Motivating Morpho-Syntactic Changes in Turkic Subordinations

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetics and Phonological Universals (1998

Türkçede Geçişim ve Sözcük Dizimine Etkisi

Bu yazıda amaç durum düşmesi ile tümcedeki öbek düzeni arasındaki ilgiyi yapısal bir yaklaşımla incelemek olduğu için, durum düşmesi görüngüsünü şu şekilde betimleyeceğiz: Gönderge işlevi olmayan ad öbekleri, yapısal durum takısı alamazlar ve kurucularından biri oldukları tümcede, eylemin hemen solunda bulunurlar; bu tür ad öbekleri, fiilden ayrılamazlar

Further Thoughts and Observations About Silent Arguments in Turkish

The question of how silence is interpreted by native speakers, as well as when silence is possible to begin with, is one of the most basic issues with respect to the syntactic (and morpho-syntactic) investigations cross-linguistically. In these brief remarks, I would like to address some data in Turkish and their analysis to be found in this context in prior studies. More specifically, I would like to suggest that some of the claims made in the (scarce) literature on empty pronouns versus ellipsis in Turkish should be weakened somewhat, given that the generalizations proposed can be overridden in some contexts

Lewis base catalyzed enantioselective oxysulfenylation of alkenes

The Lewis base activation of Lewis acids has been harnessed in the development of an enantioselective oxysulfenylation reaction for unactivated alkenes. The weak Lewis acid N-(phenylthio)-phthalimide can be activated in the presence of a moderate Brønsted acid and chiral Lewis base donors. The resulting complex is a powerful sulfenylating agent capable of sulfenium transfer to simple mono-, di- and trisubstituted alkenes with high selectivity to form enantioenriched thiiranium ions. Stereospecific and site-selective capture of the thiiranium ions furnish vicinally functionalized thioethers. The nucleophile scope of the reaction encompasses alcohols, carboxylic acids and phenols. Both inter- and intramolecular sulfenylation reactions were realized. The reaction is highly robust and individual substrates usually did not require reoptimization. Mechanistic, X-ray crystallographic and kinetic investigations enabled a complete catalytic cycle to be formulated. The proposed cycle was supported by both kinetic data and the characterization of reaction intermediates. The turnover-limiting and enantiodetermining steps were identified as thiiranium ion formation. X-ray crystallography of the active sulfenylating agent did not immediately identify a basis for the high selectivity. Instead, the origin of selectivity in the reaction of trans-alkenes was determined to be distortion-based with the aid of computational models

Haplology within M-Words and P-Words: Revisiting the Stuttering Prohibition in Turkish

Middle Eastern Studie

Adding structure to Gnutella to improve search performance in a real-world deployment

Gnutella is still one of the most popular P2P systems with millions of users. The advantages of Gnutella are its low maintenance overhead, its excellent robustness properties, and its query processing flexibility. Recent improvements, such as the introduction of ultrapeers and augmented node degrees also significantly reduced its excessive network bandwidth usage which was one of Gnutella's major drawbacks. Despite these improvements, Gnutella is still inefficient for rare queries in terms of low success rates and massive message propagation overhead. In this paper we augment the unstructured Gnutella network with a structured overlay network of ultrapeers based on the Kademlia DHT to address the problem of rare queries in Gnutella. We present the required query, maintenance, and ultrapeer election algorithms which use both overlays at their optimal efficiency, describe the protocols and architecture of our hybrid system, and present our implementation on the basis of the LimeWire Gnutella client and the Azureus Kademlia implementation. To demonstrate the advantages and efficiency of our hybrid approach we provide experimental results from large-scale experiments with hybrid ultrapeers running on PlanetLab which were connected to the live LimeWire Gnutella and Azureus Kademlia networks, with approximately 4 million (LimeWire) and 800 thousand (Azureus) connected users during the experiments