Oxidized LDL and physical fitness in healthy young men: associations with body composition, smoking, metabolic syndrome and androgen status

Background: In the past, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has been associated with an unbeneficial lipid profile. This atherogenic lipid profile increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Physical fitness has substantial effect on serum lipoprotein concentration as well as body composition and humoral responses, however interrelationships between ox-LDL and physical fitness have not been widely examined in a nationally representative sample. Aims: This thesis evaluates how cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness associate with ox-LDL lipids and how the other known risk factors of atherosclerosis might alter these associations. Subjects and Methods: The study cohort consisted of 846 healthy young males (mean age 25.1, SD 4.6) who were gathered by voluntary nationwide recruitment. Each participant conducted a series of physical fitness tests (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness) and answered a detailed questionnaire that included lifestyle habits (i.e. smoking and leisuretime physical activity). Venous blood samples including ox-LDL and serum lipids were also collected. Results: Higher levels of ox-LDL were found in overweight and obese men, however, high cardiorespiratory fitness seemed to protect the overweight from high levels of ox-LDL. Young men who smoked and had poor cardiorespiratory or muscular fitness possessed a higher concentration of ox-LDL lipids when compared to comparable levels of cardiorespiratory or muscular fitness non-smoking young men. Metabolic syndrome was associated with increased levels of ox-LDL and high levels of ox-LDL combined with poor cardiorespiratory and abdominal muscle fitness seems to predict metabolic syndrome in young men. Also, participants with poor cardiorespiratory fitness and low levels of testosterone had higher levels of ox-LDL when compared to participants with high cardiorespiratory fitness / low testosterone as well as those with poor cardiorespiratory fitness / high testosterone. Conclusions: Good cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness protects young men from increased levels of ox-LDL lipids. This association was discovered in young men who were categorized as being overweight, smokers, metabolic syndrome or with low levels of testosterone. Being fit seems to prevent higher levels of ox-LDL, even in young healthySiirretty Doriast

Akuutin akillesrepeämän hoito

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Routine follow-up is unnecessary after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric femoral fractures : analysis of 995 cases

Suomessa operoidaan noin 2000 pertrokanteerista lonkkamurtumaa vuosittain. Nämä murtumat kuormittavat huomattavasti terveydenhuoltojärjestelmää ja murtuman saaneita yksilöitä. Nykyisten suositusten mukaan lonkkamurtuman luutumista tulisi seurata kuuden viikon välein otetuilla röntgenkuvilla, kunnes luutuminen on tapahtunut. Murtumien rutiininomaista seurantaa on kuitenkin kyseenalaistettu useammassa eri murtumatyypissä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää, onko intramedullaarisesti korjattujen pertrokanteeristen murtumien rutiininomaisesta seurannasta hyötyä. Analysoimme retrospektiivisesti kaikki 995 Töölön sairaalassa vuosina 2011-2016 intramedullaarisesti operoidut pertrokanteeriset murtumat. Potilaita seurattiin potilastietojärjestelmistä minimissään kaksi vuotta tai kuolemaan asti. Kaikki operaation jälkeiset lonkkamurtumaan liittyvät suunnitellut ja suunnittelemattomat käynnit analysoitiin. Aineiston potilaiden keski-ikä oli 81 vuotta ja heistä 67 % oli naisia. Potilaiden kolmen kuukauden kuolleisuus oli 14 % ja kahden vuoden 35 %. Kaikkiaan 9 potilaalla (0,9 %) suunniteltu seurantakäynti johti muutokseen potilaan hoitolinjassa. Näistä 6 johtui mekaanisista komplikaatioista, 2 murtuman luutumattomuudesta ja 1 periproteettisesta murtumasta. 64 potilaalla (6,4 %) tehtiin hoitolinjan muutos suunnittelemattoman käynnin takia. Näiden potilaiden käynneistä 28 johtui infektiosta, 15 mekaanisesta komplikaatiosta, 14 periproteettista murtumasta, 6 painehaavasta ja 1 avaskulaarisesta nekroosista. Rutiininomaiset seurantakäynnit ovat rasite sekä terveydenhuoltojärjestelmälle että potilaille. Lonkkamurtumapotilaat ovat keskimäärin huonokuntoisia ja seurantakäynneille saapuminen vaatii usein erityisjärjestelyjä. Silti alle 1 % suunnitelluista seurantakäynneistä johtaa muutoksiin hoitolinjassa. Ehdotuksemme on antaa potilaille ja kuntoutuslaitoksille kattavat ohjeet hoitoon hakeutumisesta rutiininomaisen seurannan sijaan

Peri-implant fracture : a rare complication after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric femoral fracture

Introduction Trochanteric femoral fractures are among the most common operatively treated fractures. Intramedullary fixation has become the treatment of choice in many centers around the world. Nevertheless, the knowledge of rare complications of these fractures is limited. In this study, the incidence and treatment strategies for peri-implant fractures (PIF) were assessed. Materials and methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was done on 987 consecutive operatively treated trochanteric fractures. PFNA cephalomedullary nail was used as a fixation method. All patients were followed up from patient records for peri-implant fractures. Plain radiographs as well as different salvage methods were analyzed and compared. Results The total rate of peri-implant fractures was 1.4% (n = 14). The rate of PIF for patients treated with short (200 mm) nails, intermediate-length (240 mm) nails, and long nails was 2.7% (n = 2), 1.5% (n = 11), and 0.7% (n = 1), respectively (ns, p > 0.05 for difference). Treatment of choice for PIF was either ORIF with locking plate (57%, n = 8) or exchange nailing (43%, n = 6). None of the PIF patients needed additional surgeries for non-union, malunion, or delayed union. Conclusions A PIF is a rare complication of intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fractures. It can be treated with either locking plates or exchange nailing with sufficient results. There are no grounds for favoring long nails to avoid PIFs.Peer reviewe

Jätealan ympäristöluvat ja taloudellinen vakuus

Ympäristönsuojelulain 42 § 3 momentin mukainen vakuuskäytäntö jätteen hyödyntämistä tai käsittelyä koskevan ympäristöluvan myöntämisen yhteydessä on ollut vaihtelevaa. Tämän oppaan tarkoituksena on yhtenäistää mainitun lainkohdan soveltamista ja tulkintaa, ja edistää näin osaltaan toiminnanharjoittajien tasapuolista kohtelua. Vakuus on aina asetettava kaatopaikkatoiminnan ja ongelmajätteen käsittelyn tai hyödyntämisen yhteydessä. Muissa tapauksissa lupaviranomaisella on harkintavalta vakuuden asettamisen suhteen. Vakuuden asettamisvelvollisuus ei ole riippuvainen toiminnanharjoittajan oikeudellisesta statuksesta. Lähtökohtana on aina vakuuden asettaminen. Poikkeuksen myöntämisen perusteena voi olla toiminnanharjoittajan vakavaraisuus tai toiminnan pienimuotoisuus. Hyväksyttäviä vakuuksia ovat pankkitalletus, omavelkaiset takaukset, takausvakuutus sekä muut järjestelyt, jotka ovat pysyvyydeltään ja realisoitavuudeltaan verrattavissa edellä mainittuihin. Sen sijaan lakisääteinen ympäristövakuutus, vastuuvakuutus, toiminnanharjoittajan kirjanpitoon tekemä varaus tai rahastojärjestely eivät kelpaa vakuudeksi. Vakuudella tulee voida kattaa ympäristöluvan myöntämishetkellä ennakoitavissa olevat toiminnan lopettamisesta aiheutuvat tavanomaiset jätehuoltotoimet (ns. ennakoitavat kustannukset). Ennakoimattomat kustannukset, kuten onnettomuuksista johtuva pilaantuminen, eivät kuulu vakuuden piiriin

Intramedullary Fixation of Trochanteric Fractures Can Be Safely Performed by Senior Residents Without Immediate Consultant Supervision

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of senior residents performing trochanteric hip fracture surgery without immediate consultant supervision DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of trochanteric hip fractures (AO-OTA 31-A) operated in a single center between years 2011 and 2016 (inclusive). Operations were divided into three groups: Group 1 surgeon was a senior resident without any immediate supervision; Group 2 surgeon was a consultant and Group 3surgeon was a senior resident supervised by a consultant. The follow-up period was a minimum of 2 years or until death. All re-operations and surgical related mortality were assessed. SETTING: Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. A tertiary level trauma center. PARTICIPANTS: 987 consecutive trochanteric fractures on 966 patients treated by operative fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture with an intramedullary nail between 2011and 2016 (inclusive). RESULTS: The total number of reoperations was smaller in Group 1 where the surgeon was a senior resident without any immediate supervision compared to Group 2 where the surgeon was a consultant (5.5 % vs 8.8 %, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mortality or length of surgery. The total rate of mechanical complications was 2.0 %, with no significant differences between groups. The observed blade cut-out rate was low: 1.3 %, suggesting a good overall quality of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Senior residents can safely perform intramedullary nailing of trochanteric fractures without immediate supervision. (C) 2021 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)Peer reviewe

A systematic review of surgical intervention in the treatment of hamstring tendon ruptures : current evidence on the impact on patient outcomes

Hamstring injuries are among the most common muscle injuries. They have been reported in many different sports, such as running, soccer, track and field, rugby, and waterskiing. However, they are also present among the general population. Most hamstring injuries are mild strains, but also moderate and severe injuries occur. Hamstring injuries usually occur in rapid movements involving eccentric demands of the posterior thigh. Sprinting has been found to mainly affect the isolated proximal biceps femoris, whereas stretching-type injuries most often involve an isolated proximal injury of the semimembranosus muscle. The main cause of severe 2- or 3-tendon avulsion is a rapid forceful hip flexion with the ipsilateral knee extended. Most hamstring injuries are treated non-surgically with good results. However, there are also clear indications for surgical treatment, such as severe 2- or 3-tendon avulsions. In athletes, more aggressive recommendations concerning surgical treatment can be found. For a professional athlete, a proximal isolated tendon avulsion with clear retraction should be treated operatively regardless of the injured tendon. Surgical treatment has been found to have good results in severe injuries, especially if the avulsion injury is repaired in acute phase. In chronic hamstring injuries and recurring ruptures, the anatomical apposition of the retracted muscles is more difficult to be achieved. This review article analyses the outcomes of surgical treatment of hamstring ruptures. The present study confirms the previous knowledge that surgical treatment of hamstring tendon injuries causes good results with high satisfaction rates, both in complete and partial avulsions. Early surgical repair leads to better functional results with lower complication rates, especially in complete avulsions. KEY MESSAGEs Surgical treatment of hamstring tendon ruptures leads to high satisfaction and return to sport rates. Both complete and partial hamstring tendon ruptures have better results after acute surgical repair, when compared to cases treated surgically later. Athletes with hamstring tendon ruptures should be treated more aggressively with operative methods.Peer reviewe

Tylpät vatsavammat - alkuvaiheen hoidon strategia ja elinspesifisten vammojen hoitolinjat

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Säären avaava osteotomia polven mediaalisen nivelrikon hoidossa

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Infections after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fractures are uncommon and implant removal is not usually needed

Background and purpose. Infections after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric femoral fractures are rare, but potentially life-threatening complications. There are limited data available to support decision making in these cases. Patients and methods. A retrospective study of 995 consecutive operatively treated trochanteric fractures was made to find out different risk factors for infection and to describe the results of treatment. Results. 28 patients developed a surgical site infection (2.8%) after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fracture. 15 patients (1.5%) had a deep and 13 patients (1.3%) a superficial surgical site infection. Cigarette smoking ( p < 0.05) and prolonged operative time ( p < 0.05) were significant risk factors for an infection. 15 of 28 patients needed revision surgeries. Implant removal or exchange was needed only for 4 of 28 patients: 1 exchange of the blade, 1 removal of additional cable used to assist reduction and 2 removals of distal locking screws. None of the patients needed additional surgeries for problems with fracture healing. Mortality was not increased among patients with an infection. Interpretation. Infection after intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fractures can be successfully treated without removal or exchange of the fixation material. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe