46 research outputs found
Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB
Background: Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs), caused by Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, are
common in regions of the world where the distributions of host, pathogen and vector overlap. Many of these
diseases threaten livestock production and some also represent a concern to human public health. The primary aim
of this study was to determine the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens in a large number of blood
samples (n = 1979) collected from sheep (n = 1727) and goats (n = 252) in Turkey. A secondary aim was to assess
the diagnostic sensitivity of a number of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and the reverse line
blotting (RLB) assay. DNA samples were screened using species-specific PCR for the presence of Theileria ovis,
Theileria sp. MK, T. lestoquardi, T. uilenbergi, T. luwenshuni, Babesia ovis, Anaplasma ovis and A. phagocytophilum while
RLB was undertaken to test for the presence of all known Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species. The
diagnostic sensitivity of these two approaches was then compared in terms of their ability to detect single species
and mixed infections.
Results: Overall, 84 and 74.43% of the small ruminants sampled were identified as hosting one or more
pathogen(s) by species-specific PCR and RLB respectively. The presence of Theileria sp. OT1, T. luwenshuni and T.
uilenbergi in Turkey was revealed for the first time while the presence of Babesia motasi, B. crassa and T. separata in
Turkish small ruminants was confirmed using molecular methods. A high prevalence of mixed infection was
evident, with PCR and RLB approaches indicating that 52.24 and 35.42% of animals were co-infected with multiple
species, respectively. More than 80% of the mixed infections contained T. ovis and/or A. ovis. The RLB approach was
found to be capable of detecting mixed infections with species such as Theileria sp. OT1, Theileria sp. OT3, T.
separata, B. crassa and Babesia spp.
Conclusion: The results indicated that pathogens causing TBHDs are highly prevalent in sheep and goats in Turkey.
The diagnostic sensitivity of species-specific single PCR was generally higher than that of RLB. However, the latter
approach was still capable of identifying a high proportion of individuals containing mixed-species infections. The
use of species-specific single PCR is recommended to accurately estimate pathogen prevalence and to identify
co-infected hosts
The effectiveness of basic life support training on nursing students\u2019 knowledge and basic life support practices: a non-randomized quasi-experimental design
Background: Provision of up-to-date information and skills training
related to basic life support practices is very important for nursing
students\u2019 professional development and practitioner and education
related roles. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the
effectiveness of basic life support training on knowledge and practices
among nursing students. Methods: A non-randomized quasi-experimental
design (one group pre-test-post-test) was used in this study. The study
was conducted in the laboratory of an undergraduate nursing school. The
sample consisted of a convenience sample of 1st-year students enrolled
in the undergraduate nursing class. The study sample consisted of 65
nursing students. Basic life support training included both theoretical
and practical components. The students\u2019 knowledge and practices
were assessed before basic life support training. Data were collected
using the knowledge assessment questionnaire. The practical skills for
basic life support were observed and assessed using a checklist. The
pre- and post-assessment practice scores were compared. Results: After
basic life support training, level of knowledge and practical skill
scores were higher compared to pre-training scores (t= -12.442,
p=0.000; t= -22.899, p=0.000). There was a significant and moderate
association between the adult basic life support knowledge form scores
and the adult basic life support practice assessment form scores
obtained after the training (r = 0.39, p<0.01). Conclusion: The
study showed that basic life support training improved knowledge and
skills related to basic life support practices in nursing students.
Periodic basic life support training is very important for competency
in this area among nursing students
The effectiveness of basic life support training on nursing students\u2019 knowledge and basic life support practices: a non-randomized quasi-experimental study
Background: Provision of up-to-date information and skills training
related to basic life support practices is very important for nursing
students\u2019 professional development and practitioner and education
related roles. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the
effectiveness of basic life support training on knowledge and practices
among nursing students. Methods: A non-randomized quasi-experimental
design (One group pre-test-post-test) was used in this study. The study
was conducted in the laboratory of an undergraduate nursing school. The
sample consisted of a convenience sample of 1st-year students enrolled
in the undergraduate nursing class. The study sample consisted of 65
nursing students. Basic life support training included both theoretical
and practical components. The students' knowledge and practices were
assessed before basic life support training. Data were collected using
the knowledge assessment questionnaire. The practical skills for basic
life support were observed and assessed using a checklist. The pre- and
post-assessment practice scores were compared. Results: After basic
life support training, level of knowledge and practical skill scores
were higher compared to pre-training scores (t= -12.442, p=0.000; t=
-22.899, p=0.000). There was a significant and moderate association
between the adult basic life support Knowledge Form scores and the
adult basic life support practice assessment form scores obtained after
the training (r= 0.39, p<0.01). Conclusion: The study showed that
basic life support training improved knowledge and skills related to
basic life support practices in nursing students. Periodic basic life
support training is very important for competency in this area among
nursing students. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.51 Cite
as: Kose S, Akin S, Mendi O, Goktas S. The effectiveness of basic life
support training on nursing students\u2019 knowledge and basic life
support practices: a non-randomized quasi-experimental design. Afri
Health Sci.2019;19(2): 2252-2262.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.5
Infection dynamics of Theileria annulata over a disease season following cell line vaccination
Tropical theileriosis is a tick-borne haemoparasitic disease of cattle caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. Globally, the economic impact of the disease is immense and enhanced control measures would improve livestock production in endemic regions. Immunisation with a live attenuated vaccine is an effective and widely used control method, however, the repeated use of live vaccines may have an impact on the field parasite population at a genetic level. Additionally, there has been an increasing number of reports of vaccine breakthrough cases in recent years. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the genetic composition of a parasite population over a disease season in a locality where live cell line vaccination is practised. A diverse range of parasite genotypes was identified and every T. annulata positive cattle blood sample harboured multiple parasite genotypes. An alteration in the major genotype and an increasing multiplicity of infection in individual animals was observed over the course of the disease season. Vaccination status was found not to effect within-host multiplicity of infection, while a significantly higher number of genotypes was detected in grazed cattle compared to non-grazed ones. A degree of genetic isolation was evident between parasite populations on a micro-geographic scale, which has not been reported previously for T. annulata. Analysis of parasite genotypes in vaccinated animals suggested only a transient effect of the vaccine genotype on the genetic diversity of the T. annulata population. The vaccine genotype was not detected among clones of two vaccine ‘breakthrough’ isolates and there is no suggestion that it was responsible for disease. The obtained data indicated that in the system studied there is no apparent risk of introducing the vaccine genotype into the population with only a transient effect on the genetic diversity of the parasite population during the disease season
Molecular surveillance of Theileria parasites of livestock in Oman
Background: Theileriosis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases of livestock in the Arabian Peninsula,
and causes high rates of mortality and morbidity in sheep and cattle. However, there is a paucity of information
on the distribution of Theileria spp. over the whole region and their impact on different hosts. The present study
carried out a country-wide molecular survey for Theileria spp. of livestock in Oman across four governorates. The
aim of the survey was to define the prevalence of Theileria spp. in cattle, sheep and goats, highlight risk factors
for infection and identify the main tick species involved in parasite transmission.
Material and methods: A total of 2020 animals were examined in the survey consisting of sheep [n = 592], goats
[n = 981] and cattle [n = 447]. All three species were raised and co-grazed on the same farms. Theileria
parasites were detected using PCR-RFLP and RLB of the 18S rRNA gene. Cloning and sequencing of the 18S rRNA
was carried out on 11 T. lestoquardi isolates from Ash-Sharqiyah, and Ad-Dhahira governorates, and phylogenetic
relationships were inferred using additional sequences of T. lestoquardi, T. annulata and T. ovis available in
GenBank.
Results: Theileria spp. prevalence was 72.3%, 36.7% and 2.7% among cattle, sheep and goats, respectively.
Strong similarity in results was obtained using RLB and PCR-RFLP for detection of Theileria spp. however, RLB
detected a higher rate of mixed infection than PCR-RFPL (P < 0.001). Theileria annulata was the only parasite
detected in cattle, while sheep and goats carried T. ovis, T. lestoquardi and T. annulata as well as Theileria spp.
OT1. Of the four Theileria spp. detected in small ruminants, overall T. ovis was most prevalent (sheep [33.4%],
goats [2.0%]), whereas T. lestoquardi was less prevalent (sheep [22.0%], goats [0.5%]). A large proportion of
infected sheep (19%) carried mixed infection of T. ovis and T. lestoquardi. However, single T. lestoquardi
infections (3.0%) were less prevalent than T. ovis infections (14.5%). Risk of Theileria spp. infection was
significantly higher for exotic breeds, relative to native breeds, of cattle (p = 0.00002) and sheep (p = 0.005).
Phylogenetic analysis placed T. lestoquardi in Oman in the same clade as other T. lestoquardi strains isolated from
the same regional area (Iraq and Iran). The main tick species, identified on the examined animals, Hyalomma
anatolicum, was widely distributed and was found in all of the surveyed governorates.
Conclusion: Theileria spp. are widespread in Oman with variable prevalence detected in different regions. Two
economically important hosts, cattle and sheep are at high risk from virulent T. annulata and T. lestoquardi,
respectively. The survey indicates extensive exposure to ticks and transmission of infection that has a significant
economic impact. The higher prevalence of T. lestoquardi as mixed rather than single infection requires further
investigation
The effectiveness of basic life support training on nursing students' knowledge and basic life support practices: a non-randomized quasi-experimental study
Akin, Semiha/0000-0002-1901-2963; Mendi, Onur/0000-0003-4112-7035WOS: 000482191800051PubMed: 31656511Background: Provision of up-to-date information and skills training related to basic life support practices is very important for nursing students' professional development and practitioner and education related roles. Objective: the purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of basic life support training on knowledge and practices among nursing students. Methods: A non-randomized quasi-experimental design (One group pre-test-post-test) was used in this study. the study was conducted in the laboratory of an undergraduate nursing school. the sample consisted of a convenience sample of 1st-year students enrolled in the undergraduate nursing class. the study sample consisted of 65 nursing students. Basic life support training included both theoretical and practical components. the students' knowledge and practices were assessed before basic life support training. Data were collected using the knowledge assessment questionnaire. the practical skills for basic life support were observed and assessed using a checklist. the pre- and post-assessment practice scores were compared. Results: After basic life support training, level of knowledge and practical skill scores were higher compared to pre-training scores (t= -12.442, p=0.000; t= -22.899, p=0.000). There was a significant and moderate association between the adult basic life support Knowledge Form scores and the adult basic life support practice assessment form scores obtained after the training (r = 0.39, p<0.01). Conclusion: the study showed that basic life support training improved knowledge and skills related to basic life support practices in nursing students. Periodic basic life support training is very important for competency in this area among nursing students
Early Detection of Skin Cancer Using Deep Learning Architectures: Resnet-101 and Inception-v3
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalently seen cancer type in human
beings. Skin cancer occurs due to the uncontrollable growing of
mutations taking place in DNAs owing to some reasons. Recognizing the
cancer in early stages could increase the chance of a successful
treatment. Nowadays, computer aided diagnosis applications are used
almost at every field. One of the mostly used areas is health sector.
Biomedical datasets are created by saving the data of illness people in
computers. Our goal is to obtain an effective way for early diagnosis of
skin cancer by classifying our dataset images as benign or malignant.
Our dataset consists of 2437 training images, 660 test images and lastly
200 validation images. ResNet-101 and Inception-v3 deep learning
architectures are used for the classification task. Once the acquired
results are examined, an accuracy rate of 84.09\% is get in ResNet-101
architecture, and an accuracy rate of 87.42\% is get in Inception-v3
architecture