ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВАЛЮТНИМИ РИЗИКАМИ КОМЕРЦІЙНОГО БАНКУ

The relevance of the work is that the effective use of resources is closely related to risk management, which is a key strategic objectives of the bank management. Understanding the essence of banking risks, proper evaluation and management prevents or significantly reduce the inevitable losses that occur in the business.Актуальность работы заключается в том, что эффективное использование ресурсов тесно связано с управлением рисками, входящий в ключевых задач стратегического управления банком. Понимание сути банковских рисков, правильное оценки и управления ими позволяет избежать или значительно уменьшить неизбежные потери, возникающие в банковской деятельности.Актуальність роботи  полягає в тому, що ефективне використання ресурсів тісно пов’язане з управлінням ризиками, що входить до ключових завдань стратегічного управління банком. Розуміння суті банківських ризиків, правильне оцінювання й управління ними дає змогу уникнути або значно зменшити неминучі втрати, які виникають у банківській діяльності.

Ionization Potential of the Helium Atom

Ground state ionization potential of the He^4 atom is evaluated to be 5 945 204 221 (42) MHz. Along with lower order contributions, this result includes all effects of the relative orders alpha^4, alpha^3*m_e/m_alpha and alpha^5*ln^2(alpha).Comment: 4 page

Mercury in the Barents region – River fluxes, sources, and environmental concentrations

Arctic rivers are receiving increased attention for their contributing of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean. Despite this, the knowledge on both the terrestrial release sources and the levels of Hg in the rivers are limited. Within the Arctic, the Barents region has a high industrial development, including multiple potential Hg release sources. This study presents the first overview of potential Hg release sources on Norwegian and Russian mainland draining to the Barents Sea. Source categories cover mining and metallurgy industry; historical pulp and paper production; municipal and industrial solid waste handling; fossil fuel combustion; and past military activities. Available data on Hg in freshwater bodies near the identified potential release sources are reviewed. Levels of Hg were occasionally exceeding the national pollution control limits, thereby posing concern to the local human population and wildlife. However, the studies were sparse and often unsystematic. Finally, we present new data of Hg measured in five Barents rivers. These data reveal strong seasonality in the Hg levels, with a total annual flux constituting 2% of the panarctic total. With this new insight we aspire to contribute to the international efforts of reducing Hg pollution, such as through the effective implementation of the Minamata Convention. Future studies documenting Hg in exposed Barents freshwater bodies are warranted.publishedVersio

Resonant nuclear transition in the d-mu-Li6 muonic molecule

The reaction rate of the nuclear fusion d+Li6 ----> Be8*(2+,0) is estimated in the case where the nuclei are confined to each other by a muon. For the description of nuclear transitions, a method which is analogous to the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals has been used. Using the complex coordinate rotation method, we found that a molecular d-mu-Li6 state exists with energy (-20.3084-i0.0066) eV and |\Psi_{m}(0)|=0.44x10^{-7} fm^-3/2. The nuclear wave functions needed, were constructed in the form of antisymmetrized products of harmonic-oscillator functions for the three-cluster approximation, (dd\alpha), to the five-body (NNNN\alpha) problem. It was found that the reaction rate \lambda is strongly dependent on the energy gap between the d-Li6 threshold and the energy of the final Be8^* resonant state. The value of \lambda obtained by averaging over the width of this resonance, is 0.183x10^10 sec^{-1}.Comment: REVTEX, 63K, no postscripts, 21 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Spectral analysis of internal waves generated by tide-topography interaction

Internal waves in the deep ocean play a deciding role in processes such as climate change and nutrient cycles. Winds and tidal currents over topography feed energy into internal waves at large scales; through nonlinear interaction the energy then cascades to turbulence scales and contributes to deep-ocean mixing. The connection of internal waves to deep-ocean mixing is what makes them important. In this thesis we address the problem of energy transfer in internal waves by modelling a two-dimensional flow over idealized topography and analysing the spectra of the generated wave fields. The main tool used is the nonparametric spectral analysis, some aspects of which are reviewed in one of the chapters. The numerical experiments were performed for a number of latitudes, topographies and background flows. The wave field generated by tide-topography interaction includes both progressive and trapped internal waves. The wave spectrum was found to exhibit a self-similar structure with prominent peaks at tidal harmonics and interharmonics, whose magnitudes decay exponentially as a function of the frequency. Subharmonics are generated by an instability of tidal beams, which is particularly strong for near-critical latitudes, where the Coriolis frequency is half the tidal frequency; other interharmonics are produced through resonant and non-resonant triad wave-wave interaction. As the triad interaction can be either resonant or non-resonant, some harmonics and interharmonics correspond to progressive waves, if the frequency is within the free internal wave range, while the others are trapped waves if the frequency is outside the range. Spatial scales of harmonics and interharmonics were investigated. In particular, it was shown that interharmonics typically have smaller vertical scales. Through the use of spatial analysis it was shown that there is a discrete number of wave-wave interactions responsible for the total energy transfer. The results of the thesis provide insight into the complex nature of internal wave interactions and may be helpful for interpreting recent observational results

A possibility to infer frustrations of supported catalytic clusters from macro-scale observations

Abstract Recent experimental and theoretical studies suggest that dynamic active centres of supported heterogeneous catalysts may, under certain conditions, be frustrated. Such out-of-equilibrium materials are expected to possess unique catalytic properties and also higher level of functionality. The latter is associated with the navigation through the free energy landscapes with energetically close local minima. The lack of common approaches to the study of out-of-equilibrium materials motivates the search for specific ones. This paper suggests a way to infer some valuable information from the interplay between the intensity of reagent supply and regularities of product formation

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL ACTIONS ON LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

The investigations of the fundamental problems on the influence of the external actions (pressure, electric and magnetic fields, temperature) on the acoustic properties of the solids - centre-symmetric and piezo-electric crystals, metals - have been made. The experimental methods for determination of the higher order coefficients characterizing the non-linear elastic and electroacoustic properties of the solids have been developed on base of the theoretical analysis of electroacoustic interaction anisotropy in the dielectric and piezo-electric crystals, and the numerical values of these coefficients in the lithium niobate, strontium titanate and potassium dihydrophosphate have been measured. The experimental investigations of influencing special features of the electron-phonon interaction on the linear and non-linear acoustic properties in a number of the metals in the conditions of combined action of the strong magnetic fields of the one-sided at variable temperatures (4,2 - 400 K) at which the significant change in the energetical spectrum of the charge carriers took a place in the investigated objects have been made. The new effects predicted earlier only theoretically have been investigated. Usage field: acoustics, acoustoelectronics, physics of solids and material science.Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio