192 research outputs found
The semantic component of the evoked potential of differentiation
This work analyzes data from recordings of (occipital and temporal) cortical evoked potentials (called evoked potentials of differentiation (EPD) occurring in humans in response to an abrupt substitution of stimuli. As stimuli we used three groups of words: the names of the ten basic colors taken from Newton’s color circle; the names of seven basic emotions forming Shlossberg’s circle of emotions; and seven nonsense words comprised of random combinations of letters. Within each group of word stimuli we constructed a matrix of the differences between the amplitudes of mid-latency components of EPD for each pair of words. This matrix was analyzed using the method of multidimensional scaling. As a result of this analysis we were able to distinguish the semantic and configurational components of EPD amplitude. The semantic component of EPD amplitude was evaluated by comparing structure of the data obtained to the circular structures of emotion and color names. The configurational component was evaluated on the basis of the attribute of word length (number of letters). It was demonstrated that the semantic component of the EPD can only be detected in the left occipital lead at an interpeak amplitude of P120-N180. The configurational component is reflected in the occipital and temporal leads to an identical extent, but only in the amplitude of a later (N180-P230) component of the EPD. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the coding of categorized, configurational, and semantic attributes of a visual stimulus.Este trabajo analiza datos de registros (occipitales y temporales) de potenciales corticales evocados (llamados potenciales de diferenciación evocados-EPD) que ocurren en humanos como respuesta a una sustitución abrupta de estímulos. Como estímulos, se emplearon tres grupos de palabras: los nombres de los diez colores básicos tomados del círculo de color de Newton; los nombres de las siete emocionas básicas que forman el círculo de emociones de Shlossberg; y siete pseudos palabras formadas por combinaciones de letras al azar. Para cada grupo de palabras-estímulo construimos una matriz de las diferencias entre las amplitudes de los componentes en la mitad de la latencia del EPD para cada pareja de palabras. Se analizó esta matriz con el método del escalonamiento multidimensional. Como resultado de este análisis, pudimos distinguir los componentes semánticos y configuracionales de la amplitud EPD. El componente semántico de la amplitud EPD se evaluó comparando la estructura de los datos obtenidos con las estructuras circulares de la emoción y de los nombres de los colores. El componente configuracional se evaluó mediante el atributo de la longitud de la palabra (número de letras). Se demostró que el componente semántico del EPD sólo puede detectarse en el electrodo occipital izquierdo en una amplitud inter-pico de P120-N180. El componente configuracional se refleja en los electrodos occipitales y temporales de forma idéntica, pero sólo en la amplitud de un componente más tardío (N180-P230) del EPD. Los resultados obtenidos se comentan en términos de la codificación de los atributos categorizados, configuracionales y semánticos de un estímulo visual
Perspective directions in the development of architecture of the polytechnic museums
The museums of science and technology (or polytechnic) highlight the process of the innovational development of the society and have their own place in the system of school-science-industry-technical culture. The innovational activity of certain regions, states or groups of states is comprised of inventions, discoveries, new products and technologies that is all that provides the development of society and its competitive advantages. The modern polytechnic museums combine not only the functions of the demonstration of the achievements of the scientific and technological progress but also training and development of new inventions. In connection with the multifunctional nature of the modern polytechnic museum architects face the challenge of the creation of the architecture with universal dimensional planning elements, with its possible transformation in the course of time.Keywords: museum; science; innovations; technology; typolog
Technological features of production of lactate-containing additives from milk whey fermented with lactic acid bacteria
ArticleMilk whey becomes a product of interest to researchers and manufacturers due to
stricter environmental protection requirements. This paper discusses bioconversion of whey
lactose into lactate-containing additives using microorganisms of Lactobacillus genus. The
biotransformation of lactose from curd whey and standard solutions of cheese whey into lactic
acid derivatives was assessed by the following parameters: the productivity of lactic acid bacteria,
the rate of lactose fermentation, the total amount of calcium lactate and its formation rate.
Selection of the medium preparation and lactic acid biosynthesis parameters based on these
measurements proved to yield optimal results. Lactic acid bacteria from the subgroup of
thermophilic bacilli L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. lactis, L. helveticus, L. рlantarum
were also tested. The optimal synthetic activity in the terms of calcium lactate turnover and
formation rate was demonstrated by L. acidophilus in a medium based on the concentrated whey
with 8% lactose
Multidimensional Scaling of Schematically Represented Faces Based on Dissimilarity Estimates and Evoked Potentials of Differences Amplitudes
Este estudio investiga la entrada del córtex cerebral occipital y temporal en el análisis de la confirguración facial y de las características expresivas. El análisis se basa en la construcción de un modelo esférico de diferenciación de caras presentadas esquemáticamente cuando la curvatura de boca y cejas varía quantitativamente. El modelo se ha diseñado empleando el método de escalonamiento multidimensional de los juicios de disimilitud entre los estímulos (caras) y la amplitud de los potenciales evocados de las diferencias (PED) entre los cambios abruptos de los estímulos registrados desde el córtex occipital y temporal posterior. Dependiendo del lugar de inserción del electrodo y la latencia del componente PED, el análisis de la estructura del modelo esférico de diferenciación facial en de la duración de 120-240 ms ha demostrado que la actividad del córtex occipital y temporal posterior del hemisferio derecho se asocia con las características emocionales de la cara presentada, y que la confguración facial se refleja en la activación de los córtex temporal posterior y occipital del hemisferio izquierdo. En todos los lugares de inserción de los electrodos, la máxima información de la expresión y configuración emocional se representa en una amplitud inter-pico de P120-N180. Al incrementar la latencia, aumenta la distorsión de la esturtura de las diferencias en el modelo esférico de caras presentadas esquemáticamente, lo cual se interpreta como la atenuación de la actividad eléctrica asociada al análisis de la expresión emocional, el cual ocurre más rápidamente que el análisis configuracional.This study researches the input of the cerebral occipital and temporal cortex in the analysis of facial configuration and expressive characteristics. Analysis is based on the construction of a spherical model for the differentiation of schematically presented faces with quantitatively altering curvature of the mouth and brows. The model is designed using the method of multidimensional scaling of the dissimilarity judgments between stimuli (faces) and the amplitude of evoked potentials of differences (EPD) between abrupt stimulus changes recorded from the occipital and posterior temporal cortex. Analysis of the structure of the spherical model of facial differentiation depending on the electrode site and the latency of the EPD component within the duration of 120-240 ms has demonstrated that the activity of the occipital and posterior temporal cortex of the right hemisphere is associated with the emotional characteristics of the presented face, whereas facial configuration is reflected in the activation of both posterior temporal cortex and the occipital cortex of the left hemisphere. At all electrode sites maximum information of the emotional expression and configuration is represented in inter-peak amplitude P120-N180. With increasing latency there is increased distortion of the structure of differences in the spherical model of schematically presented faces, which is interpreted as an attenuation of electrical activity associated with the analysis of the emotional expression, which occurs more rapidly than configuration analysi
New personalized genetic mouse model of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome for pharmacology and gene therapy
In the current study, we present the results of the generation of a genetically modified mouse strain carrying a deletion in the HPRT1 gene. These mice can be effectively used for the preclinical testing of new drugs aimed at the treatment of Lesch-Nyhan syndrom
Изучение отверждения полиуретановых покрытий методом ик-спектроскопии
The results of the study of the curing process of polyurethane compositions with participation of two different catalysts by the method of IR spectroscopy are given. The time dependences of curing of polyurethane coatings from concentrations of catalysts were determined, on the basis of which the most effective catalyst was selected.Приведены результаты исследования процесса отверждения полиуретановых композиций с участием двух различных катализаторов методом ИК-спектроскопии. Определены временные зависимости отверждения полиуретанового покрытия от концентраций катализаторов, по которым выбран наиболее эффективный катализатор
BIOFUELS THIRD GENERATION
The paper describes the main aspects of microalgae usage in fuel production. The shortcomings of existing methods of biofuel production are shown. There is a need to develop new optimal economically justified microalgae cultivation technologies.В работе рассмотрены основные аспекты применения микроводорослей в производстве топлива. Приведены недостатки существующих способов производства биотоплива. Отмечена необходимость разработки новых оптимальных, экономически обоснованных технологий культивирования микроводорослей
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