Liikennetarpeen arviointi maankäytön suunnittelussa

Tähän julkaisuun on koottu tietoja erilaisten maankäytön toimintojen – kuten asumisen, kaupan toimipaikkojen ja työpaikkojen – tuottamasta liikenteestä. Liikennetarvetta koskevia matkatuotostietoja voidaan hyödyntää maankäytön ja liikenteen suunnittelutilanteissa, joissa on tarpeen arvioida ratkaisujen liikenteellisiä vaikutuksia tai vertailla vaihtoehtoisia sijaintikohteita toisiinsa. Liikennetarvetta koskevat tiedot on esitetty kuntaryhmittäin, sillä matkatuotokset ja erityisesti kulkutapajakauma ovat eri alueilla erilaisia. Tiedot on esitetty yhdyskuntarakenteen eri vyöhykkeille, joissa kaupunkimaiset seutukunnat on jaettu jalankulku-, joukkoliikenne- ja autovyöhykkeisiin joukkoliikennetarjonnan ja yhdyskuntarakenteellisen sijainnin perusteella. Erilaisten toimintojen tuottamien matkojen määrä on yleisimmin esitetty kävijöiden määränä kerrosalaa, asukasta tai työntekijää kohti tai vuorokauden kokonaiskävijämääränä

New instrument for measuring atmospheric concentrations of non-OH oxidants of SO2

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Prevalence and evolution of snoring and the associated factors in two-year-old children

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and persistence of snoring during the first two years of life in two Finnish birth cohorts and to assess the associated factors. Study design: The study population comprised 947 children from the CHILD-SLEEP (CS) and 1393 children from the FinnBrain (FB) birth cohorts. Questionnaires were provided to both parents when the child was 24 months of age. The questionnaire consisted of parts concerning the child's sleep and environmental factors. Results: The combined prevalence of habitual snoring in the two birth cohorts at the age of 24 months was 2.3% (95% CI 1.5-3.1), which is markedly lower than reported previously. Children suffering from recurrent infections (CS odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.5) or asthma (FB OR 4.3, 1.4-13.5) snored habitually more often. Both the mother's (CS OR 3.2, 1.2-9.0) and father's (CS OR 3.4, 1.4-8.0) snoring every night added to the risk of the child snoring. In the multivariate models, parental snoring (CS adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 2.8, 1.1-6.8), the mother's lower level of education (CS ORa 2.9, 1.2-7.5, FB ORa 2.1, 1.0-4.5), and the mother's lower monthly income (FB ORa 2.9, 1.3-6.3) associated with the child's habitual snoring. Conclusions: The prevalence of habitual snoring in two Finnish birth cohorts is lower than reported previously. The independent risk factors for habitual snoring at the age of two years were the parents' snoring and the mother's low income and low education.Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and persistence of snoring during the first two years of life in two Finnish birth cohorts and to assess the associated factors. Study design: The study population comprised 947 children from the CHILD-SLEEP (CS) and 1393 children from the FinnBrain (FB) birth cohorts. Questionnaires were provided to both parents when the child was 24 months of age. The questionnaire consisted of parts concerning the child's sleep and environmental factors. Results: The combined prevalence of habitual snoring in the two birth cohorts at the age of 24 months was 2.3% (95% CI 1.5-3.1), which is markedly lower than reported previously. Children suffering from recurrent infections (CS odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.5) or asthma (FB OR 4.3, 1.4-13.5) snored habitually more often. Both the mother's (CS OR 3.2, 1.2-9.0) and father's (CS OR 3.4, 1.4-8.0) snoring every night added to the risk of the child snoring. In the multivariate models, parental snoring (CS adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 2.8, 1.1-6.8), the mother's lower level of education (CS ORa 2.9, 1.2-7.5, FB ORa 2.1, 1.0-4.5), and the mother's lower monthly income (FB ORa 2.9, 1.3-6.3) associated with the child's habitual snoring. Conclusions: The prevalence of habitual snoring in two Finnish birth cohorts is lower than reported previously. The independent risk factors for habitual snoring at the age of two years were the parents' snoring and the mother's low income and low education. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Utilisation of New Genome Editing Techniques in Finland

The objective of this report is to produce information on the current state and future of the new genome editing techniques. The report material was collected from the literature, supported by expert interviews and business surveys. In addition, two stakeholder meetings were organised. Furthermore, statistics and the scenario method were utilised in the project. The new genome editing techniques enable one to add, remove or edit the desired qualities of an organism very accurately and in a targeted way. In Finland, these techniques are mainly applied in basic research on plants and in animal physiology, as well as in medical research and development to produce test animal and cell models. Genome editing techniques could be applied for improving the climate resilience of plants as growing conditions become altered by climate change. In addition to medical trials, the techniques enable development of gene therapeutic treatments. In animal breeding, the expectations centre on improving health and wellbeing of animals. The development of applications is hindered by the interpretation of European legislation that equates the new genome editing techniques with genetic modification. This keeps the costs of the required risk evaluation high. In addition, the consumer stance towards gene modification is negative, which means that the market of genome edited products is viewed as unstable.This publication is part of the implementation of the Government Plan for Analysis, Assessment and Research. (tietokayttoon.fi) The content is the responsibility of the producers of the information and does not necessarily represent the view of the Government

Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors

We provide research findings on the physics of aerosol and droplet dispersion relevant to the hypothesized aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the current pandemic. We utilize physics-based modeling at different levels of complexity, along with previous literature on coronaviruses, to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission. The previous literature, our 0D-3D simulations by various physics-based models, and theoretical calculations, indicate that the typical size range of speech and cough originated droplets (dPeer reviewe