19 research outputs found

    Les services collectifs de transport intra-urbain à Bouaké : des offres de mobilité à hauts risques pour les populations

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    BouakĂ©, deuxiĂšme ville de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire aprĂšs Abidjan, connaĂźt une dynamique urbaine importante. Dans cette urbanisation galopante, l’absence d’un service de transports collectifs rĂ©guliers de type autobus, a favorisĂ© la naissance de trois modes de transport Ă  caractĂšre collectif. Les minibus communĂ©ment appelĂ©s gbakas et les taxis communaux ont vu le jour Ă  l’indĂ©pendance avant que n’apparaissent en 2002 les motos-taxis pendant la crise militaro-politique. Mais la qualitĂ© du service, l’état des vĂ©hicules et le non-respect des rĂšgles Ă©lĂ©mentaires de sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre constituent des dangers permanents dans leur utilisation pour les populations qui se retrouvent parfois sans autre alternative.BouakĂ©, second city of CĂŽte d’Ivoire after Abidjan has been experiencing an important and dynamic urbanization. In this running phenomenon, the non-attendance of a constant public transportation services such as autobuses engendered the birth of three modes of public transport. Minibuses, commonly known as gbakas and communal taxis appeared in after independence before then appeared in 2002 the bikes taxi, during the political and armed conflict. Despite, some permanent dangers such as the bad quality of the services and the vehicles linked to these types of mutual transport Bouaké’s citizens use them. For, they sometimes have no choice

    Etat Phytosanitaire Dans Les Plantations Industrielles De Bananiers Dans La Lutte Contre La Cercosporiose Noire En Cîte d’Ivoire

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    La cercosporiose noire causĂ©e par le champignon Mycosphaerella fijiensis dĂ©truit le feuillage du bananier. Cette maladie apparaĂźt sous forme de petits tirets noirs allongĂ©s sur les feuilles qui Ă©voluent trĂšs rapidement en nĂ©croses gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©es qui peuvent aboutir Ă  la destruction totale des feuilles du bananier avant la rĂ©colte du rĂ©gime. Elle entraĂźne ainsi une diminution des rendements et une maturation prĂ©coce des fruits. Les stratĂ©gies de lutte raisonnĂ©e pour le contrĂŽle de la maladie qui s’appuient sur les mĂ©thodes d’avertissement, reposent sur le suivi de la maladie en bananeraie et sur l’observation de descripteurs climatiques (pluies, humiditĂ©, etc.). Cette Ă©tude portant sur l’environnement de production et sur l’organisation des Ă©quipes phytosanitaires, a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e de 2008 Ă  2012 dans douze plantations industrielles de bananiers de CĂŽte d’Ivoire. L’évaluation de l’état phytosanitaire a portĂ© sur les caractĂ©ristiques environnementales (contrĂŽle de l’enherbement, gestion de l’humiditĂ© et bordures des parcelles) et sur l’organisation des Ă©quipes phytosanitaires. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les plantations Eglin Ă  Agboville, Ă  AzaguiĂ© et Ă  MotobĂ© ; WANITA Dabou ont prĂ©sentĂ© un Ă©tat sanitaire acceptable, avec une nette progression des paramĂštres environnementaux observĂ©s. Quant aux plantations TIABAM, Rouchard TagbadiĂ©, CDBCI AzaguiĂ© et SAKJ Aboisso, elles prĂ©sentent des inquiĂ©tudes dans le redressement de l’état sanitaire de leurs parcelles. DĂšs 2010, toutesles plantations avaient la prĂ©sence des Ă©quipes phytosanitaires qui numĂ©risaient les observations de la maladie et faisaient le suivi rĂ©gulier de l’évolution de la maladie. L’ensemble des plantations a montrĂ© une Ă©volution positive dans la prise en compte des paramĂštres essentiels pour une gestion efficiente de la cercosporiose noire. Black Sigatoka caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, destroys the foliage of banana. This disease appears as small elongated black dashes on the leaves which develop very rapidly into widespread necrosis which can lead to total destruction of banana leaves before the harvest of the bunch. It thus leads to reduced yields and early fruit ripening. Rational disease control strategies based on warning methods are based on monitoring the disease in banana plantations and on the observation of climatic descriptors (rainfall, humidity, etc.). This study on the production environment and the organization of phytosanitary teams was carried out from 2008 to 2012 in twelve industrial banana plantations in Ivory Coast. The evaluation of the phytosanitary status focused on the environmental characteristics (grassing control, moisture management and plot borders) and on the organization of the phytosanitary teams. The results showed that the Eglin plantations in Agboville, AzaguiĂ© and MotobĂ©; WANITA Dabou presented an acceptable sanitary state, with a clear progression of the observed environmental parameters. As for the TIABAM, Rouchard TagbadiĂ©, CDBCI AzaguiĂ© and SAKJ Aboisso plantations, they showed concern in the recovery of the sanitary state of their plots. As of 2010, all plantations had the presence of phytosanitary teams who digitized the observations of the disease and regularly monitored the evolution of the disease. All the plantations showed a positive evolution in taking into account the essential parameters for an efficient management of black Sigatoka

    Effet de DiffĂ©rentes Doses d’Engrais MinĂ©raux sur le Rendement de deux VariĂ©tĂ©s de Patate Douce [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam] Ă  BouakĂ©, Centre de la CĂŽte d'Ivoire

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    L'Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite sur deux campagnes (2015/2016 et 2016/2017) afin d’évaluer l’effet de l’apport d’engrais minĂ©raux (NPK 15-15-15 et 12-22- 22) sur le rendement de deux variĂ©tĂ©s de patate douce Ă  BouakĂ©. L’essai a Ă©tĂ© conduit selon un dispositif expĂ©rimental split-plot comportant deux variĂ©tĂ©s de patate douce (Tib-440060 et Irene) et cinq niveaux de fertilisation (0, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg/ha) en trois rĂ©pĂ©titions. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les engrais minĂ©raux ont eu un effet positif sur les composantes du rendement des racines tubĂ©reuses. Les rĂ©sultats de l'Ă©tude ont Ă©galement montrĂ© que l'apport d'engrais minĂ©raux n’a pas modifiĂ© les paramĂštres organoleptiques mesurĂ©s Ă  savoir le goĂ»t, l’aspect, la cuisson et la contenance en eau de la patate douce. La variĂ©tĂ© Irene semble plus s’accommoder Ă  la fertilisation minĂ©rale par rapport Ă  la variĂ©tĂ© Tib-440060. The study was conducted over two seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) to assess the effect of mineral fertilizer inputs (NPK 15-15-15 and 12-22-22) on the yield of two sweet potato varieties in BouakĂ©. The test was conducted using a split-plot experimental design with two varieties of sweet potato (Tib-440060 and Irene) and five levels of fertilization (0, 200, 300, 400, 400, 500 kg/ha) in three repetitions. The results showed that mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the yield components of tuberous roots. The results of the study also showed that the use of mineral fertilizers did not modify the organoleptic parameters measured, namely the taste, appearance, cooking and water content of the sweet potato. Irene variety seems to be more suited to mineral fertilization than the Tib-440060 variety

    Clef D’identification Morphologique De Cinq Clones D’hevea (Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Recommandes En Cote d’Ivoire

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  dĂ©terminer un nombre rĂ©duit de critĂšres morphologiques pour la diffĂ©renciation des cinq clones (GT 1, PB 217, IRCA 41, 230 et IRCA 331) recommandĂ©s en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. L’objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral est d’éviter les mĂ©langes clonaux observĂ©s dans les Jardins Ă  bois de greffes (JBG) d’hĂ©vĂ©a, servant au greffage du matĂ©riel de plantation utilisĂ© par des planteurs. Ainsi, ces clones ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crits dans deux JBG Ă  l’aide de 27 critĂšres morphologiques utilisĂ©s dans le monde. Pour chacun des clones, la description a portĂ© sur 25 plants sains de trois ou quatre Ă©tages foliaires dont la conformitĂ© clonale a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e Ă  l’aide des marqueurs molĂ©culaires microsatellites. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que six critĂšres permettent de discriminer clairement ces cinq clones : couleur des feuilles, coupe transversale de la foliole centrale, forme de l’avant dernier Ă©tage foliaire, glandes nectarifĂšres, longueur et l’orientation du pĂ©tiolule central. Le clone GT 1 s’identifie par la couleur vertfoncĂ© des feuilles et d’un long pĂ©tiolule (> 1,4 cm), le clone PB 217 par des feuilles vert-clair avec de court pĂ©tiolule (≀ 0,9 cm), le clone IRCA 331 par un Ă©tage foliaire conique, des pĂ©tiolules droits et des folioles centrales plates. Les clones IRCA 230 et IRCA 41 se distinguent l’un de l’autre par les glandes nectarifĂšres abondantes et peu abondantes, respectivement. Cette investigation doit ĂȘtre menĂ©e dans d'autres localitĂ©s dans le but de tester la stabilitĂ© de ces six critĂšres dans l'espace et le temps. This paper focuses on determining a reduced number of morphological criteria for the differentiation of the five clones (GT 1, PB 217, IRCA 41, 230 and IRCA 331) recommended in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The general objective is to avoid the clonal mixtures observed in the graft wood garden (GWG) of rubber, which is used to graft planting material used by planters. These clones have been described in two GWG using 27 morphological criteria around the world. For each clone, the description looked at 25 healthy plants of three or four shape of the leaf floors clonal compliance. This was confirmed using microsatellite molecular markers. The results showed that six criteria made it possible to clearly differentiate these five clones: colour of the leaves, the cross-section of the central leaflet, the shape of the leaf floors, the nectariferous glands, the length and orientation of the central petolule. The GT 1 clone is identified by the dark green colour of the leaves and a long petiolule ( 1,4 cm), the PB 217 clone by light green leaves with short petiolule (0.9 cm), and the IRCA 331 clone by a conical shape of the leaf floors, straight petiolules, and flat central leaflets. The IRCA 230 and IRCA 41 clones are distinguished by the abundant and infrequent nectariferous glands, respectively. This investigation should be carried out in other localities with the aim of testing the stability of these six criteria in space and time

    Ethyl 5-cyano-8-nitro-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a]quinoline-5-carboxylate

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    In the title compound, C17H19N3O4, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal structure features inversion dimers linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

    Effet de la PĂ©riode de Pollinisation Manuelle sur la Fructification de l’igname (Dioscorea rotundata Poir; Dioscoreaceae) en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    D. rotundata is the most popular species among consumers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. However, its production is stagnating due to the many constraints associated with its cultivation, particularly virus diseases. The use of improved varieties from sexual reproduction could effectively contribute to sustainable production. This work aimed to evaluate the crossing period in order to increase fruiting rates in this species. A total of 28 intra-specific crosses were carried out using 4 female and 7 male clones from the CNRA-BouakĂ© yam collection. Two time slots H1 (from 7:30 to 11:00) and H2 (from 11:00 to 13:30), selected for crossings, were compared to determine the optimal pollination period. Out of 30061 pollinated flowers, 2249 fruits were obtained i.e 7.48% with a variation range from 1.16 to 51.06% as the average fruiting rate depending on the clone combinations. Fruiting rates were significantly higher in H1 (8.53%) compared to 6.22% in H2. The female clone, Cnraigr09/00001, has recorded the highest fruiting rate especially in H1 (18.10%). Similarly, the male clones CIVCDr072, TDr00/00380 and TDr95/18555 have got the highest rates in H1 with 9.3; 9.8 and 16.3% respectively compared to those in H2. The couple Cnraigr09/00001 x TDr99/18555 recorded fruiting rates of 35.41% and 8.78% statistically different at schedule H1 and H2, respectively. A strong variation in the fruiting rate in favor of the H1 schedule was obtained between the different clone combinations.L’igname D. rotundata est l’espĂšce la plus apprĂ©ciĂ©e des consommateurs en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Cependant, sa production stagne du fait des nombreuses contraintes liĂ©es Ă  sa culture notamment les viroses. L’utilisation de variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es issues de reproduction sexuelle, pourrait contribuer efficacement Ă  une production durable. Ce travail visait Ă  Ă©valuer la pĂ©riode des croisements afin d’accroitre les taux de fructifications chez cette espĂšce. Au total, 28 croisements intra-spĂ©cifiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s en utilisant 4 clones femelles et 7 clones mĂąles issus de la collection d’ignames du CNRA-BouakĂ©. Deux plages horaires H1 (de 7h30 Ă  11h) et H2 (de 11h Ă  13h30), retenues pour les croisements ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es en vue de dĂ©terminer la pĂ©riode optimale de pollinisation. Sur 30061 fleurs pollinisĂ©es, 2249 fruits ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus soit 7,48% avec une variation allant de 1,16 Ă  51,06% de taux moyen de fructification selon les combinaisons de clones. Les taux de fructifications ont Ă©tĂ© significativement plus Ă©levĂ©s en H1 (8,53%) contre 6,22% en H2. Le clone femelle, Cnraigr09/00001 a eu le taux de fructification le plus Ă©levĂ© et spĂ©cialement en H1 (18,10%). De mĂȘme les clones mĂąles CIVCDr072, TDr00/00380 et TDr95/18555 ont eu les meilleurs taux en H1 avec respectivement 9,3 ; 9,8 et 16,3% par rapport Ă  H2. Le couple Cnraigr09/00001 x TDr99/18555 a donnĂ© des taux de fructifications 35,41% et 8,78% statistiquement diffĂ©rents aux horaires H1 et H2, respectivement. Une forte variation du taux de fructification en faveur de l’horaire H1 a Ă©tĂ© obtenue entre les diffĂ©rentes combinaisons de clones

    Yam Cropping System in Cote d’Ivoire: Current Practices and Constraints

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    Yam is the first food crop in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. It is being cultivated under a traditional technique system with low output. Detailed profiling of the current practices and opportunities for improvement is essential to increase the benefits of yam for food security and income in the country. This study diagnosed the current practices, constraints, and requirements in order to gain insight on the yam cropping system for research and development in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The surveys were conducted in seven (7) regions in the main yam production area. Groups of 60 producers per region were investigated. Individual surveys were also conducted on-farm, particularly for diagnosing the physical environment and yam-based production systems. As results, yambased production systems are characterized by mixed cropping (cassava, corn and vegetable crops) and/or rotation with various other crops (rice, groundnut, vegetable crops, 
). Preferred plots for yam cultivation are forest, savannah or fallow areas. The major constraints in yam cultivation were the effects of environmental stresses, labor scarcity, pest damage, tuber and seed storage difficulties as well as the low market value of yam. The most cultivated yam varieties are BĂštĂš-BĂštĂš and Florido for Dioscorea alata and Lokpa for Dioscorea rotundata. The cropping system, the species and varieties vary according to the region, the topo sequence and the type of soil. Knowledgebuilding that take into account constraints related to yam cultivation, for each production area, can serve as guidance for variety breeding and cultivation environment redefinition

    La commercialisation des lĂ©gumes cultivĂ©s dans l’espace urbanisĂ© de Bouaké : une rĂ©organisation des intermĂ©diaires commerciaux

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    La ville de BouakĂ© (CĂŽte d’Ivoire) offre un cadre physique favorable Ă  l’activitĂ© agricole. Depuis des dĂ©cennies, une diversitĂ© de lĂ©gumes est produite dans les nombreux bas-fonds qui segmentent la ville et dans d’autres sites agricoles. Ces vivriers frais suivent plusieurs itinĂ©raires de vente depuis les producteurs jusqu’aux consommateurs. Ces itinĂ©raires sont animĂ©s par divers intermĂ©diaires commerciaux hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes. Sur la pĂ©riode 1960-1980, on distinguait un trio d’intermĂ©diaires commerciaux de lĂ©gumes composĂ© d’une sociĂ©tĂ© d’Etat (AGRIPAC) et de deux entitĂ©s privĂ©es. Pendant la dĂ©cennie 1980-1990, face aux difficultĂ©s d’organisation interne et de gestion financiĂšre liĂ©es Ă  ses charges, l’Etat est contraint de mettre fin aux activitĂ©s d’AGRIPAC et de rĂ©orienter sa politique du secteur vivrier. En consĂ©quence, dans l’animation des circuits de vente des lĂ©gumes cultivĂ©s Ă  BouakĂ©, on assiste au fil du temps Ă  une restructuration de l’aval de la chaĂźne avec l’émergence de nouveaux intermĂ©diaires commerciaux. Cette contribution vise Ă  cerner la typologie des intermĂ©diaires commerciaux et leurs modes de fonctionnement dans les diffĂ©rents circuits de ventes des lĂ©gumes produits dans l’espace urbanisĂ© de BouakĂ©.The town of BouakĂ© (Ivory Coast) offers a physical environment favourable to agricultural activity. For decades, a diversity of vegetables has been produced in the many slums that divide up the city and other agricultural sites. These fresh food products follow several sales routes from producers to consumers. These routes are run by various commercial intermediaries. During the period 1960-1980, there was a distinction between a trio of commercial vegetable intermediaries consisting of a state-owned company (AGRIPAC) and two private entities. Around the decade 1980-1990, faced with the difficulties of internal organization and financial management related to its expenses, the State was forced to put an end to the activities of AGRIPAC and to reorient its policy towards the food sector. As a result, the marketing channels for vegetables grown in BouakĂ© have been reorganised over time. This contribution aims to identify the typology of commercial intermediaries and their methods of operation in the different sales channels of vegetables produced in the urban area of BouakĂ©

    CompĂ©tition entre bĂąti et agriculture dans la conquĂȘte des bas-fonds de la ville de Bouaké : le savoir-faire ou les actions stratĂ©giques des citadins-agriculteurs pour prĂ©server les espaces agricoles

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    Land is of crucial importance for housing in Ivoirian cities, just like in most African cities. Even areas non suitable for housing are more and more sought after. In the city of Bouaké, there is a growing competition over such areas, mainly shallows, between the housing sector and urban farmers. On the one hand, there is the housing sector that is pushing hard, by actively looking after shallows to expand its infrastructures. On the other hand, there is urban agriculture, that has been implemented and practiced for decades now, thanks to the skills of urban farmers, and which intends to be present in these urban wetlands for the long run

    CompĂ©tition entre bĂąti et agriculture dans la conquĂȘte des bas-fonds de la ville de Bouaké : le savoir-faire ou les actions stratĂ©giques des citadins-agriculteurs pour prĂ©server les espaces agricoles

    No full text
    Land is of crucial importance for housing in Ivoirian cities, just like in most African cities. Even areas non suitable for housing are more and more sought after. In the city of Bouaké, there is a growing competition over such areas, mainly shallows, between the housing sector and urban farmers. On the one hand, there is the housing sector that is pushing hard, by actively looking after shallows to expand its infrastructures. On the other hand, there is urban agriculture, that has been implemented and practiced for decades now, thanks to the skills of urban farmers, and which intends to be present in these urban wetlands for the long run
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