Features of Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases

The chapter describes in detail the pathogenetic role of desynchronosis in the development of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). The data of domestic and foreign literature on the study of desynchronosis are presented. The role of melatonin in the regulation of circadian rhythms (CR) is shown. Pathological changes in CR affect sleep disturbance, emotional and cognitive disorders. It is demonstrated the need of the further study of the prevalence and structure of desynchronosis in patients with CVD. The search of the most significant factors of desynchronosis development in patients with vascular diseases is of great scientific and practical significance. The importance of creating and introducing diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for chronodiagnostics and chronotherapy of CVD into everyday practical activities. The effectiveness of melatonin for the normalization of sleep and CR in patients with insomnia, acute stroke, depressive disorders is shown. Complex therapy of the patients with CVD taking into account chronobiological disorders allows to eliminate the adverse effect of sleep disorders and CR on the regulation of the cardiovascular system and improve the efficiency of rehabilitation

SCHEMES OF SOLID-PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FOOD OBJECTS

The aim of research is development of approaches to the development of schemes for microelement analysis of food objects. This will make it possible to monitor food quality by simple and affordable methods in factory laboratories. Based on data on the immobilization of dyes on ion exchangers and on the interaction of metal ions or their complexes with immobilized dyes, solid-phase spectrophotometric (SPS) and photometric methods for determining metal ions in food technology, biotechnology and the environment have been developed. Techniques are sensitive. High distribution coefficients (D³104 cm3/g) of metal ions help to reduce the detection limit when using immobilized dye as compared to the reaction in solution. Based on the detection limit values (DLV), the proposed sorption-spectrophotometric methods for determining metal ions are second only to the atomic absorption (AAS) determination of Cd (II) and Hg (II) ions and the polarographic determination of Cd (II) ions. However, the proposed methods for the determination of these metal ions are sufficient for the determination of Cd (II) and Hg (II) ions in food products at the MPC level. In the case of determination of Pb (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Fe (III) ions, the developed methods have advantages over standard methods for determination of metal ions in food products, since they make it possible to determine these ions at a level ≤0.1…0.5 MPC; Ion exchangers with immobilized dyes and solid-phase spectrophotometric determination methods with their participation are environmentally safe, since they do not require the use of toxic organic reagents; are simple in execution and economically advantageous because of the low cost of used materials and reagents. The correctness of the results of the determination by the developed methods is proved: by comparison with the results of determinations on standard methods at various analysis objects using the method of additives, standard samples. The relative standard deviation of the developed SPS determination procedures does not exceed 0.10, which indicates satisfactory reproducibility of the results. The developed methods exceed the majority of standard and best analogs, known from the literature, for sensitivity and selectivity. The used methods of analysis are characterized by the simplicity of the experiment, ecological safety, do not require special expensive equipment, highly qualified personnel and a stationary laboratory

Generalized continuous linear model of international trade

The probability-based approach to the linear model of international trade based on the theory of Markov processes with continuous time is analysed. A generalized continuous model of international trade is built, in which the transition of the system from state to state is described by linear differential equations. The methodology of how to obtain the intensity matrices, which are differential in nature, is shown, and the same is done for their corresponding transition matrices for processes of purchasing and selling. In the process of the creation of the continuous model, functions and operations of matrices were used in addition to the Laplace transform, which gave the analytical form of the transition matrices, and therefore the expressions for the state vectors of the system. The obtained expressions simplify analysis and calculations in comparison to other methods. The values of the continuous transition matrices include in themselves the results of discrete model of international trade at moments in time proportional to the time step. The continuous model improves the quality of planning and the effectiveness of control of international trade agreements

The Reasoning of a Responsible Investment Position in the Structure of the Stock Exchange Market

Purpose: To substantiate the place and role of the responsible investment in the structure of the stock exchange market. Methods: Structure-functional in order to form an idea of the structure of the stock exchange market, determining the place and role of responsible investment elements in the stock market organization; systematic analysis to identify current trends and patterns in the functioning of the socially responsible investment segment by geographical regions of the world; statistical and graphical methods for quantitative and visual presentation of the results of the stock market sectors analysis, represented by responsible investment elements. Findings: The definition of «responsible investment» and «stock market» has been clarified; a number of subjects, objects and forms of responsible investment, which are elements of the stock market, are singled out and substantiated; the generalization of activities of stock exchanges in the field of responsible investing is carried out; the dynamics of stock market sector indicators, which are represented by elements of responsible investment, are analyzed; key reporting standards used by stock exchanges in disclosing ESG issues are analyzed. Theoretical Implications: A comprehensive assessment of the functioning of socially responsible investment segment as part of the stock market is carried out, the place and role of responsible investing in the stock market structure are substantiated, which creates a basis for the development of effective measures to increase the stock market efficiency of Ukraine and its transformation into an effective and stable source of investment resources. Future Research: The results can be used in the context of further study of the stock market transformation in Ukraine on the basis of a socially responsible trajectory and fractal analysis. Paper Type: Theoretical. The study was performed within the state budget research "Fractal model of the stock market transformation in Ukraine: socially responsible investment to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals" № 0121U100473

The c-Myc Oncoprotein Interacts with Bcr

AbstractBcr is a multifunctional protein that is the fusion partner for Abl (p210 Bcr-Abl) in Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemias. We have identified c-Myc as a binding partner for Bcr in both yeast and mammalian cells. We are also able to observe interactions between natively expressed c-Myc and Bcr in leukemic cell lines. Although Bcr and Max have overlapping binding sites on c-Myc, Bcr cannot interact with Max, or with the c-Myc•Max heterodimer. Bcr expression blocks activation of c-Myc-responsive genes, as well as the transformed phenotype induced by coexpression of c-Myc and H-Ras, and this finding suggests that one function of Bcr is to limit the activity of c-Myc. However, Bcr does not block c-Myc function by preventing its nuclear localization. Interestingly, increased Bcr dosage in COS-7 and K-562 cells correlates with a reduction in c-Myc protein levels, suggesting that Bcr may in fact be limiting c-Myc activity by regulating its stability. These data indicate that Bcr is a novel regulator of c-Myc function whose disrupted expression may contribute to the high level of c-Myc protein that is observed in Bcr-Abl transformed cells

A growing concern for meaning: Exploring the links between ego development and eudaimonia

IntroductionEudaimonia, in contrast to hedonia, is theorized to be a more complex type of positive functioning that involves personal growth and is guided by the pursuit of meaning. However, the existing evidence linking eudaimonia to personality development is rather scarce. To fill this gap, we aimed to explore whether ego development is related to eudaimonic well-being and eudaimonic orientations, most notably, the concern for meaning: we explored both the quantitative differences in the presence of meaning and the search for it, as well as qualitative differences in lay theories of meaning.MethodsRussian-speaking volunteers recruited online (N = 364, aged 18 to 85, 63% female) completed measures of ego development (Washington University Sentence Completion Test), meaning in life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire), lay theories of meaning (and original 20-item measure), hedonic and eudaimonic motives for activities (HEMA), and well-being (Mental Health Continuum—Short Form).ResultsEgo development emerged as a weak, but significant positive predictor of well-being and this effect was fully mediated by the presence of meaning and eudaimonic motives. Latent profile analysis of the items tapping into lay theories of meaning revealed four distinct individual approaches to meaning that mainly differed in the subjective importance and salience of meaning. Participants with stronger concern for meaning revealed higher scores on ego development, both presence and search for meaning, eudaimonic motives, and well-being.DiscussionThe results add to the evidence concerning the links between ego development and well-being and are in line with the theoretical view of eudaimonia as a process of growth guided by personal concern for meaning. The findings suggest that eudaimonia might be more easily attained by individuals at higher stages of personal development

Agnoprotein of polyomavirus BK interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and inhibits DNA replication

License:Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)Background: The human polyomavirus BK expresses a 66 amino-acid peptide referred to as agnoprotein. Though mutants lacking agnoprotein are severely reduced in producing infectious virions, the exact function of this peptide remains incompletely understood. To elucidate the function of agnoprotein, we searched for novel cellular interaction partners. Methods: Yeast-two hybrid assay was performed with agnoprotein as bait against human kidney and thymus libraries. The interaction between agnoprotein and putative partners was further examined by GST pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. Biochemical and biological studies were performed to examine the functional implication of the interaction of agnoprotein with cellular target proteins. Results: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ, was identified as an interaction partner. The interaction between agnoprotein and PCNA is direct and occurs also in human cells. Agnoprotein exerts an inhibitory effect on PCNA-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro and reduces cell proliferation when ectopically expressed. Overexpression of PCNA restores agnoprotein-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PCNA is a genuine interaction partner of agnoprotein and the inhibitory effect on PCNA-dependent DNA synthesis by the agnoprotein may play a role in switching off (viral) DNA replication late in the viral replication cycle when assembly of replicated genomes and synthesized viral capsid proteins occurs

HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING MEDIA BASED ON ELECTRONS DONOR OLIGOMERS

Information properties of recording media based on electrons donor oligomer of different structure for thermoplastic technique are investigated

Результаты трехлетней вакцинации детей против пневмококковой инфекции в России

Background. After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children. Methods. The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established. Results. In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media. Conclusion. The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination.Обоснование. После включения в Национальный календарь профилактических прививок вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции очень важно оценить эффективность проводимой более 3 лет рутинной иммунизации детского населения. Полученные результаты позволят проанализировать проблемы в достижении цели, установить их причины и предложить пути преодоления. Цель исследования — изучить результаты трехлетнего периода вакцинации детей против пневмококковой инфекции. Методы. Проведена оценка качества иммунопрофилактики пневмококковой инфекции на территории Российской Федерации путем анализа охвата прививками, своевременности их проведения после включения пневмококковой вакцины в Национальный календарь профилактических прививок. Выполнена оценка фактической эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции на основании заболеваемости и смертности внебольничными пневмониями, заболеваемости острым средним отитом среди детского населения. Путем анкетирования родителей (n=352), обратившихся в ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, установлена своевременность вакцинации младенцев против пневмококковой инфекции. Результаты. В большинстве регионов достигнут высокий уровень охвата детей прививкой против пневмококковой инфекции (87%). При этом большинство детей (73%) были вакцинированы несвоевременно. В частности, результаты анкетирования, проведенного в центре вакцинации г. Москвы, указывают на недостаточную информированность родителей о необходимости вакцинации младенцев против пневмококковой инфекции специалистами первичного звена и, как следствие, низкий уровень своевременного начала введения вакцины (40,1%). Внедрение плановой вакцинопрофилактики против пневмококковой инфекции в России позволило на 35% снизить смертность детей от внебольничных пневмоний, привело к уменьшению заболеваемости острыми средними отитами. Заключение. Внедрение плановой вакцинопрофилактики детей против Streptococcus pneumoniae способствует снижению заболеваемости и смертности от пневмококковых инфекций. Система эпиднадзора за внебольничными пневмониями требует дальнейшего совершенствования. Целесообразно проведение дополнительного анализа причин отказов и медицинских отводов от вакцинации; важное значение имеет повышение профессионального уровня врачей-педиатров по вопросам вакцинопрофилактики.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВЛ.С. Намазова-Баранова — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Пьер Фабр, Genzyme Europe B. V., ООО «Астра зенека Фармасьютикалз», Gilead / PRA «Фармасьютикал Рисерч Ассошиэйтс СиАйЭс», Teva Branded Pharma ceuti cal products R&D, Inc / ООО «ППД Девелопмент (Смоленск)», «Сталлержен С. А.» / «Квинтайлс ГезмбХ» (Австрия).М.В. Федосеенко — получение гонораров от компаний Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, MSD за чтение лекций.Остальные авторы статьи подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation