Jeunes Migrants Et Consommation De Drogues Dans La Region Du Haut-Sassandra En Cote d’Ivoire (Daloa)

The purpose of the present work was to identify the explanatory factors of drug use among young migrants in the Upper Sassandra region, particularly in Daloa. It combined a mixed approach using a questionnaire and interview guide to collect data from all stakeholders involved in the relationship between young migrant status and drug use. In this perspective, young migrants as well as institutional and community actors were interviewed the geographical field of the sub-districts of the city of Daloa which is presented by several works as a hub of immigration. The working hypothesis that the practice of drug use among young migrants in Daloa is determined by factors related to social, psychological and financial vulnerability related to this status is validated in this work

Étude Ethnobotanique Des Plantes Utilisées Dans L’artisanat Chez Les Agni Du Centre-Est Et Nord-Est De La Côte d’Ivoire

Dans le but de valoriser le savoir traditionnel des plantes utilisées dans l’artisanat, une enquête ethnobotanique a été conduite chez quatre tribus Agni du Centre-est et du Nord-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les entretiens semi-structurés à travers l’approche du « porte-à-porte » suivis de randonnées dans le milieu environnant ont permis d’obtenir les informations sur l’usage des plantes. Cette étude a montré que 104 espèces réparties en 95 genres et 35 familles sont utilisées dans l’artisanat. Pour ces quatre tribus, seulement 14,42% des plantes ont un indice d’importance culturelle élevé. Il s’agit entre autres de Baissea multiflora, Holarrhena floribunda, Mansonia altissima, Nauclea diderrichii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, etc. L’analyse du coefficient de Jaccard a montré des différences majeures au niveau de l’usage des plantes entre ces quatre communautés, avec seulement 13,46% d’usage commun. Il a été également observé que les savoirs liés aux plantes à usage artisanal s’érodent progressivement, à cause notamment de l’abondance des matériaux modernes et surtout de la raréfaction des plantes utilisées due à la dégradation de l’environnement. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among four Agni tribes in the central-eastern and north-eastern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to valorize the traditional knowledge of plants used in handicrafts. Semi-structured interviews through the "door-to-door" approach followed by walks in the adjacent vegetation provided information on the use of plants. This study showed that 104 species divided into 95 genera and 35 families are used in local handicrafts. For these four tribes, only 14.42% of the plants have a high index of cultural importance. These include Baissea multiflora, Holarrhena floribunda, Mansonia altissima, Nauclea diderrichii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Pseudocedrela kotschyi etc. The analysis of Jaccard's coefficient showed differences in the use of plants between these four communities, with only 13.46% of these plants in common use. The knowledge related to plants for artisanal use is gradually deteriorating, for several reasons: obsolescence of uses, the unavailability of plants due to environmental degradation and competition with modern materials

Variation des Composés Phénoliques suite à l’Elicitation du Cotonnier suivie d’Inoculation à Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Vasinfectum

La fusariose causée par Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum est une maladie qui entraîne le plus de dommages dans la culture cotonnière. Cependant, l’utilisation de pesticides notamment les fongicides comme solution pour faire face à l’agent pathogène s’est avérée non seulement inefficace mais entraîne des problèmes de toxicité, de pollution de l’environnement, de santé et même de biodiversité. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier la variabilité de la production de composés phénoliques impliqués dans le système de défense naturelle du cotonnier. Ainsi, l’application des éliciteurs MeJA et FOS11 (10%) sur les plants de cotonnier suivis d’inoculation à FOV a permis la synthèse de novode composés phénoliques en plus des composés préexistants. Par ailleurs, l’accumulation des composés phénoliques a été amplifiée suite à l’application de ces deux éliciteurs suivie de l’inoculation à FOV. Les plants de cotonnier ont été donc équipés de composés qui ont anticipés l’attaque de FOV. Toutefois, la FOS11 (10%) a induit la production d’un plus grand nombre de composés phénoliques que le MeJA. La FOS11 (10%) a donc été retenu comme meilleur éliciteur naturelle de la stimulation des défenses naturelles du cotonnier. Fusarium blight caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum is a disease that causes the most damage in cotton growing. However, the use of pesticides, especially fungicides as a solution to the pathogen, has proven to be not only ineffective but also leads to problems of toxicity, environmental pollution, health and even biodiversity. The objective of this work wasto study the variability of the production of phenolic compounds involved in the natural defense system of the cotton plant. Thus, the application of the MeJA and OSF 11 elicitors (10%) on the cotton plants followed by inoculation with FOV allowed the de novo synthesis of phenolic compounds in addition to the preexisting compounds. Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was amplified following the application of these two elicitors followed by inoculation with FOV. The cotton plants were therefore equipped with compounds that anticipated the FOV attack. However, OSF 11 (10%) induced the production of more phenolic compounds than MeJA. OSF 11 (10%) was therefore chosen as the best natural elicitor of the stimulation of the natural defenses of cotton

Usages Traditionnels Et Disponibilité Des Plantes Exploitées Dans L’artisanat Chez Les Populations Koulango Et Lobi De La Périphérie Est Du Parc National De La Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire

Cette étude vise à faire l’inventaire et à évaluer la disponibilité des plantes utilisées dans la construction et la confection des outils par les populations Koulango et Lobi. Les enquêtes ethnobotaniques à travers les approches du « porte à porte » et des randonnées ont permis d’obtenir les informations sur les usages des plantes. La disponibilité des ressources a été évaluée à travers l'indice de raréfaction à partir des relevés de surface. Le niveau de connaissance des usages des plantes a été évalué à l’aide de la fréquence de citation. L’intensité d’utilisation des plantes a été calculée grâce à la valeur d’usage ethnobotanique. Les similitudes entre les usages des plantes ont été révélées grâce à la classification hiérarchique ascendante. Le statut des espèces a été déterminé par l’indice de raréfaction. De ces travaux, il ressort que 39 plantes appartenant à 38 genres et 22 familles sont utilisées dans la construction et 55 espèces végétales, reparties en 48 genres et 22 familles, sont utilisées dans la fabrication des objets domestiques. Les usages de six plantes sont très connus. Il s'agit de Raphia sudanica (92,15%), Vitellaria paradoxa (89,6%), Khaya senegalensis (83,05%), Pterocarpus erinaceus (70,15%), Phoenix reclinata (52,75%) et Pseudocedrela kotschyi (51,7%). Pour les deux ethnies confondues, cinq plantes sont les plus utilisées. Ce sont Raphia sudanica (1,84), Vitellaria paradoxa (1,76), Phoenix reclinata (1,74), Khaya senegalensis (1,66) et Pterocarpus erinaceus (1,38). Plusieurs plantes dont Bombax costatum, Ceiba pentandra, Adansonia digitata ont des individus juvéniles et adultes très rares dans le PNC comme dans le domaine rural. This paper focuses on keeping inventory and assessing the availability of plants used in the construction and making of tools by the Koulango and Lobi populations. Ethnobotanical surveys through door-to-door and trekking approaches have provided information on the uses of plants. The availability of resources was assessed using the scarcity index from surface surveys. The level of knowledge of plant uses was assessed using the frequency of citation. The intensity of use of the plants was calculated using the ethnobotanical use value. The similarities between the uses of plants were revealed, thanks to the ascending hierarchical classification. The status of the species was determined by the depletion index. From this work, it emerges that 39 plants belonging to 38 genera and 22 families are used in construction. 55 plant species, divided into 48 genera and 22 families, are used in the manufacture of household objects. The uses of six plants are well known. These are Raphia sudanica (92.15%), Vitellaria paradoxa (89.6%), Khaya senegalensis (83.05%), Pterocarpus erinaceus (70.15%), Phoenix reclinata (52.75%), and Pseudocedrela kotschyi (51.7%). For the two ethnic groups combined, five plants are the most used. These are Raphia sudanica (1.84), Vitellaria paradoxa (1.76), Phoenix reclinata (1.74), Khaya senegalensis (1.66), and Pterocarpus erinaceus (1.38). Several plants, including Bombax costatum, Ceiba pentandra, Adansonia digitata, have juvenile and adult individuals which are very rare in the PNC as in the rural area

Rationalités socio-culturelles de l’alimentation infantile de migrants Baoulé et Burkinabé à Zoukougbeu (Centre-Ouest Côte d’Ivoire)

Résumé : Cette étude s’est appuyée sur l’hypothèse qu’à l’échelle de la paysannerie ivoirienne, la disparition de la forêt, la pauvreté des sols, l’utilisation de l’herbicide et autres engrais et le changement climatique ne favorisent pas une alimentation satisfaisante en faveur des enfants. L’unité d’analyse a été le ménage. L’enquête de type qualitatif s’est déroulée auprès de 200 familles Baoulé (allochtones) et Burkinabè, tous immigrants et grands producteurs agricoles dans le département de Zoukougbeu. L’analyse met en exergue un symbolisme linguistique qualifiant l’abondance ou le déficit d’aliment. Ces peuples essayent toutefois de mettre en œuvre des stratégies de production et de conservation des aliments, mais ils se retrouvent avec une pratique nutritionnelle insuffisante et une mauvaise perception des maladies infantiles. Des millions de paysans sont exposés au "spectre de la malnutrition". Mots-clés : paysannerie, production agricole, sécurité nutritionnelle infantile, immigrant, Côte d’Ivoir

Forest Dynamics in the North of the Classified Forest of Haut-Sassandra During the Period of Armed Conflicts in Ivory Coast

peer reviewe

Cartographie De La Vulnérabilité À La Pollution Des Aquifères Du Socle Précambrien : Cas De La Région D’oumé (Centre-Ouest De La Côte D’ivoire)

Development of agricultural and mining activities and the rapid growth of the population (3.8%) in Oumé’s area, constitute a potential risk of groundwater’s pollutions. This study interested Oumé’s area and aims to elaborate a map of vulnerability to pollution for a better management of groundwaters. The database is constituted by various data in particular, geological, hydrogeological, geomorphological, pluviometric data and satellite image. Methods DRASTIC and GOD were used in this study. Results of DRASTIC method indicated that 31.86% of study area have a very low vulnerability, 68.12% a low vulnerability and 0.02% a moderate vulnerability. With GOD method, 12.8% of study area have a very low vulnerability, 86.46% a low vulnerability and 0.74% a moderate vulnerability. The chemical analysis of groundwater showed that weaker rates of nitrates (0-14mg/l) registered inside the surely well protected zones. These observations have led to validate some various maps obtained. Result of the test of Kappa revealed that coefficient K is reliable and gave moderate agreement (K=0.43) between both methods. This agreement is confirmed by the surface analysis (79.01%). In this study, the DRASTIC method supplied better results and is thus better adapted for the evaluation of vulnerability in the pollution of groundwater of this area

Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Changes of Land Use and Land Cover over South-Western African Basins and Their Relations with Variations of Discharges

West African basins play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the region. They are mostly trans-boundary and sources of different land use practices. This work attempts to assess the spatio-temporal land use and land cover changes over three South Western African basins (Volta, Mono and Sassandra basins) and their influence on discharge. The land use and land cover maps of each basin were developed for 1988, 2002 and 2016. The results show that all the studied basins present an increase in water bodies, built-up, agricultural land and a decline in vegetative areas. These increases in water bodies and land use are as a result of an increase in small reservoirs, of dugouts and of dam constructions. However, the decline in some vegetative clusters could be attributed to the demographic and socio-economic growth as expressed by the expansion of agriculture and urbanization. The basic statistical analysis of precipitation and discharge data reveals that the mean annual discharge varies much more than the total annual precipitation at the three basins. For instance, in the entire Volta basin, the annual precipitation coefficient of variation (CV) is 10% while the annual discharge CV of Nawuni, Saboba and Bui are 43.6%, 36.51% and 47.43%, respectively. In Mono basin, the annual precipitation CV is 11.5% while the Nangbeto and Athieme annual discharge CV are 37.15% and 46.60%, respectively. The annual precipitation CV in Sassandra basin is 7.64% while the annual discharge CV of Soubre and Dakpadou are 29.41% and 37%, respectively. The discharge varies at least three times much more than the precipitation in the studied basins. The same conclusion was found for all months except the driest months (December and January). We showed that this great variation in discharge is mainly due to land use and land cover changes. Beside the hydrological modification of the land use and land cover changes, the climate of the region as well as the water quality and availability and the hydropower generation may be impacted by these changes in land surfaces conditions. Therefore, these impacts should be further assessed to implement appropriate climate services and measures for a sustainable land use and water management

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Caractéristiques sociodémographiques, comportements à risque et maladies développées par les usagers de drogues fréquentant les fumoirs du haut Sassandra en Côte d’Ivoire

Résumé : La consommation de drogues est un problème de société et de santé publique. Les effets hallucinogènes et dépressifs des drogues conduisent les usagers à s’adonner à certaines pratiques qui les exposent à des maladies et infections. Cette étude a été réalisée dans la Région du Haut Sassandra en Côte d’Ivoire. Elle se propose d’établir les caractéristiques sociodémographique des usagers de drogues qui fréquentent les fumoirs, et d’évaluer l’association entre l’usage de drogues et certains comportements à risque d’infection et des maladies développées. De l’approche mixe utilisée pour recueillir les données, des autotests au VIH et des analyses de crachat par le Centre Anti Tuberculeux de la Région ont été également mobilisés. Des résultats obtenus, il est fait mention d’un taux de 19,35% (n=35) de séropositivité au VIH et d’un taux de 15,79% (n=57) de positivité au test de tuberculose.   Mots-clés : caractéristique sociodémographique, comportement à risque, usager de drogue, Haut Sassandr