Enfants et Adolescents Inclus dans un Programme de Prise en Charge Tridimensionnelle de lâExces Ponderal a Abidjan (CĂŽte dâIvoire)
Contexte et objectif : LâobĂ©sitĂ© affecte la qualitĂ© de vie des sujets concernĂ©s, et de façon particuliĂšre les plus jeunes qui font lâobjet de moquerie. Ainsi, un programme de coaching tripartite : un aspect nutritionnel, un volet promotion de la pratique dâactivitĂ© physique, et un volet accompagnement psychologique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a donc Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e avec pour objectif de mesurer lâimpact de ce programme de coaching mis en place sur la qualitĂ© de vie des enfants et adolescents obĂšses qui en Ă©taient les bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il sâest agi dâune Ă©tude de cohorte Ă deux mesures avant et aprĂšs la mise en place du coaching. Celle-ci sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e avec un Ă©chantillon de 136 enfants et adolescents de 6 Ă 17 ans, soit sur une pĂ©riode de 18 mois, au Service de Nutrition de lâInstitut National de SantĂ© Publique dâAbidjan. La qualitĂ© de vie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide du questionnaire PedsQL (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) dans sa version 4 adaptĂ© pour les besoins de lâĂ©tude. Il Ă©tait composĂ© de la dimension physique et la santĂ© psychosociale. RĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtĂ©s Ă©taient des deux sexes avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine (58,8%) et Ă©taient tous scolarisĂ©s. A la fin du programme de coaching en santĂ© on note une amĂ©lioration de la dimension physique qui devient acceptable chez 71,8% des enfants et adolescents et une meilleure Ă©volution de la dimension psychosociale et la qualitĂ© de vie dâacceptable Ă bonne. Un lien significatif (p < 0,05) a Ă©tĂ© plus observĂ© entre la santĂ© psychosociale, le poids moyen et lâindice de masse corporelle des adolescents de 12 Ă 19 ans Ă lâissu de ce programme que chez les enfants. Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude situe sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt du programme de coaching en santĂ© dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes lors de la prise en charge de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile. En effet, elle confirme que la prise en charge psychologique est un Ă©lĂ©ment important dans la prise en charge de la malnutrition.
Context and objective: Obesity affects the quality of life of the subjects concerned, and in particular the youngest who are made fun of. Thus, a tripartite coaching program: a nutritional aspect, a component promoting the practice of physical activity, and a psychological support component. The present study was therefore initiated with the aim of measuring the impact of this coaching program set up on the quality of life of obese children and adolescents who were the beneficiaries. Material and methods: This were a two-measure cohort study before and after the implementation of coaching. This took place with a sample of 136 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17, over a period of 18 months, at the Nutrition Service of the National Institute of Public Health in Abidjan. Quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL questionnaire (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) in its version 4 adapted for the needs of the study. It was composed of the physical dimension and the psychosocial health. Results: The respondents were of both sexes with a female predominance (58.8%) and were all educated. At the end of the health coaching program, there is an improvement in the physical dimension which becomes acceptable in 71.8% of children and adolescents and a better evolution of the psychosocial dimension and the quality of life from acceptable to good. A significant link (p < 0.05) was observed between psychosocial health, average weight and body mass index in adolescents aged 12 to 19 at the end of this program than in children. Conclusion: This study situates the interest of the health coaching program in improving the quality of life of people during the management of childhood obesity. Indeed, it confirms that psychological care is an important element in the management of malnutrition
Identification des risques climatiques en riziculture pluviale dans le centre de la Cote dâIvoire
Cette Ă©tude a pour but dâidentifier les risques climatiques majeurs auxquels est confrontĂ©e la culture du riz pluvial dans le centre de la CĂŽte dâIvoire. A partir des donnĂ©es mĂ©tĂ©orologiques relevĂ©es sur trente-sept annĂ©es et traitĂ©es Ă lâaide des logiciels Instat+ version 3.036 et Xlstat version 2018, divers indices climatiques et Ă©vĂ©nements agro-climatiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s et analysĂ©s. La hausse des tempĂ©ratures maximales, le dĂ©marrage tardif de la saison des pluies, la variabilitĂ© des dates de dĂ©marrage de la saison des pluies, les faux dĂ©parts de la saison des pluies, le raccourcissement de la saison des pluies, la baisse du cumul pluviomĂ©trique saisonnier, les sĂ©cheresses saisonniĂšres et les dĂ©ficits hydriques constituent les risques climatiques majeurs pour la culture du riz pluvial. Au regard de la nature des risques climatiques identifiĂ©s, la sĂ©lection de variĂ©tĂ©s de riz pluvial plus rĂ©sistantes au stress hydrique ainsi que la dĂ©termination de pĂ©riodes optimales de semis pourraient constituer des mesures efficaces dâattĂ©nuation ou dâadaptation Ă ces risques.
Mots clĂ©s : risques climatiques, riz pluvial, adaptation, attĂ©nuation, CĂŽte dâIvoire.
English Title: Identification of climatic risks affecting rainfed rice cultivation in central Cote dâIvoire
This study aims to identify the major climatic risks affecting rainfed rice cultivation in central CĂŽte dâIvoire. Based on meteorological data collected over thirty-seven years and analyzed with Instat+ version 3.036 and Xlstat version 2018 softwares, several climate indices and agro-climatic events have been determined and analyzed. Increase in maximum temperatures, late start of the rainy season, variability in rainy season start dates, false starts of the rainy season, shortening of the rainy season, decrease in cumulated seasonal rainfall, seasonal droughts and water deficits are the major climate risks for rainfed rice. Considering the nature of the identified climatic risks, the selection of rainfed rice varieties that are more resistant to water stress and the determination of optimal sowing periods could represent effective mitigation or adaptation measures.
Keywords : climatic hazards, rainfed rice, adaptation, mitigation, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Evaluation de la Qualite de Vie des Enfants et Adolescents Inclus dans un Programme de Prise en Charge Tridimensionnelle de lâExces Ponderal a Abidjan (CĂŽte dâIvoire)
Contexte et objectif : LâobĂ©sitĂ© affecte la qualitĂ© de vie des sujets concernĂ©s, et de façon particuliĂšre les plus jeunes qui font lâobjet de moquerie. Ainsi, un programme de coaching tripartite : un aspect nutritionnel, un volet promotion de la pratique dâactivitĂ© physique, et un volet accompagnement psychologique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a donc Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e avec pour objectif de mesurer lâimpact de ce programme de coaching mis en place sur la qualitĂ© de vie des enfants et adolescents obĂšses qui en Ă©taient les bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il sâest agi dâune Ă©tude de cohorte Ă deux mesures avant et aprĂšs la mise en place du coaching. Celle-ci sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e avec un Ă©chantillon de 136 enfants et adolescents de 6 Ă 17 ans, soit sur une pĂ©riode de 18 mois, au Service de Nutrition de lâInstitut National de SantĂ© Publique dâAbidjan. La qualitĂ© de vie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide du questionnaire PedsQL (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) dans sa version 4 adaptĂ© pour les besoins de lâĂ©tude. Il Ă©tait composĂ© de la dimension physique et la santĂ© psychosociale. RĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtĂ©s Ă©taient des deux sexes avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine (58,8%) et Ă©taient tous scolarisĂ©s. A la fin du programme de coaching en santĂ© on note une amĂ©lioration de la dimension physique qui devient acceptable chez 71,8% des enfants et adolescents et une meilleure Ă©volution de la dimension psychosociale et la qualitĂ© de vie dâacceptable Ă bonne. Un lien significatif (p < 0,05) a Ă©tĂ© plus observĂ© entre la santĂ© psychosociale, le poids moyen et lâindice de masse corporelle des adolescents de 12 Ă 19 ans Ă lâissu de ce programme que chez les enfants. Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude situe sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt du programme de coaching en santĂ© dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes lors de la prise en charge de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile. En effet, elle confirme que la prise en charge psychologique est un Ă©lĂ©ment important dans la prise en charge de la malnutrition.
Context and objective: Obesity affects the quality of life of the subjects concerned, and in particular the youngest who are made fun of. Thus, a tripartite coaching program: a nutritional aspect, a component promoting the practice of physical activity, and a psychological support component. The present study was therefore initiated with the aim of measuring the impact of this coaching program set up on the quality of life of obese children and adolescents who were the beneficiaries. Material and methods: This were a two-measure cohort study before and after the implementation of coaching. This took place with a sample of 136 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17, over a period of 18 months, at the Nutrition Service of the National Institute of Public Health in Abidjan. Quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL questionnaire (the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) in its version 4 adapted for the needs of the study. It was composed of the physical dimension and the psychosocial health. Results: The respondents were of both sexes with a female predominance (58.8%) and were all educated. At the end of the health coaching program, there is an improvement in the physical dimension which becomes acceptable in 71.8% of children and adolescents and a better evolution of the psychosocial dimension and the quality of life from acceptable to good. A significant link (p < 0.05) was observed between psychosocial health, average weight and body mass index in adolescents aged 12 to 19 at the end of this program than in children. Conclusion: This study situates the interest of the health coaching program in improving the quality of life of people during the management of childhood obesity. Indeed, it confirms that psychological care is an important element in the management of malnutrition
Optimisation des conditions dâetablissement de suspensions cellulaires embryogenes a partir de cals dâapex caulinaire de mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.)
Lâisolement de protoplastes en vue de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de plantes transgĂ©niques chez les monocotylĂ©dones dĂ©pend de la qualitĂ© des suspensions cellulaires embryogĂšnes. Ce travail a pour objectif dâĂ©tablir les conditions optimales dâĂ©tablissement de suspensions cellulaires embryogĂšnes rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rables en plantes pour permettre une transformation gĂ©nĂ©tique ultĂ©rieure. Ce travail rĂ©alisĂ©, pour la premiĂšre fois, sur des variĂ©tĂ©s de Pennisetum glaucum de CĂŽte dâIvoire, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© les facteurs qui influent sur lâĂ©tablissement et la croissance des suspensions cellulaires embryogĂšnes Ă partir de cals dâapex caulinaires. En effet, lâĂ©tablissement de suspensions cellulaires embryogĂšnes a Ă©tĂ© obtenu au bout de 8 semaines, lorsque la premiĂšre filtration a Ă©tĂ© faite aprĂšs 2 semaines et que les amas de cals ont Ă©tĂ© broyĂ©s Ă chaque filtration. En dĂ©but de culture, lorsque le volume du milieu de culture a Ă©tĂ© faible (30 ml), la croissance de la suspension cellulaire embryogĂšne a Ă©tĂ© dâautant meilleure que lâintervalle de temps entre les subcultures a Ă©tĂ© plus court (3 jours). Inversement, un intervalle de temps plus long (6 jours) entre les subcultures sâest montrĂ© meilleur pour de grands volumes de milieu de culture (60 ml). La croissance de la suspension cellulaire embryogĂšne a Ă©tĂ© comparable sur les deux milieux de culture utilisĂ©s (MS et N6).Mots clĂ©s : In vitro, suspension cellulaire, cal embryogĂšne, Pennisetum glaucum, CĂŽte dâIvoire.EFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR ESTABLISHING EMBRYOGENIC CELL SUSPENSIONS DERIVED FROM STEMAPEX CALLUS IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.)Isolation of protoplasts for the regeneration of transgenic monocotyledonous plants depends on the quality of embryogenic cell suspensions. This work aims to establish the optimal conditions for the establishment of regenerable embryogenic cell suspensions of plants to enable further genetic transformation. This work released for the first time, on varieties of Pennisetum glaucum from CĂŽte dâIvoire revealed the factors that influence the establishment (the date of the first filtration and the grinding of the callus) and the growth (the mass of the initial heap of callus, the volume of the culture medium and the time interval between subcultures) of embryogenic cell suspensions derived from stem apex callus. It appears that the establishment of embryogenic cell suspension is obtained after 8 weeks when the first filtration takes place after two weeks and heaps of callus are ground at each filtration. During the first days of culture, when the volume of the culture medium is low (30 ml), the growth of embryogenic cell suspension is better if the time interval between the subcultures is shorter (3 days). Conversely, a longer period of time (6 days) between subcultures is needed for larger volumes of culture medium (60 ml). The growth of embryogenic cell suspension is similar on both culture media used (MS and N6).Keywords : Tissue culture, embryogenic cell suspension, callus, Pennisetum glaucum, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Optimisation des conditions de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de plantes fertiles Ă partir de suspensions cellulaires issues de cals embryogenĂšse dâapex caulinaire de mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.)
Ce travail a pour objectif dâĂ©tablir les conditions optimales de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de plantes fertiles Ă partir de suspensions cellulaires embryogĂšnes en vue de leur utilisation pour une transformation gĂ©nĂ©tique par bombardements de protoplastes. Ce travail rĂ©alisĂ© sur des variĂ©tĂ©s de Pennisetum glaucum de CĂŽte dâIvoire a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence les facteurs qui influent (taille et Ăąge des cals, milieu de conditonnement, et Ăąge de la suspension cellulaire) sur la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de plantes fertiles. Il ressort de cette Ă©tude que la taille des cals et les milieux de conditionnement utilisĂ©s nâont aucun effet sur le taux de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de plantes fertiles. Cependant, lâĂąge de la suspension cellulaire obtenue Ă partir de cals embryogĂšnes et lâĂąge du cal initiateur de la suspension cellulaire influent sur le taux de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Le taux de plantes normales rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es est Ă©levĂ©Â durant les deux premiers mois de culture de la suspension cellulaire initiĂ©e Ă partir des cals de 2-3 mois (60 Ă Â 70%). Les plantes rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es prĂ©sentent les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques de croissance vĂ©gĂ©tative (taille, longueur de la chandelle, nombre de barres, longueur de lâĂ©pi) que les plantes tĂ©moins. Pour le rendement, les plantes rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es portent moins de grains (412) que les plantes tĂ©moins (715).Mots clĂ©s : Plantes fertiles, suspension cellulaire, cal embryogĂšne, Pennisetum glaucum, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Development of backcross generations and new interspecific hybrid combinations for introgression breeding in eggplant (Solanum melongena)
[EN] Introgression breeding can contribute to broadening the genetic background of eggplant (Solanum melongena). We used six eggplant varieties and 44 interspecific hybrids between these eggplant accessions and 10 accessions of wild relatives from the primary genepool species S. insanum and secondary genepool species S. anguivi, S. dasyphyllum, S. incanum, S. lichtensteinii, and S. tomentosum to obtain first backcross generations to S. melongena. Pollen viability in cultivated and wild parents and interspecific hybrids with S. insanum was high, while for interspecific hybrids with secondary genepool species it was variable. First backcross generations to S. melongena were obtained with interspecific hybrids of all the wild species, with the best results being obtained in crosses with hybrids between S. melongena and S. insanum. However, ample differences were observed among eggplant varieties in the success of the crosses. Additionally, the six eggplant varieties were crossed with secondary genepool species S. campylacanthum, S. lidii and S. vespertilio and with tertiary genepool species S. bonariense, S. elaeagnifolium and S. sisymbriifolium with the aim of obtaining new interspecific hybrids. Successful interspecific hybridization was achieved with the three new secondary genepool species tested and, using embryo rescue, with the tertiary genepool species S. elaeagnifolium. The new backcross generations and interspecific hybrids obtained will contribute to broadening the genetic background of the eggplant and to the genetic enhancement of this crop.This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Mew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. This work has also been funded in part by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops) and from Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO/FEDER, EU). Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract.Kouassi, B.; Prohens TomĂĄs, J.; Gramazio, P.; Kouassi, A.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; GalĂĄn-Ăvila, A.; Herraiz GarcĂa, FJ.... (2016). Development of backcross generations and new interspecific hybrid combinations for introgression breeding in eggplant (Solanum melongena). Scientia Horticulturae. 213:199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.10.039S19920721
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