Galectin-3: a novel blood test for the classification of patients with COPD. An observational study

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of mortality and mortality affecting the whole world. In the inflammatory process, lectin is elevated and consequently, Galectin-3 expression is increased. This relation has been revealed by studies on coronary diseases. However, studies on the association of Galectin-3 with COPD and even other pulmonary diseases have been limited, although it has been studied and described on cardiologic patients. For this reason, in this study Galectin-3 levels in different stages of COPD patients were investigated and whether Galectin-3 could be a guide clinically.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational prospective study, approved by local ethic committee (30112015-12), which included three groups of patients, COPD exacerbation, COPD stable and control group, admitted to tertiary healthcare between 01.09.2016 and 01.09.2017.  RESULTS: 137 subjects were included in the study. The mean age of patients in the study was 70.6. Galectin- 3 level in the group of COPD (exacerbation and stable) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). The Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in COPD exacerbation group than groups of stable COPD and control. And also, Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in stable COPD group than the control group (p values: 0.034, 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). The ROC analysis for the Galectin-3 levels between the COPD patients (exacerbation and stable) and the control group is shown in Figure 2 (AUC = 0.784). When the cut-off points of Galectin-3 is selected as 11.4; for this cut-off point, sensitivity is 83% and specificity is 71% for this cut-off point (AUC: 0.79 %95 GA: 0.70–0.86 p < 0.001).  CONCLUSIONS: COPD is a disease with high mortality and morbidity and efforts are being made to identify its severity and exacerbations with various biomarkers. In this study, Galectin-3 levels were found to be lower in patients with stable COPD group according to the control group. In addition, galactin-3 levels were found to be lower in COPD exacerbation group according to both Stable COPD group and control group. Although a certain threshold value was found in this study, more studies are needed to determine this threshold value more precisely. However, it is clear that these data are promising

İndol , kinazolin ve benzodiazepin sistemleri için yeni sentetik yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi

TÜBİTAK MAG30.11.2010İndol, altılı bir halka ile pirol halkasından oluşan bisiklik yapıya sahip heterosiklik ve aromatik bileşiktir. İndol türevleri çok geniş bir yelpezade çeşitli biyolojik aktivite gösterirler. Kinazolin halkası, benzen halkası ve pirimidin halkasının kenetlenmesi sonucu oluşmuş bir bileşiktir. Tıbbi açıdan, çeşitli alanlarda, örneğin; sıtma ve kanser hastalıklarının tedavisinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Benzodiazepinler, benzen ve iki azot atomu içeren yedili bir halkanın kenetlenmesi sonucunda oluşmuş bir bileşiktir. Piyasada 15’in üzerinde benzodiazepin türevi çeşitli psikolojik ve organik rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde ilaç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu bileşikler için literatürde sayısız ve çok çeşitli sentez yöntemleri mevcuttur. Bu proje kapsamında, bu bileşiklerin sentezi için, benzen ve furan halkasına bağlı diasitlerden hareket ederek ilgili diizosiyanatlar sentezlendi. Asit grupları aromatik halkaya bir veya iki metilen grubu aracılığı ile de bağlanmış olabilirler. İzosiyanat gruplarından ikisi veya biri kontrollü bir şekilde üretan veya üreye çevrildi.Üre ve/veya üretan fonksiyonel grubun diğer izosiyanat grubuna intramoleküler katılması sağlanarak yapıları aşağıda verilen aromatik halkaya kenetlenmiş yeni heterosiklik bileşiklerin sentezi gerçekleştirildi. Diasitlerin yanı sıra, heterosiklik halkanın oluşturulması için yarıesterler devreye sokuldu. Serbest asit fonksiyonel grubu, önce üretan ve/veya üreye çevrildi. Bazik şartlarda halka kapanma reaksiyonu heterosiklik halkayı oluşturdu. Diaçil azid sentezini gerçekleştiremediğimiz homoftalik asitte ise benzokromenon tipi kondenzasyon ürünlerinin oluştuğu belirlendi. Böylece bu sistemlerin sentezi için de yeni bir yöntem geliştirilmiş oldu.Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic compound, which has a bicyclic structure consisting of six-membered ring and pyrole ring. The derivatives of indoles show a variety of biological activity. Quinazoline is a compound made up of two fused six-membered simple aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring. Medicinally, it has been used in various areas especially as an anti-malarial agent and in cancer treatment. Benzodiazepines have a bicyclic structure consisting of benzene ring and a seven-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms. More than 15 different types of benzodiazepine medications exist to treat a wide array of both psychological and physical maladies based on dosage and implications. For the synthesis of these class of compounds, varies synthetic procedures have been published in the literature. In this project, for the synthesis of these compounds benzene and furan having two carboxylic acid groups have been used as the starting material and diacids were transformed into the corresponding diisocyanates. The acid functionalities may be directly attached to the aromatic or heterocyclic ring or they may be separated by one or two methylene groups. Both or one of these isocyanate groups have been converted into the corresponding urethane and/or urea derivatives. Intramolecular cyclization, by the addition of the urethane or urea derivative to the second isocyanate function opened up a new entry for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds their structures are given below. Furthermore, halfester were used for the construction of a heteroring. Acid functionality was transferred into urethane or urea derivatives. Ring-closure under the basic conditions gave also the heterocyclic unit. It was not possible to convert the homophthalic acid into diacylazide, however, it underwent condensation reaction and formed benzochromenone derivatives. This opened up a new entry to the synthesis of this class of compounds

Bis-aminoinositol sentezi için yeni metotların geliştirilmesi.

Cyclitols are cyclic compounds having hydroxyl groups which attached to different carbons on the ring. Cyclitols have attracted a great deal of attention for having diverse biological activities. Cyclic alcohols play an important role in biological processes such as inhibition of glycosidase, cellular recognition, and signal transduction. In addition to this, these compounds are very important molecules due to being capable of using while synthesizing natural products or pharmaceuticals. In this study, development of new methodology for the synthesis of bis-aminoinositol derivatives was aimed. The starting material, cis-diester, was synthesized from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride followed by reaction with MeOH. As a second key compound, trans-diester was obtained from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and fumaryl chloride followed by esterification. The diester functionality in these two compounds was planned to be converted into the hydrazide upon treatment with hydrazine monohydrate. Before this reaction, double bond was protected via stereo selective oxidation reaction with m-CPBA due to preventing retro Diels-Alder reaction. Then, hydrazide functionality was converted into acyl azide through β-nitroso hydrazide intermediate. Subsequent Curtius rearrangement reaction resulted in the formation of the isocyanate which was converted to the corresponding bis-urethane by treatment with MeOH. Attempt to cleave the oxa-bridge in urethane with sulfamic acid provided the unexpected tricyclic product 148. Furthermore, hydrolysis of isocyanate with aqueous HCl formed the diamine 156. However, O-bridge could not be opened with any reagents used for that of urethane derivative as described above. Then,the cis-diol 157 was synthesized to prevent the neighboring group participitation during the epoxide-opening reaction. Further ring-opening reactions are under investigation.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Tiyenopiridinon, tiyenodiazepinon ve benzimidazo-okzazepin türevlerinin sentezi için yöntem geliştirme.

Thienopyridinone and thienodiazepinone derivatives are known for their diverse pharmacological activities. Pyridinones and diazepinones play an important role in inhibition of some enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and regulation of various cell functions. They also demonstrate an interesting property in the repair of damaged DNA. In the first part of this thesis, we synthesized thienopyridinone and thienodiazepinone derivatives. Aminothiophene derivatives were successfully synthesized via Gewald type reaction which was followed by the conversion to iodo- and bromo-thiophene derivatives via modified Sandmayer reaction. Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction was used to generate carbon-carbon single bond between the thiophene ring and alkyne derivatives. Cyclization of those compounds with hydrazine hydrate gave target molecules. Imidazole derivatives exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, therefore they are of intensive synthetic interest. They are also used as precursors for the synthesis of heterocycles having pharmaceutical properties. In the second part of this thesis, a concise and efficient approach to the synthesis of benzimidazo-oxazepine derivatives was developed. The synthetic strategy relies on the O-propargylation of salicyl aldehyde derivatives followed by Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction for further derivatization. Resulting alkyne derivatives were converted into the corresponding imidazole rings under acidic condition. NaH-mediated cyclization gave desired compounds, benzimidazo-oxazepines.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

A new synthon for the synthesis of aminoinositol derivatives

Kaya, Serdal/0000-0002-0744-8057WOS: 000405048100012The regio- and stereoselective synthesis of a new synthon, trans-3,8-dioxatricyclo[3.2.1.0(2,4)]octane-6,7-diamine, from 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate is reported. Transformation of the acid functionalities to acyl azides followed by Curtius rearrangement gave the corresponding trans-diisocyanate, which was reacted with HCl to produce a trans-diamino compound that is a potentially important synthon for the versatile synthesis of aminocyclitols. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of Sciences; Middle East Technical University (METU)Financial support from the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), and Middle East Technical University (METU) is gratefully acknowledged

A Case of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata in Newborn

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctate (RCDP) is a rare autosomal recessive peroxisomal disease. The main features of the disease are shortening of the proximal long bones, punctate calcifications located in the epiphyses of long bones and in soft tissues around joints and vertebral column, vertebral clefting, dysmorphic face, and severe growth retardation, whereas cervical spinal stenosis may also rarely be present. Imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with this disorder may aid prognosis and guide management decisions. We report the newborn diagnosed as CDP with cervical stenosis. Our aim is to discuss current knowledge on etiopathogenesis as well as radiological and clinical symptoms of diseases associated with CDP

A Case of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata in Newborn

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctate (RCDP) is a rare autosomal recessive peroxisomal disease. The main features of the disease are shortening of the proximal long bones, punctate calcifications located in the epiphyses of long bones and in soft tissues around joints and vertebral column, vertebral clefting, dysmorphic face, and severe growth retardation, whereas cervical spinal stenosis may also rarely be present. Imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with this disorder may aid prognosis and guide management decisions. We report the newborn diagnosed as CDP with cervical stenosis. Our aim is to discuss current knowledge on etiopathogenesis as well as radiological and clinical symptoms of diseases associated with CDP

Seating system for scoliosis in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an adaptive seating system on pelvic obliquity and spinal coronal/sagittal balance in children with nonambulatory cerebral palsy and scoliosis. METHODS: This was a single-blind, prospective, randomized interventional study. Nonambulatory children aged 6???15 years with cerebral palsy and scoliosis were included. The seating system was used for 4 h/day, and exercises were performed 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The Cobb angle, spinopelvic parameters, pelvic obliquity, Reimer???s migration index, and Sitting Assessment Scale were measured before and after treatments. RESULTS: A total of 29 participants were randomized into two groups, namely, the seating system+exercise group (SSE-group; n=15) and the exercise group (E-group; n=14). There was no significant change in Cobb angle and Reimer???s migration index for both hips in SSE-group, but there was a significant increase in E-group (p=0.002, 0.049, and 0.003, respectively). The sagittal vertical axis, pelvic incidence, and pelvic obliquity decreased in SSE-group. However, there was no difference in the other sagittal parameters and Sitting Assessment Scale-total scores among groups. CONCLUSION: The adaptive seating system was found to be superior in reducing the progression of Cobb angle and hip subluxation/dislocation, decreasing pelvic obliquity, and improving the sagittal balance of the spine/pelvis compared with exercise therapy

Quality of Life of Children with Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Self-reports and Proxy Reports

This study aimed to explore how children with learning disabilities (LD) perceive their quality of life (QoL) and to compare self-reports and proxy reports regarding their QoL. Children with LD, their typically developing peers, their parents and teachers responded to the child, parent, and teacher forms of KINDLR Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998). Findings showed that children with LD reported significantly lower QoL scores than those reported by typically developing peers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and t-test results showed that agreement between child reports and parent-proxy reports was either low or moderate on each QoL dimension. Findings of the study may be used to raise awareness regarding the social and educational needs of children with LD in Turkey