The effect of pulsed ultrasound exposure on the oxygen dissociation curve of human erythrocytes in in vitro conditions

The P-50 value, a marker for the behavior of the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) and values of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), blood gases and acid base parameters (pH, PCO2, actual HCO3-, base excess, PO2, SO2) and erythrocyte parameters (the number of erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin values) that are known to effect P-50, were measured before and after ultrasound (US) exposure to examine the effect of pulsed US beams on the ODC of human erythrocytes. Venous blood samples taken from healthy subjects were sonicated at 0degreesC for 30 min by pulsed US beams with a constant frequency of 5 MHz. Experiments showed that the values of pH, actual HCO3-, standard HCO3- base excess, 2,3-DPG and P-50 were changed considerably by pulsed US. Furthermore, correlation calculations were made to find out the relation between the P-50 values and the other parameters. As a result, a significant relation was found between P-50 values and the values of pH, actual HCO3-, PO2, SO2 and 2,3-DPG. In conclusion, we can express that a highly significant increase occurs in P-50 value of venous blood after a pulsed US exposure at a constant frequency of 5 MHz for 30 min under in vitro conditions at 0degreesC. That is hemoglobin becomes suitable for deoxy (tense structure) conformation when blood affinity of O-2 is low. It means that hemoglobin becomes convenient for proton (H+) and CO2 binding. (E-mail: [email protected]) (C) 2002 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine Biology

Temperature changes in superficial and deep tissue layers with respect to time of cold gel pack application in dogs

Despite the widespread clinical use of cryotherapy, there is only limited and inconsistent data on application times. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in tissue temperature and the duration of this effect. In this experimental study, five adult dogs were used. A cold gel pack (10 x 20 cm) was applied transversally over the right leg femoral region