Pulsed Electrical Discharge and Pulsed Electric Field Treatment during Sunflower Seed Processing

For the successful implementation of emerging electrical technologies in the oil pressing process, optimization of process parameters in combination with parameters from electrical process is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the following pretreatments: pulsed electrical discharge (PED) and pulsed electric field (PEF) on rheological properties, morphological capillary-porous structure, and oil recovery of sunflower seed. FESEM analysis of the surface microstructure, pressing, and solvent extraction were used to obtain treatment efficiency after novel technologies. The results of this study show that PED and PEF treatments could be used as a pretreatment before sunflower seed processing to modify internal structure, increase the oil yield, or contribute to the mechanical destruction of oil globules and the release of free oil to the surface under gentle conditions

The Effect of Gas Phase Composition on the Structural Characteristics and Resistivity of Nitrogen-doped Nanostructured Diamond Coatings

The experimental results of the effect of the gas phase composition on nitrogen-doped nanostructured diamond coatings synthesized in the glow discharge plasma on their structure and resistance have been presented. It was shown that changes in the electrical conductivity of the nitrogen doped nanostructured diamond coatings are primarily related to changes in the electrical conductivity of the grain boundaries and did not to changes in the grain size of the diamond phase. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3518

Study of Composite Structures Based on a Porous Silicon Matrix and Nanoparticles Ag/Zno Used as Non-Invasive Highly Sensitive Biosensor Devices

In this work composite structures based on a porous silicon were obtained and studied. Porous matrices were formed by electrochemical etching in aqueous solutions of hydrofluoric acid. Based on the obtained substrates, por-silicon (Si)/silver (Ag) and por-Si/zinc oxide (ZnO) composite structures were formed. These composites were functionalized by various methods (electro (E)-, thermo (T)-, electrothermal exposure) as a result of which the structures were modified. When studying the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was concluded that silver nanoparticles actively diffused into the pores under these technological modes of functionalization. The por-Si/Ag and por-Si/ZnO composite structures were also studied using the following methods: infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy. Also, the photoluminescent characteristics of the samples were studied. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that functionalization methods actively change the phase composition of structures and the optical properties of composites

Операция азигопортального разобщения при варикозном расширении вен пищевода

The original techniques of the separation surgery in the system of portal and azygos veins in patients having portal hypertension and esophageal varicosis with recovery of the valve apparatus in the area of gastroesophageal junction is offered in the article which allows to avoid the development of reflux-esophagitis and recurrence of esophageal bleeding in the postoperative period.В статье предлагается оригинальная методика операции разобщения в системе воротной и непарной вен у пациентов с портальной гипертензией и варикозным расширением вен пищевода с восстановлением клапанного аппарата в области пищеводно-желудочного перехода, которая позволяет избежать развития рефлюкс-эзофагита в послеоперационном периоде и рецидива пищеводного кровотечения

Drying Technology Assisted by Nonthermal Pulsed Filamentary Microplasma Treatment: Theory and Practice

Nonthermal pulsed filamentary microplasma treatment for drying is a nonthermal technology with promising perspectives to dehydrate plant agricultural materials. The modified set of Luikov’s equations for heat, mass and pressure transfer, has been used to analyze nonthermal pulsed filamentary microplasma treatment effects. The finite element method in combination with the step-by-step finite-difference method for a coupled system of differential equations in partial derivatives was used for numerical simulation of heat, humidity and pressure potentials transfer. The drying time of samples treated by nonthermal pulsed filamentary microplasma treatment assisted by thermionic emission was reduced up to 20.6% (5 kV/cm; 1200 discharges) in comparison to intact tissue. The effect of the obtained approach is very useful for studying process mechanisms and for explaining nonthermal pulsed filamentary microplasma treatment effects. Refined transfer kinetic coefficients from a set of equations based on experimental drying curve can be used for the quantitative determination of thermodynamic coefficients. The agreement of the simulation data with the analytical equation and experimental results is satisfactory (discrepancy less than 3%). Obtained results showed that the proposed model with the refined transfer kinetic coefficients adequately describe the experimental data

Two-dimensional model of material flow in a screw channel with a fixed cover

Features of the viscous-plastic material flow through the screw channel are studied. A promising direction in this case is the transport models determined by the hydrodynamics of the phase transition. The author also analyzed the effect of dimensions on the flow rate of a viscous-plastic material. The material situated in the channel of the rotating auger and bounded by the fixed body will start to move in a translational motion along the channel due to the shear deformation that appears in it, this is where a forced flow appears. The main parameters that determine the volume flow rate are the depth and width of the channel, the diameter of the screw and the frequency of its rotation. A necessary condition for the existence of this flow is the persistence of shear stress in the material, which is possible only if the material has a certain viscosity. The condition of the return flow is the excessive pressure created by the resistance of the head. We assume the case when in these conditions the auger does not move. Then, under the action of pressure from the side of the head, the material will flow from it along the screw channel – in the opposite direction. The volume flow rate of the counter-flow also depends on the depth of the channel, on the diameter and length of the screw, on the viscosity of the material and on the pressure in the head. In practice, however, there is never a countercurrent in the auger channel, and the head pressure exerts a kind of limitation on the direct flow, which is theoretically viewed as a countercurrent, and the productivity of the screw supercharger is the total flow of the two flows. To account for the geometry of the channel, the author developed a mathematical model of the velocity head in a rectangular channel. The resulting equation makes it possible to determine the shear stress in terms of the shear rate of the material. Taking into account the symmetry and linearity of the velocity distribution in the channel with respect to its midpoint, an equation is obtained for the distribution of the shear rate along the height. The dependence, obtained as a result of the analytical solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation, makes it possible to simplify considerably the calculation of the discharge-pressure characteristics of the extruder part of the screw presses for pressing vegetable oils with respect to the required screw rotation speed

Green technologies with use of carbon dioxide in the food industry

The experience of the development of social States shows that there is a direct relationship between economic, social and environmental development and the innovative orientation of industrial policy. In other words, the main goal of industrial policy should be to ensure a high level of quality of life, social guarantees and environmental safety, achieved through the innovative development of a certain set of industries. One of these industries is the food industry. Its main goal at the present stage is to ensure ecological and social type of economic growth. Innovation in the food industry, bringing economic, environmental and social effects should be a priority in the formation of innovation and industrial policy. Such innovations in the food industry in Russia developed a lot, but the tools to stimulate their implementation is clearly not enough. When considering the issues of innovation in the food industry, it is necessary to take into account that at the present time the main thing is not only the price-quality, but environmental and social impact on consumers. All issues of innovation in the food industry need to pay more attention to the development of "Green" technologies. Solvents from among supercritical liquids are considered to be promising. Most carbon dioxide is used because of its inherent advantages in CO2. Application in a complex with extraction of the membrane extraction purification of the received oil with use of carbon dioxide allows to present an effective complex "green" technology with use of carbon dioxide

Sunflower Seed Cake and Larvae MassRheological Properties Analysis During Pressing WithVarying Temperature, Pressure and Oil Content

For the successful implementation of alternative protein sourcesforbiorefinery, optimization of the process parameters is crucial. Knowledge of the rheological propertiesis necessary for the design and development of appropriate equipment and process calculations.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following pre-treatments: temperature, pressure andeffect of initial oil content on the rheological properties of sunflower seedcake and larvae tissue. The rheological behavior of two protein sourceswas determined by using a rotational viscometer with a hydraulic system and thermostatic bath attached to the equipment. Using the mathematical apparatus and experimental data it was observed that the plastic viscosity of the sunflower seed cake corresponded to the viscosity of the vegetable oil, which confirmed the Bingham rheology assumption put forward in this work. For the larvae mass, a Hershey Buckley fluid model was proposed.A positive linear relationship was found for pressure and a negativelinear relationship was found for the oil content of the sunflower seed cake and larvae tissue on shear stress. Keywords: rheological property, sunflower seed cake, larvae, pulsed electricaldischarge, viscoplasticity flow, Bingham model, modellin