Suplementos para ovinos mantidos em pastos de capim-marandu

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation on the productive response, ruminal pH and ammoniacal nitrogen, and production cost of sheep grazing marandu grass in the dry season. The experiment lasted 84 days. Twenty noncastrated lambs with average age and initial body weight of four months and 24.2 kg, respectively, were used for performance evaluation, and were distributed in the following treatments which are, mineral salt, energetic, multiple and proteic supplements, with five animals per treatment, in area of 0.1 ha. For nutritional parameters evaluation, four rumen fitted sheep with 12 months of age and 55 kg of weight were distributed in four paddocks of 0.1 ha. Mineral salt, energetic, multiple and proteic supplements were evaluated. Weight gains were 0.017, -0.008, 0.024 and 0.077 kg per day for mineral salt, energetic, proteic and multiple supplements, respectively. Four hours after supplementation, ruminal pH values were 6.30, 6.40, 6.18 and 6.24 for mineral salt, energetic, multiple and proteic supplements, respectively. Values for ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen fluid were 10.57, 7.36, 21.58 and 24.50 mg dL-1 for mineral salt, energetic, multiple and proteic supplements, respectively. Mineral salt and proteic supplements produced weight gain with the lowest cost. The use of energetic supplement for lambs grazing lower protein content forage reduces weight gain. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação na resposta produtiva, no pH e no nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal, e no custo de produção de ovinos em pastagem de capim-marandu no período da seca. O experimento teve a duração de 84 dias. Utilizaram-se 20 cordeiros não castrados com idade e peso corporal inicial médios de quatro meses e 24,20 kg, respectivamente, para avaliação do desenvolvimento, distribuídos em cada um dos tratamentos que são os suplementos, mineral, energético, proteico e múltiplo, com cinco animais por tatamento, em área de 0,1 ha. Para avaliação dos parâmetros nutricionais, foram utilizados quatro ovinos fistulados no rúmen com 12 meses e 55 kg de peso corporal foram distribuídos em quatro piquetes de 0,1 ha. Avaliaram-se os suplementos mineral, energético, múltiplo e proteico. Os ganhos de peso foram de 0,017, -0,008, 0,024 e 0,077 kg por dia para os suplementos mineral, energético, múltiplo e proteico, respectivamente. Quatro horas após suplementação, os valores de pH ruminal foram de 6,30, 6,40, 6,18 e 6,24 para os suplementos mineral, energético, múltiplo e proteico, respectivamente. Os valores para nitrogênio amoniacal do líquido ruminal foram de 10,57, 7,36, 21,58 e 24,50 mg dL-1 para os suplementos mineral, energético, múltiplo e proteico, respectivamente. Os suplementos mineral e proteico produziram o ganho de peso com o menor custo. O uso de suplemento energético para cordeiros submetidos à forragem com baixo teor de proteína reduz o ganho de peso

MANEJO ECOFISIOLÓGICO DO PASTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE OVINOS

Objetivou-se com esta revisão de literatura apresentar alguns resultados de pesquisa, por meio de trabalhos que buscaram consolidar a melhor forma de manejo das pastagens e do pastejo. Buscou-se aliar estudos já existentes na área, para comparar com os resultados obtidos com as novas técnicas. Nas pesquisas são utilizadas os sitemas de pastejo sob lotação continua e sob lotação rotativa, com o âmbito de equilibrar o manejo com a fisiologia da planta. Conclui-se com os resultados de pesquisas que cada cultivar deve ter seu própio manejo, pois reagem de forma diferente após a desfolhação. Porém, sem um manejo adequado da estrutura do pasto, nem o animal e nem a planta poderão exercer seu máximo potencial produtivo. Neste sentido, estudos devem ser realizados para que possamos entender e aliar o manejo do pastejo com o manejo da pastagem, maximizando o sistema de produção.

Desempenho produtivo e econômico de novilhas Nelore suplementadas no período de transição seca-águas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the body weight gain and the economic viability of Nelore heifers reared on pasture grass Marandu during transition dry-waters receiving energetic, proteic and multiple supplements. Twenty Nelore heifers were used, with average initial body weight of 189.75 ± 21.55 kg distributed in four paddocks  of 1.6 ha each. The experimental design was completely randomized (four supplements and five replicates) to evaluate the following supplements: energetic supplement (ES) proteic supplement (PS) and multiple supplement (MS), provided that the amount of 1 kg animal day-1, beyond the exclusive supplement with mineral mixture (MM) ad libitum. The economic evaluation was conducted considering the return of invested capital by dividing the profit margin for the total investment involved in the process of supplementation. The average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.10) for the animals receiving PS (0.68 kg animal day-1) and MS (0.66 kg animal day-1) supplements in relation to MM supplement (0.48 kg animal day-1). The results for average daily gain additional supplement to the MM were 0.088; 0.202 and 0.183 kg day for animals receiving the ES, PS and MS supplements, respectively. In economic terms was observed higher return for the PS supplement (4.38%). The use of proteic supplementation and multiple promoted more productive performance of heifers supplemented grazing in the transition dry-waters, however the multiple supplement resulted in greater economic viability.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ganho de peso e a viabilidade econômica de novilhas Nelore recriadas em pastagem de capim Marandu no período de transição seca-águas recebendo suplemento energético, protéico e múltiplo. Foram utilizadas vinte novilhas Nelore, com peso corporal médio inicial de 189,75 ± 21,55 kg distribuídas em quatro piquetes de 1,6 ha cada. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (quatro suplementos e cinco repetições) para avaliar os seguintes suplementos: suplemento energético (SE), suplemento proteico (SP) e suplemento múltiplo (SM), fornecidos na quantidade de 1 kg animal dia-1, além do suplemento exclusivo com mistura mineral (MM) ad libitum. A avaliação econômica foi realizada tendo em vista a remuneração do capital investido, dividindo-se a margem de lucro pelo investimento total envolvido no processo de suplementação. O ganho médio diário (GMD) foi maior (P<0,10) para os animais recebendo os suplementos SP (0,68 kg animal dia-1) e SM (0,66 kg animal dia-1) em relação ao suplemento MM (0,48 kg animal dia-1). Os resultados para ganho médio diário adicional ao suplemento MM foram de 0,088; 0,202 e 0,183 kg dia-1 para os animais recebendo os suplementos SE, SP e SM, respectivamente. Em termos econômicos foi observado maior retorno para o suplemento SP (4,38%). A utilização de suplementação protéica e múltipla promoveu maior desempenho produtivo de novilhas em pastejo suplementadas no período de transição seca-águas, entretanto o suplemento múltiplo resultou em maior viabilidade econômica

Degradable protein in rumen and frequency of supplementation for it recreates of bovine in pasture

It was aimed to evaluate the effect of the rumen degradable protein (RDP) and supplementation frequency on the consumption and digestibility of the nutrients, concentration of amoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), ruminal pH and nitrogen compounds excreted in the urine (NUR) and serum (NS) in bovine in pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the rainy/dry transition period. Five crossbred steers, castrated, with average body weight of 350 kg, cannulated in the rumen, were used. The experiment used in Latin square design 5 X 5, with duration of 21 days each experimental period. The treatments were: SAL - mineral mix supplied ad libitum (Controls); daily RDP: supplement formulated to meet the requirements RDP, with daily supply; frequency RDP: supplement formulated to meet the requirements RDP, supplied three times on week (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays); RDP+: supplement formulated with increment of 10% of the requirements of RDP supplied 3X; RDP-: supplement formulated with less 10% of the requirements of RDP supplied 3X. There was statistical difference for dry matter intake (DMI), forage (CFO) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF with treatment effect (p 0.05) DMI and apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF. The ruminal pH was different between the frequency RDP supplements vs. RDP- time 4 hours on day no supplementation. The ruminal ammonia concentration of the supplemented animals showed a difference between the RDP daily supplements vs. RDP frequency; RDP frequency vs. RDP +; RDP frequency vs. PDR-. The nitrogen serum concentration is larger (P <0.10) in animals consuming multiple supplements with increment of 10% of the requirements of RDP

Bio-economic efficiency of supplementation for steers in Marandu Grass pasture

The objective was to evaluate the effect of mineral salt (MS), multiple (MS), energy (ES) and protein supplements (PS) on performance, behavior and production cost of the cattle in Marandu grass pasture. The experiment lasted 84 days, conducted in the experimental area consists of four paddocks of 1.45 ha. Twenty steers were used with age and initial body weight of 172 kg and 10 months, respectively. It used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicate. The energy, multiple and protein supplements was supplied on 1.0 kg day-1. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, to determine the average daily gain (ADG). The weight gain of animals was 0.380, 0.600, 0.750 and 0.730 kg/day, respectively, for treatments MS, ES, MS and PS, have been verified statistical difference between supplemented animals and animals than received only mineral salt. The multiple supplement produced ADG 49.33% and 20.00% higher than the mineral salt. The multiple and protein supplements permitted average performance 18.92% higher than the energy supplement. There was no difference in behavior of grazing (P> 0.05). Animals receiving the mineral mixture had time to 8.40 hours of grazing animal day-1. The multiple supplement provided better economic performance considering the sale of animals to 350 kg body weight

Suplementação infrequente e fontes proteicas para recria de bovinos em pastejo no período seco: parâmetros nutricionais

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos de fontes proteicas e da frequência de fornecimento de suplemento sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, as concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), o pH ruminal e o nitrogênio ureico no soro de bovinos recriados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu no período seco. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos mestiços Nelore × Angus fistulados no rúmen, castrados, com peso médio inicial de 295 kg em um delineamento quadrado latino 5 × 5. Avaliaram-se dois suplementos isoproteicos, um com farelo de soja (FS) e outro com farelo de algodão de alta energia, fornecidos em duas frequências: diariamente (7 vezes por semana) e 3 vezes por semana (segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras); e mistura mineral (MM). A suplementação aumentou o consumo de PB, extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), em kg/dia. O suplemento com farelo de algodão o consumo de extrato etéreo. Houve efeito positivo da suplementação 3 vezes por semana sobre os consumos de matéria seca total, de forragem, de matéria orgânica de forragem, carboidratos totais (CT) e FDN. A suplementação reduziu a digestibilidade da FDN e aumentou a de PB. O suplemento com farelo de algodão reduziu a digestibilidade de FDN e carboidratos totais. A suplementação 3 vezes por semana não afetou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes nem o pH ruminal. O consumo de suplemento aumenta as concentrações de N-NH3, principalmente se realizado 3 vezes por semana. As concentrações de nitrogênio ureico no soro de bovinos em pastejo aumentam com o consumo de suplementos.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein sources and frequency of supplement offer on the intake and nutrient digestibility, on the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), on rumen pH and on serum urea nitrogen concentrations in steers grazing pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the dry season. Five crossbred Zebu × Angus steers with initial live weight of 295 kg, castrated and fitted with rumen canullae were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. It was evaluated two isoprotein supplements, one with soybean meal (SM) and the other with high energy cottonseed meal, offered at two frequencies: every day (7 times a week), or 3 times a week (on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays); and a mineral mixture (MM). The supplementation increased the intake of CP, of ether extract (EE) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) in kg/day. The supplement with cottonseed meal increased the intake of ether extract. There was a positive effect of the three times a week supplementation on the intakes of total dry matter, of forage, of organic matter of forage, total carbohydrates (TC) and NDF. The supplementation reduced the digestibility of the NDF and increased the digestibility of the CP. The supplement with cottonseed meal reduced digestibility of NDF and total carbohydrates. Three times a week supplementation did not affect digestibility of the nutrients neither the rumen pH. Supplement intake increases concentrations of N-NH3, especially if it is carried out 3 times a week. Concentrations of urea nitrogen in the serum of growing steers increase

Total digestible nutrient levels in supplements for finishing steers in the rainy season: nutritional characteristics and microbial efficiency

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total digestible nutrient (TDN) levels in supplements on rumen pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration, intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance and microbial efficiency in beef cattle grazing on Marandu grass during the rainy season. The supplements comprised a mineral mixture, ground corn grain, soybean hulls, roasted soybeans and urea:ammonium sulfate. The mineral mix (MM) and supplements were supplied at 800, 1,600 and 2,400 g/animal/day, contained 500, 1,000 and 1,500 g of TDN, respectively, and were termed S500, S1000 and S1500. Supplemental crude protein (CP) was fixed at 300g animal/day for all supplementing strategies. Four crossbred rumen-fistulated steers, with an average weight of 512kg, were utilized. The animals were distributed in a 4×4 Latin square in four paddocks of 0.25 ha. The rumen nitrogen concentration was increased by 63% after four hours of supplementation. Supplements with increased TDN levels did not alter the total dry matter and forage intakes, although the TDN levels linearly increased the non-fibrous carbohydrates intake. Additionally, most supplements did not alter the digestibility of the diet nutrients.The nitrogen balance was similar in all treatments. However, supplements with the highest TDN levels linearly improved the microbial efficiency of finishing beef cattle that were pasture-grazed during the rainy season. Supplements with in creasing TDN levels improve the microbial efficiency during the rainy season