113 research outputs found
Dense Clumps in Giant Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Density and Temperature Derived from CO() Observations
In order to precisely determine temperature and density of molecular gas in
the Large Magellanic Cloud, we made observations of optically thin
CO() transition by using the ASTE 10m telescope toward 9 peaks
where CO() clumps were previously detected with the same
telescope. The molecular clumps include those in giant molecular cloud (GMC)
Types I (with no signs of massive star formation), II (with HII regions only),
and III (with HII regions and young star clusters). We detected
CO() emission toward all the peaks and found that their
intensities are 3 -- 12 times lower than those of CO(). We
determined the intensity ratios of CO() to CO(),
, and CO() to CO(),
, at 45\arcsec resolution. These ratios were used for
radiative transfer calculations in order to estimate temperature and density of
the clumps. The parameters of these clumps range kinetic temperature
= 15 -- 200 K, and molecular hydrogen gas density
= 8 -- 7 cm. We confirmed
that the higher density clumps show higher kinetic temperature and that the
lower density clumps lower kinetic temperature at a better accuracy than in the
previous work. The kinetic temperature and density increase generally from a
Type I GMC to a Type III GMC. We interpret that this difference reflects an
evolutionary trend of star formation in molecular clumps. The
and kinetic temperature of the clumps are well correlated
with H flux, suggesting that the heating of molecular gas
= -- cm can be explained by stellar FUV
photons.Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in The
Astronomical Journa
Changes in ice thickness and flow velocity of Yala Glacier, Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1982 to 2009
ABSTRACT. To investigate recent glacier changes in the Himalayan region, we carried out GPS and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements at Yala Glacier, a benchmark glacier in Nepal. Glacier surface elevation and ice thickness were surveyed along a 1. . Our results indicate that Yala Glacier has lost $40% of its ice volume over the last 27 years and that the rate of the mass loss has accelerated over the last decade
Features of firn stratification in the coastal region of Antarctica detected from ground penetrating radar (GPR)
第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OM] 極域気水圏11月16日(月) 国立極地研究所1階交流アトリウ
Quest of the first Japanese glacier in the northern part of the northern Japanese Alps
第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回気水圏シンポジウム 11月15日(火) 統計数理研究所 セミナー室
Immunological and Psychological Benefits of Aromatherapy Massage
This preliminary investigation compares peripheral blood cell counts including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD16(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, hematocrit, humoral parameters including serum interferon-γ and interleukin-6, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA). Psychological measures including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) between recipients (n = 11) of carrier oil massage and aromatherapy massage, which includes sweet almond oil, lavender oil, cypress oil and sweet marjoram oil. Though both STAI and SDS showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) after treatment with aromatherapy and carrier massage, no difference between the aromatherapy and control massage was observed for STAI and SDS. Aromatherapy, in contrast to control massage, did not significantly reduce RBC count or hematocrit. However, aromatherapy massage showed a significant (P > 0.05) increase in PBLs, possibly due to an increase in CD8(+) and CD16(+) lymphocytes, which had significantly increased post-treatment (P < 0.01). Consequently, the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The paucity of such differences after carrier oil massage suggests that aromatherapy massage could be beneficial in disease states that require augmentation of CD8(+) lymphocytes. While this study identifies the immunological benefits of aromatherapy massage, there is a need to validate the findings prospectively in a larger cohort of patients
ASTE CO(3-2) Mapping toward the Whole Optical Disk of M 83: Properties of Inter-arm GMAs
We present a new on-the-fly (OTF) mapping of CO(J=3-2) line emission with the
Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) toward the 8' x 8' (or 10.5 x
10.5 kpc at the distance of 4.5 Mpc) region of the nearby barred spiral galaxy
M 83 at an effective resolution of 25''. Due to its very high sensitivity, our
CO(J=3-2) map can depict not only spiral arm structures but also spur-like
substructures extended in inter-arm regions. This spur-like substructures in
CO(J=3-2) emission are well coincident with the distribution of massive star
forming regions traced by Halpha luminosity and Spitzer/IRAC 8 um emission. We
have identified 54 CO(J=3-2) clumps as Giant Molecular-cloud Associations
(GMAs) employing the CLUMPFIND algorithm, and have obtained their sizes,
velocity dispersions, virial masses, and CO luminosity masses. We found that
the virial parameter alpha, which is defined as the ratio of the virial mass to
the CO luminosity mass, is almost unity for GMAs in spiral arms, whereas there
exist some GMAs whose alpha are 3 -- 10 in the inter-arm region. We found that
GMAs with higher tend not to be associated with massive star forming
regions, while other virialized GMAs are. Since alpha mainly depends on
velocity dispersion of the GMA, we suppose the onset of star formation in these
unvirialized GMAs with higher alpha are suppressed by an increase in internal
velocity dispersions of Giant Molecular Clouds within these GMAs due to shear
motion.Comment: 42 pages, 16 figures, ApJ in press, version with high resolution
figures is available via
http://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/~kmuraoka/m83paper/m83aste-otf.pd
Warm and Dense Molecular Gas in the N159 Region: 12CO J=4-3 and 13CO J=3-2 Observations with NANTEN2 and ASTE
New 12CO J=4-3 and 13CO J=3-2 observations of the N159 region in the Large
Magellanic Cloud have been made. The 12CO J=4-3 distribution is separated into
three clumps. These new measurements toward the three clumps are used in
coupled calculations of molecular rotational excitation and line radiation
transfer, along with other transitions of the 12CO as well as the isotope
transitions of 13CO. The temperatures and densities are determined to be
~70-80K and ~3x10^3 cm-3 in N159W and N159E and ~30K and ~1.6x10^3 cm-3 in
N159S. These results are compared with the star formation activity. The N159E
clump is associated with embedded cluster(s) as observed at 24 micron and the
derived high temperature is explained as due to the heating by these sources.
The N159E clump is likely responsible for a dark lane in a large HII region by
the dust extinction. The N159W clump is associated with embedded clusters
mainly toward the eastern edge of the clump only. These clusters show offsets
of 20"-40" from the 12CO J=4-3 peak and are probably responsible for heating
indicated by the derived high temperature. The N159W clump exhibits no sign of
star formation toward the 12CO J=4-3 peak position and its western region. We
suggest that the N159W peak represents a pre-star-cluster core of ~105M_sol
which deserves further detailed studies. Note that recent star formation took
place between N159W and N159E as indicated by several star clusters and HII
regions, while the natal molecular gas toward the stars have already been
dissipated by the ionization and stellar winds of the OB stars. The N159S clump
shows little sign of star formation as is consistent with the lower temperature
and somewhat lower density. The N159S clump is also a candidate for future star
formation
ナンキョク ドームフジ キチ ノ テンモン カンソク サイト リヨウ ニ カンスル ヨビ チョウサ -カキ セッチ ランリュウソウ ノ ケンシュツ オヨビ ユソウ チュウ ノ シンドウ キロク-
南極中央高地は水蒸気量が極めて少なく低温で,かつ気流の乱れが少ないため,地球上で最も優れた天体観測が行える場所である可能性が高い.その調査の一環として,ドームふじ基地においてSODARによる接地境界乱流の測定を,第48次南極地域観測隊に委託して行った.2006年12月21日~2007年1月14日の連続25日間の有効な測定データ(乱流強度,3次元風速)が得られたので報告する.太陽高度に対応した乱流層高度の明瞭な日変化が見られた.また装置輸送時に測定した加速度計の記録も合わせて報告する.The Antarctic plateau can be the best astronomical observatory site on the earth because of its very dry air and low temperature. We have observed atmospheric turbulence in the boundary layer (up to the altitude of 1000m above ice surface) by SODAR during JARE-48. We obtained valid continuous data of turbulence strength and three dimensional wind speed from Dec. 21, 2006 to Jan. 14, 2007. Our data show clear correlation between turbulent layer height and solar elevation. Also reported is the jolt measured during transportation from Cape Town to Dome Fuji
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