Justice and prisoners’ families

This is the final version of the paper. Available from the publisher via the link in this record.Previous research has shown that prisoners' families in the UK are greatly affected by imprisonment: financially, socially, emotionally and practically. Despite an ever-growing body of literature, however, the topic of prisoners' families has not yet become one of the key themes in criminology and the sociology of punishment. Criminal justice policy has also failed to engage with the needs of prisoners' families, with criminal justice discourse being largely focused on justice as defined by punishments and deserts. Building on the concept of social justice, this paper argues that a broader understanding of justice within criminal justice is sorely needed if social justice is to be achieved for prisoners' families. It then discusses four types of injustices that are highlighted by thinking of prisoners' families through a social justice lens. It concludes that to do justice for prisoners' families, there is a need to broaden the meaning of justice in criminal justice, and discuss social justice and the collateral consequences of imprisonment.I would like to thank the Sir Halley Steward Trust for funding my Ph.D project – 'Making love last: Maintaining intimate relationships with long-term prisoners'. This paper has developed as a result of my work on this project over the past year. All views expressed in this paper are mine alone and not necessarily those of the Trust. I also extend my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Rachel Condry, and to Dr. Joyce Arditti for their valuable feedback on an earlier draft of this paper

Sticking and making: technology as glue for families separated by prison

This is the final version of the article. Available from the AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) via the link in this record.Everydayness links the histories and crescendos of our lives. Once we lose this "glue", many of our reference points for linking these histories are lost and the structure and patterns of our lives start to unravel. For families separated by prison, telephone calls and letters offer a form of glue, but punitive structures place many constraints on this type of communication. These constraints result in a transformation of technology, often resulting in re-configuration to the point where it plays a different role in the prison context. The analysis presented in this paper points to the need for developing both technologies that support the sharing of everyday experiences and that have functionality to help families re-establish and adjust family relationships and roles. In this analysis we consider how the punitive climate impacts on communication technology design and how to balance this climate with the objective of strengthening family ties.We thank all the participants in both studies. Without their engagement and patience this paper would not have been possible. The second author also thanks the Sir Halley Stewart Trust for funding the research project. All opinions expressed in this paper are of the authors alone and not necessarily those of the Trust. We thank Trish Williams for her constructive feedback and patient proof reading

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from coal fly ash

The fly ash, from the combustion of coal to produce energy and heat, is an industrial waste, in which large accumulations represent a serious environmental threat. To reduce the environmental burden and improve the economic benefits of energy production, the science and industry focus on the transformation of coal combustion byproducts into new functional materials. The fly ash was studied by modern analytical methods. As a result of the hydrothermal reaction, several types of zeolites were synthesised from the fly ash: analcime, faujasite (zeolite X) and gismondine (zeolite P). It was shown that the experimental conditions (temperature, reaction time and alkali concentration) have a significant influence on the type of zeolite and its content in the reaction products. The series of experiments resulted in building approximate crystallisation field of zeolites and other phases as the first stage of the formation of ceramic membrane and other materials

Modern interactive technologies of professional self-determination under the conditions of overcoming conflicting realities

The urgency of the problem under study is due to the fact that the professional life of a person under current conditions is highly dynamic; moreover, the attitude to the profession, the meaning of work, and its results is changing. The purpose of this article is to develop innovative psychological and pedagogical support of the professional self-determination of young students as well as to design an innovative psychological and educational technology of the professional choice promotion of an individual. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the psychological and pedagogical observation and questionnaires, which allow for the identification and the study of the experience in the field of development and application of interactive technologies of the provision of professional self-determination of the youth under the conditions of overcoming conflicting realities. This article presents conceptual provisions of interactive psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of an individual in terms of continuing education as a semantic factor of the professional self-determination of an individual; defines goals, objectives, and principles of the modern interactive technology of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of the youth under the conditions of overcoming conflicting realities; and reveals an interactive technology for the provision of the professional self-determination of the youth. The article may be useful for psychologists, education psychologists, or career psychologists who are ready to use the Internet in order to facilitate an individual in its professional self-determination — namely, the creation of profession interactive services whose activity is not limited to the search for “the most suitable profession”. © 2016 Hasanova, Kotova and Kandrashina

The application of chiroptical spectroscopy (circular dichroism) in quantifying binding events in lanthanide directed synthesis of chiral luminescent self-assembly structures

The binding of asymmetrical and optically pure tridentate ligands (L = 1(S) and 1(R)) containing one carboxylic group and 2-naphthyl as an antenna to lanthanide ions (M = La(III) and Eu(III)) was studied in CH3CN, showing the successive formation of M:L, M:L2 and M:L3 stoichiometric species in solution. The europium complexes EuL3 were also synthesised, structurally characterised and their photophysical properties probed in CH3OH and CH3CN. The changes in the chiroptical properties of both 1(S) and 1(R) were used (by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy) to monitor the formation of these chiral selfassemblies in solution. While circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) showed the formation of Eu(1(S))3 and Eu(1(R))3 as enantiomers, with high luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum), fitting the CD changes allowed for binding constants to be determined that were comparable to those seen in the analyses of absorbance and luminescence changes

Problem of random number generation and solutions

The general information about random number generation is presented in the paper. The reason why it is a problem is explained and the methods used for the solution are examined. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided

Photodynamic inactivation of gramicidin channels: a flash-photolysis study

AbstractPhotosensitized inactivation of ionic channels formed by gramicidin in the planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) has been studied upon exposure of the BLM to single flashes of visible light in the presence of tetrasulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine. The gramicidin photoinactivation is inhibited by the addition of unsaturated phospholipids to the membrane-forming solution as well as by the addition of azide to the bathing solution, consistent with involvement of singlet oxygen. The characteristic time of the photoinactivation (T) does not change markedly under these conditions. Moreover, T remains nearly constant upon alteration of the flash energy and the photosensitizer concentration. The value of T appears to be sensitive to the gramicidin concentration and to the factors affecting the open time of the gramicidin channels, namely the temperature and the solvent used in the membrane-forming solution. The photoinactivation is not observed with covalent gramicidin dimers. The equations derived from the model of Bamberg and Laeuger (J. Membrane Biol. (1973) 11, 177–194), describing the relaxation of the gramicidin-induced conductance after a sudden distortion of the dimer-monomer equilibrium, are shown to explain consistently the time course of the photoinactivation provided that the damage of the gramicidin molecules leads to deviation from the equilibrium