Sticking and Making:Technology as glue for families separated by prison

Everydayness links the histories and crescendos of our lives. Once we lose this glue , many of our reference points for linking these histories are lost and the structure and patterns of our lives start to unravel. For families separated by prison, telephone calls and letters offer a form of glue, but punitive structures place many constraints on this type of communication. These constraints result in a transformation of technology, often resulting in re-configuration to the point where it plays a different role in the prison context. The analysis presented in this paper points to the need for developing both technologies that support the sharing of everyday experiences and that have functionality to help families re-establish and adjust family relationships and roles. In this analysis we consider how the punitive climate impacts on communication technology design and how to balance this climate with the objective of strengthening family ties

'Time...lost time':exploring how partners of long-term prisoners experience the temporal pains of imprisonment

This article identifies and examines the temporal pains of imprisonment as experienced by female partners of male long-term prisoners in the UK. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 33 women, it discusses how long sentences interrupted the women’s normative life courses, shaped their daily lives, and resulted in them having to negotiate living within both prison time and outside time. It also highlights the need to go beyond the focus on concentrated family time and consider the extent to which prisoners and their families are deprived of mundane but meaningful family moments. In exploring these temporal pains of imprisonment, it is argued that time is not just a critical aspect of a long-term prisoner’s sentence, but also of his partner’s experiences. Finally, this article seeks to take the scholarship beyond the assumption that a long-term prisoner’s partner exists in a temporal limbo, and discusses the processes of change and adaptation the women interviewed used to cope with their partners’ long sentences. </jats:p

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regulation and Function of Neuronal Gap Junction Proteins: Connexin 36 and Connexin 27.5.

Electrical synapses, known as gap junctions, are critical to neuronal synchronization and signal transmission. Gap junctions are composed of two docked hemichannels, each consisting of single protein subunits called connexins. Regulation and function of connexins are vital for the plasticity of the electrical synapses. Connexin regulation is dependent on their interacting partners as they affect turnover and channel properties. Here we explored the functional relevance of the interaction between mouse Connexin 36 (Cx36), major neuronal connexin, and mouse Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the Neuro 2a cell line. Cav-1 is known to mediate the endocytosis of membrane proteins, therefore its role in trafficking of Cx36 was explored. Together results showed that Cx36/Cav-1 interaction selects for the rapid calcium and caveolin dependent endocytosis and is critical for the internalization of Cx36. Another means for regulating connexin function is through their ability to oligomerize with different connexin isoforms to form heteromeric and heterotypic channels. The oligomerization capabilities between zebrafish Cx35b, an orthologue of mouse Cx36, and a novel zebrafish connexin, Cx27.5, were explored in Neuro 2a cells. The co-localization of Cx36/35b and Cx27.5 was also investigated in the zebrafish retina, as its high organization allows to study the gap junction connections between different cell types. Data showed that oligomerization of Cx35b and Cx27.5 led to a formation of distinct channels which potentially allow for specialized intercellular connection between different cell types. Cx27.5 is a novel connexin, and its functional relevance remains unknown. Previously reported expression in the zebrafish retina and co-localization with Cx36/35b further reinforced the hypothesis that the Cx27.5 function could be critical for visual processing. The protein and mRNA expression profile of Cx27.5 showed high expression in the brain and retina, specifically, the inner plexiform layer. By employing a Cx27.5 knock-out zebrafish line, the role of Cx27.5 in visual processing was investigated. The results proved Cx27.5 to be an essential player in the signal transmission and network connectivity of the zebrafish retina, as well as the perception of directional motion. In summary, the findings in this thesis describe the multifaced molecular mechanisms that underlie the function and regulation of neuronal connexins

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regulation and Function of Neuronal Gap Junction Proteins: Connexin 36 and Connexin 27.5.

Electrical synapses, known as gap junctions, are critical to neuronal synchronization and signal transmission. Gap junctions are composed of two docked hemichannels, each consisting of single protein subunits called connexins. Regulation and function of connexins are vital for the plasticity of the electrical synapses. Connexin regulation is dependent on their interacting partners as they affect turnover and channel properties. Here we explored the functional relevance of the interaction between mouse Connexin 36 (Cx36), major neuronal connexin, and mouse Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the Neuro 2a cell line. Cav-1 is known to mediate the endocytosis of membrane proteins, therefore its role in trafficking of Cx36 was explored. Together results showed that Cx36/Cav-1 interaction selects for the rapid calcium and caveolin dependent endocytosis and is critical for the internalization of Cx36. Another means for regulating connexin function is through their ability to oligomerize with different connexin isoforms to form heteromeric and heterotypic channels. The oligomerization capabilities between zebrafish Cx35b, an orthologue of mouse Cx36, and a novel zebrafish connexin, Cx27.5, were explored in Neuro 2a cells. The co-localization of Cx36/35b and Cx27.5 was also investigated in the zebrafish retina, as its high organization allows to study the gap junction connections between different cell types. Data showed that oligomerization of Cx35b and Cx27.5 led to a formation of distinct channels which potentially allow for specialized intercellular connection between different cell types. Cx27.5 is a novel connexin, and its functional relevance remains unknown. Previously reported expression in the zebrafish retina and co-localization with Cx36/35b further reinforced the hypothesis that the Cx27.5 function could be critical for visual processing. The protein and mRNA expression profile of Cx27.5 showed high expression in the brain and retina, specifically, the inner plexiform layer. By employing a Cx27.5 knock-out zebrafish line, the role of Cx27.5 in visual processing was investigated. The results proved Cx27.5 to be an essential player in the signal transmission and network connectivity of the zebrafish retina, as well as the perception of directional motion. In summary, the findings in this thesis describe the multifaced molecular mechanisms that underlie the function and regulation of neuronal connexins

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE BASIC COURSE

The aim of this work is to define special aspects of the second foreign language (SFL) grammar teaching at the basic course, because at Ukrainian universities the number of course hours for studying of the SFL is less than for the first one. This leads to more superficial learning of grammar material. In addition, it was believed that the grammar of the SFL can be taught in the context of the general course. The integration of vocabulary and grammar teaching hampered the thorough understanding of grammatical constructions by the students, as the study of the SFL came against the background of the first foreign language enhanced studying. For the scientific analysis of this issue, the methods of causality analysis and generalization were applied, which helped identify the priority of the communicative approach in the SFL grammar teaching, as this approach develops the oral and written skills of students. Nevertheless, there are some factors that impede the fluency of grammar material at the basic course of education. The article reveals problems and ways to solve them during the training. The authors consider that the communicative approach in the SFL grammar teaching will help master the language more quickly and efficiently, which meets the needs of modern society

COMPETENCE AS A CONCEPT IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

The article considers the content of the concept of “professional competenc” of a specialist through the competence that forms the basis for the development of standards for higher education and emphasizes the crucial importance of professional skills of future specialists. In the article, the authors follow the approach outlined in the Memorandum letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine regarding the development of components of the system of higher education. Competence is considered as an integrated characteristic of personality traits, the result of the preparation of a graduate of the university for the performance of activities in certain professional and socio-personal subject areas (competencies), which is determined by the required volume and level of knowledge and experience in a particular type of activity

INTEGRATION OF CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING ELEMENTS IN THE EDUCATION OF NONLINGUISTIC SPECIALTY STUDENTS BY MEANS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article deals with the problem of CLIL elements integration when teaching students of non-linguistic specialities. Main approaches to the definition of this teaching method are given. It is found that different authors consider CLIL as an educational approach, special education techniques, flexible curricular etc., the main purpose of CLIL methodology is to create the link between the study of the foreign language and the content of the students’ major discipline. The necessity of the IT implementation into the educational process has been substantiated (it allows to reduce the unproductive costs of the teacher's labour, gives students wide scope to a freely choose their own trajectory, increases the efficiency and objectivity of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes, promotes individualization of educational activities, etc.).We have to use IT technologies as they help improve and diversify students’ work. Precisely, when working with students we often use Moodle platform as it provides unlimited opportunities for both students and teachers. It is found that Moodle platform allows developing reading, listening, writing, and grammar skills. Some examples of how to work using Moodle platform is given in the article. It is shown that such parts of Moodle platform as Chat and Forum are of great interest for both foreign language teachers and students. For those students who officially work or are ill, the Assignment module is of particular interest