Near Infrared Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence Microspectroscopy, Infrared Chemical Imaging and High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Soybean Seeds, Embryos and Single Cells

Chemical analysis of soybean seeds, somatic embryos and single cells were carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence and High-Resolution NMR (HR-NMR). The first FT-NIR chemical images of biological systems approaching 1 micron (1μ) resolution are presented here. Chemical images obtained by FT-NIR and FT-IR Microspectroscopy are presented for oil in soybean seeds and somatic embryos under physiological conditions. FT-NIR spectra of oil and proteins were obtained for volumes as small as 2μ3. Related, HR-NMR analyses of oil contents in somatic embryos are also presented here with nanoliter precision. Such 400 MHz 1H NMR analyses allowed the selection of mutagenized embryos with higher oil content (e.g. ~20%) compared to non-mutagenized control embryos. Moreover, developmental changes in single soybean seeds and/or somatic embryos may be monitored by FT-NIR with a precision approaching the picogram level. Indeed, detailed chemical analyses of oils and phytochemicals are now becoming possible by FT-NIR Chemical Imaging/ Microspectroscopy of single cells. The cost, speed and analytical requirements of plant breeding and genetic selection programs are fully satisfied by FT-NIR spectroscopy and Microspectroscopy for soybeans and soybean embryos. FT-NIR Microspectroscopy and Chemical Imaging are also shown to be potentially important in functional Genomics and Proteomics research through the rapid and accurate detection of high-content microarrays (HCMA). Multi-photon (MP), pulsed femtosecond laser NIR Fluorescence Excitation techniques were shown to be capable of Single Molecule Detection (SMD). Therefore, such powerful techniques allow for the most sensitive and reliable quantitative analyses to be carried out both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MP NIR excitation for Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) allows not only single molecule detection, but also molecular dynamics and high resolution, submicron imaging of femtoliter volumes inside living cells and tissues. These novel, ultra-sensitive and rapid NIR/FCS analyses have numerous applications in important research areas, such as: agricultural biotechnology, food safety, pharmacology, medical research and clinical diagnosis of viral diseases and cancers

Composite G-codes over formal power series rings and finite chain ring

In this paper, we extend the work done on $G$-codes over formal power series rings and finite chain rings $\mathbb{F}_q[t]/(t^i)$, to composite $G$-codes over the same alphabets. We define composite $G$-codes over the infinite ring $R_\infty$ as ideals in the group ring $R_\infty G.$ We show that the dual of a composite $G$-code is again a composite $G$-code in this setting. We extend the known results on projections and lifts of $G$-codes over the finite chain rings and over the formal power series rings to composite $G$-codes. Additionally, we extend some known results on $\gamma$-adic $G$-codes over $R_\infty$ to composite $G$-codes and study these codes over principal ideal rings

Duchowieństwo niższe epoki potrydenckiej w świetle protokołów wizytacji biskupów. Przykład parafii pw. Wszystkich Świętych w Brzezinach

W artykule zostało przedstawione duchowieństwo niższe epoki potrydenckiej na przykładzie parafii Brzeziny. Wspólnota okresie staropolskim należała do diecezji krakowskiej. Jako główne źródło do badania tego zagadnienia posłużyły akta wizytacji kanonicznych. Struktura artykułu jest chronologiczna do kolejnych okresów posługi kapłanów, którzy pracowali w parafii od XVI do XVIII w. W opisach kapłanów zawarto informacje o ich pochodzeniu, wykształceniu, karierze kapłańskiej a także ich postawom moralnym. Obraz duchowieństwa parafii Brzeziny został również porównany ze stanem badań duchowieństwa w epoce potrydenckiej, której założeniem było wzmocnienie roli kapłana we wspólnocie kościelnej.In the article it had been presented lower clergy of posttridental time in example of Brzeziny parish. This community in Old-Polish period belonged to Cracow diocese. As a main source to research those issue were used acts of canonical visitations. The structure of article is chronological to subsequented periods of priest’s service, who worked in parish from 16th to 18th century. In description of priests included information about their roots, education, priest’s career and also moral attitudes. The picture of Brzeziny parish clergy had been compared with the state of researches about clergy in posttridental times, which assumption was amplification of priest’s role in church community

Quality assessment of activities undertaken in the area of health and safety management using the MERIT method : case study

that the public which uses such products often fails to be adequately informed about their potential hazards. The specifi c subject of the paper is fullerene and its bromo derivative. The contradictory opinions regarding the hazards associated with this material are discussed, and its potential environmental impacts are investigated experimentally

The use of electre i method in the decision-making process - case study

DOI nepřidělenThis article presents the possibilities of using one of the multi-criteria discrete methods in the engineering design. Illustrated with an example, the way of using Electre I method in the evaluation of quality features, which describe technical means the purchase of which is being taken into consideration in connection with the expected start-up of a new coal-mine area, has been discussed

PREDICTIVE ROLE OF COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS AND MOTIVATION REGULATION ON MATH ANXIETY AMONG TURKISH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to examine mathematics anxiety in high school students according to cognitive distortions and motivation regulation variables related to academic anxiety. The sample of the study consists of a total of 436 students (283 girls and 153 boys) studying at different high schools in Turkey in the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades. Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS), Cognitive Distortions Scale Related to Academic Achievement (CDS-AA) and Motivation Regulation Scale-Short Form (MRS-SF) were used to collect the data of the research. According to the findings obtained; a significant negative correlation was found between high school students' math anxiety and motivation regulation skills. In addition, it was determined that there were positive significant relationships between students' math anxiety and both the total scores of cognitive distortions related to academic achievement and the sub-dimension scores of catastrophizing, perfectionism, self-value, and outer attribution. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that motivation regulation and cognitive distortions scores were a significant predictor of students' math anxiety. The findings were discussed with other studies in the field and some suggestions were made

Influential Article Review - A Study on Effective Tax Rates: An Auditor Perspective

This paper examines tax. We present insights from a highly influential paper. Here are the highlights from this paper: This study examines how the appointment of tax certified individual auditors is associated with reported effective tax rates of corporate clients. The study uses a unique German institutional setting which makes it possible to track individual auditors that are also certified tax consultants and sign the audit opinion. Empirical results indicate that tax certified individual engagement partners are associated with higher effective tax rates. Further tests reveal that this association also exists for individual parent company financial statements and that it is stronger when tax confirmation services are provided to the audit client. My findings enhance the understanding of the role of individual auditors. For our overseas readers, we then present the insights from this paper in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German

G-codes over Formal Power Series Rings and Finite Chain Rings

In this work, we define $G$-codes over the infinite ring $R_\infty$ as ideals in the group ring $R_\infty G$. We show that the dual of a $G$-code is again a $G$-code in this setting. We study the projections and lifts of $G$-codes over the finite chain rings and over the formal power series rings respectively. We extend known results of constructing $\gamma$-adic codes over $R_\infty$ to $\gamma$-adic $G$-codes over the same ring. We also study $G$-codes over principal ideal rings

New Extremal binary self-dual codes of length 68 from generalized neighbors

In this work, we use the concept of distance between self-dual codes, which generalizes the concept of a neighbor for self-dual codes. Using the $k$-neighbors, we are able to construct extremal binary self-dual codes of length 68 with new weight enumerators. We construct 143 extremal binary self-dual codes of length 68 with new weight enumerators including 42 codes with $\gamma=8$ in their $W_{68,2}$ and 40 with $\gamma=9$ in their $W_{68,2}$. These examples are the first in the literature for these $\gamma$ values. This completes the theoretical list of possible values for $\gamma$ in $W_{68,2}$

"Refugees’ Troubles or Trouble with Refugees?" : the DPS as Featured in the "Polish Daily & Soldier’s Daily" between 1945 and 1948

The article presents issue of the Polish displaced persons on the territory of the former Third Reich in light of coverage in the The Polish Daily & Soldier’s Daily newspaper (Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza – DPDŻ). The author of this article verifies this journalistic representation, which wasn’t in line with reality. Journalists wrote about such topics as material conditions in the DP camps, possibilities of cultural activities in camps and attitudes of camp authorities towards the DPs. The newspaper criticised the UNRRA which it regarded as a proponent of compulsory repatriation. This and other opinions have been confronted with the actual state of research. Another question raised by the newspaper was one concerning the international efforts taken to solve problem of the displaced persons. DPDŻ’s journalists were against Moscow and its satellites states, which sought to repatriate all the DPs